首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
催化热解废轮胎对于资源利用及环境保护具有重要意义,近年来引起人们关注.在废轮胎胶粉热解反应中加入催化剂,不仅会加速胶粉裂解速率,缩短反应时间,而且可以通过催化剂择形催化改变产物分布,从而提高目的产物衍生油的收率和性能.国内外对废轮胎催化热解已做了大量研究,以期提高衍生油中高附加值单环芳烃的含量,同时降低S,N和Cl含量,虽然已取得较大进展,但衍生油收率较低,大大降低了该技术的可行性.本文采用带搅拌器的1000 mL不锈钢反应器,在常压条件下研究了反应温度和催化剂类型对废轮胎胶粉热解反应及产物衍生油性能的影响,通过元素分析、馏程模拟和色谱-质谱等表征手段检测了衍生油的理化性能.结果表明,在废轮胎胶粉热解反应过程中,随反应温度上升,出油速率先增加后降低.至500℃时,热解衍生油收率最高达55.65 wt%,所得衍生油呈黑棕色,具有轻质油含量低、S和N含量高、粘度低和流动性好的特点,其轻质芳烃含量低,却含有大量可以转变为芳烃的脂肪烃类.因此,为了提高衍生油中轻质油和轻质芳烃收率,降低S和N含量,尽量维持较高的衍生油收率,在热解反应过程中引入少量ZSM-5,USY,β,SAPO-11和ZSM-22等常见催化剂,利用催化剂独特的孔道结构和酸分布,达到定向催化和转化的目的,提高轻质芳烃含量.同时,为了克服催化剂与胶粉难以接触进行反应的问题,在反应温度升至200℃时,维持一定时间保证胶粉发生溶胀和液化反应形成液体烃类,使得催化剂不仅能够均匀分散于液体烃中与其接触进行反应,而且有效提高了反应物料与催化剂之间传质传热效率,使得裂解反应在均相中进行,降低因传热不均匀而造成的结焦和过度裂化反应.在催化热解过程中,1.0 wt%催化剂的加入可明显缩短反应时间,在保证衍生油收率基本不变的情况下,获得的衍生油呈黄棕色,轻质油收率较高为70–75 wt%,S和N含量分别降至0.3–0.58wt%和0.78–1.0 wt%.以具有较高酸性和孔径分布的ZSM-5,USY,β和SAPO-11为催化剂时,衍生油中总芳烃含量可达到50 wt%,其中单环芳烃含量高达45 wt%.  相似文献   

2.
应用TG-FTIR技术研究黄土庙煤催化热解特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用浸渍法制备过渡金属氧化物担载型催化剂MOx/USY(M=Co、Mo、Co-Mo),用热重红外联用技术考察了MOx/USY催化剂对黄土庙(HTM)煤热解失重特性和热解产物生成规律的影响。热重实验结果表明,MOx/USY催化剂可使HTM煤热解的二次脱气条件更为温和,热解峰温分别提前14、23和9℃。动力学分析结果表明,MOx/USY催化剂可降低HTM煤样热解的活化能。FT-IR研究表明,MOx/USY催化剂可有效改善HTM煤热解产物的组成和分布,CoOx/USY催化剂能显著提高HTM煤热解产物中高热值气体(CO、CH4)和轻质芳烃以及脂肪烃类化合物的含量;MoOx/USY催化剂没有明显改善HTM煤热解产物组成和分布;MoOx-CoOx/USY催化剂可促进CO、CH4、轻质芳烃和脂肪烃类化合物的生成,却使热解产物的生成向高温区移动,说明USY负载的不同过渡金属氧化物对煤样热解行为和热解产物有较大影响。  相似文献   

3.
采用固定床反应器,在氢气气氛下研究了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与两种典型生物质(杉木、毛竹)(8:2wt%)的共热解及在Y型分子筛上的催化共热解。结果表明,与HDPE单独热解相比,共热解生成的油相液体的碳数分布变窄,使C5-C11汽油馏分的含量显著增加,而C12-C20以及C20 组分相应降低。共热解最高的总液体收率出现在NaY催化剂上,毛竹与HDPE共热解中达到58·9%。在Y型分子筛加入后,共热解水相产物中乙酸含量明显增加,苯酚类产物含量则显著下降。乙酸生成量最多的是USY催化剂,其次是HY、NaY。在USY催化剂作用下,毛竹与HDPE共热解水相液体所含有机物中,乙酸含量达到38·3%。  相似文献   

4.
废轮胎热解石脑油馏分的组成分析   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
研究了废轮胎在回转窑中试反应器中进行中温段(450 ℃~650 ℃)热解所得产物油中石脑油馏分(i.b.p.~200 ℃)的品质。对原始热解油进行实沸点蒸馏,石脑油馏分的收率随热解温度的升高而明显增加,在600 ℃取得最大值40.48%,之后又有所下降。采用GC和GC-MS对石脑油馏分的组成进行了分析。结果表明,热解石脑油具有很强的芳香性,而且芳烃含量随热解温度的升高而持续增加,热解温度在550 ℃以上的石脑油中的芳香烃含量超过80%。轻质单环芳烃苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等为其中的主要芳烃。热解石脑油中的脂肪烃多为不饱和烃。  相似文献   

5.
 在不同的焙烧温度下制备了 Pt-Sn/SAPO-34 催化剂, 并使用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附、X 射线荧光光谱、O2 脉冲烧炭、H2 程序升温还原和透射电镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 在微型反应器中评价了 Pt-Sn/SAPO-34 催化剂对丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应的催化性能, 考察了焙烧温度和反应气氛对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, 焙烧温度为 500 oC 时, 催化剂具有最佳的反应活性. 当焙烧温度高于 500 oC 时, 催化剂出现不希望的表面变化, 例如活性 Pt 位点的聚集、Pt 的团聚、Sn 的流失等. 当反应温度为 595 oC 时, Pt-Sn/SAPO-34 催化性能稳定, 且能够保持表面金属状态.  相似文献   

6.
通过浸渍法制备了Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,分步浸渍法制备了Ni-Pt/SAPO-11双金属催化剂。通过X射线衍射、低温氮物理吸附、氨程序升温脱附和吡啶吸附红外等手段对所得样品进行了表征。结果表明,助剂Ni的引入导致了催化剂的比表面积和孔容降低,同时,催化剂的B酸量、L酸量及总酸量均有所下降。在340℃时对正庚烷的临氢异构化反应中,当Pt含量0.2wt%时,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率为45%,C7异构体收率为43%;而当Pt含量0.2wt%,同时Ni含量为0.2wt%时,Ni-Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率提高至72%,C7异构体收率提高至60%。  相似文献   

7.
 考察了 H-ZSM-5 和 Zn/H-ZSM-5 催化剂的二甲醚芳构化性能. 结果表明, H-ZSM-5 分子筛催化剂酸性的增强和酸中心的增多有利于二甲醚芳构化. 当在 H-ZSM-5 催化剂中加入 2% Zn 时, 在 360 oC 下反应时总芳烃收率从 50.0% 增加至 66.2%, C8 芳烃收率从 28.6% 增加到 39.0%. 反应温度升高到 480 oC 时, 总芳烃收率增加至 78.0%.  相似文献   

8.
采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/ZSM-5、Ni/HY、Ni/Al2O3和Ni/USY四个系列Ni含量不同的催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了四类催化剂对菲的加氢裂化制BTX反应的催化性能。借助BET、SEM、热重和差热分析对催化剂的形貌、比表面积、平均孔径及积炭情况进行了表征,结合其结果对催化剂性能进行了分析。结果表明,Ni/HY和Ni/USY催化剂中Ni含量为12%时性能最优,收率可达52%。Al2O3催化剂的最佳Ni含量为6%,该系催化剂初始性能尚可,但失活较快;ZSM-5型分子筛催化剂性能较差。  相似文献   

9.
纳米ZSM-5用于石脑油催化裂化的最新进展(英文)   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
综述了纳米ZSM-5在石脑油催化裂解中的应用.比较了纳米ZSM-5和毫米级ZSM-5对产物选择性、反应转化率和催化剂寿命的影响.纳米ZSM-5的应用不仅延长了催化剂寿命,而且表现出更稳定的轻质烯烃选择性.讨论了反应条件,如温度和进料对纳米ZSM-5催化性能的影响,发现高温和线式烷烃作为进料时可提高轻质烯烃的选择性和反应转化率.  相似文献   

10.
硅烷化改性对纳米ZSM-5甲醇制汽油催化剂性能的影响   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0  
郭春垒 《分子催化》2016,30(2):115-122
对比了水热处理后微米ZSM-5和纳米ZSM-5分子筛的物化性质和催化甲醇制汽油(MTG)的反应性能,发现采用纳米ZSM-5分子筛催化剂能得到较高的汽油收率和较长的寿命,但汽油中均四甲苯含量较高.对纳米ZSM-5分子筛进行硅烷化处理,利用低温N_2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)对改性前后的样品进行表征.在温度380℃、压力2.0 MPa、空速3.0 h~(-1)的反应条件下进行MTG反应,对硅烷化改性后的催化剂进行评价.结果表明,负载SiO_2后催化剂的强酸中心降低,比表面积和孔容降低.纳米ZSM-5分子筛合适的SiO_2负载量为2%,硅改性后用于MTG反应,催化剂的寿命和汽油收率分别由改性前的144 h和33.6%显著增加到180 h和34.4%.当SiO_2负载量继续增加时,催化剂寿命和汽油收率逐渐降低.另外,随SiO_2负载量的增加,其催化MTG所得汽油产品中的异构烷烃和芳烃含量降低,烯烃和正构烷烃含量增加,均四甲苯含量显著降低,改善了油品质量.  相似文献   

11.
Catalytic copyrolysis of waste tires over ZSM-5 zeolite with lubricant base oil (LBO) was undertaken at 430 °C under nitrogen atmosphere in a batch mode, and the pyrolysis oils were characterized using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). By combining with LBO, the ZSM-5 catalyzed pyrolysis system of tires has a sharply enhanced degradation rate. Compared to the pyrolysis without LBO, the liquid yield is increased from 33.6% to 48.0%, while the gas and the residue yields are decreased. In the pyrolysis oils, the content of heavy components is decreased and the content of light oils (n-C ≤ 12) is increased from 77.8%(without LBO) to 83.1%(with LBO); especially, the content of C10 components has a sharp increase. Moreover, the liquid compositions are changed. Particularly, the percentage of limonene increased dramatically from 7.54% for thermal degradation to 13.58%. These results suggest that the enhanced catalytic effects on pyrolysis of tires in the catalytic systems are due to the improved interactions between tires and catalysts with the help of LBO. Therefore, it is possible to improve the process economics of scrap tires by catalytic copyrolysis with LBO, which can not only increase the pyrolysis rate remarkably but also produce high-value oil products.  相似文献   

12.
In this study, the conversion of hazardous wastes into liquid fuels was investigated. The pyrolysis of bilge water oil and oil sludge from ships, scrap tires and their blends was carried out at 400 and 500 °C in absence and presence of catalyst. A commercial fluid catalytic cracking catalyst and Red Mud were used as catalyst. Pyrolysis products were separated as gas, oil and char. The pyrolytic oils were characterized by using gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The effect of temperature and catalyst on the product distribution and the composition of oil from pyrolysis were investigated. Co-pyrolysis of scrap tire with oily wastes from ships produced oil that could be used as fuel, while its pyrolysis alone produced oil that could be used as a chemical feedstock. The results obtained in this study showed that co-pyrolysis of oily wastes with scrap tires could be an environmentally friendly way for the transformation of hazardous wastes into valuable products such as chemicals or fuels.  相似文献   

13.
An indirect heated fluidized bed process has been used for the pyrolysis of synthetic and natural rubber. The throughput capacity for the continuously running plant was 500–3000 g/h. The results are compared to a pilot plant for the pyrolysis of whole tires. Beside the recovery of oil and carbon black it was another goal of the study to investigate how much monomer material such as isoprene and isobutene can be obtained from synthetic and natural rubber. The pyrolysis parameters were optimized such as pyrolysis temperature, kind of fluidizing gas, and residence time of the gas in the pyrolysis reactor. Main products of the pyrolysis of tires are an aromatic-rich oil and carbon black, which can be reused. While it was possible to obtain only 2–4 wt% of isobutene, the isoprene content reached 22 wt% from natural rubber.  相似文献   

14.
Gas phase catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate, as one of volatile organic compounds (VOC), was studied on nanostructure ZSM-5, HZSM-5 and Co-ZSM-5 with different cobalt loadings. Nanostructure of ZSM-5 was determined by XRD, SEM and TEM. Catalytic studies were carried out under atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that the Co-ZSM-5 catalysts had better activity than others and at temperatures below 350 ℃, amount of Co loading was more effective on catalytic activity. The order of conversion of ethyl acetate over different Co loading is as follows: Co-ZSM-5 (0.75 wt%)<Co-ZSM-5 (1.5 wt%)<Co-ZSM-5 (15 wt%)<Co-ZSM-5 (2.8 wt%). Besides the higher the inlet concentration of ethyl acetate, the lower the conversion yield, and oxygen concentration in catalytic oxidation conditions has not so large influence on conversion. Furthermore, the presence of water vapor in inlet gaseous feed has an inhibitive effect on ethyl acetate conversion and at the temperatures above 400˚C, the effect decreases.  相似文献   

15.
It is useful for practical operation to study the rules of production of propylene by the catalytic conversion of heavy oil in FCC (fluid catalytic cracking). The effects of temperature and C/O ratio (catalyst to oil weight ratio) on the distribution of the product and the yield of propylene were investigated on a micro reactor unit with two model catalysts, namely ZSM-5/Al2O3 and USY/Al2O3, and Fushun vacuum gas oil (VGO) was used as the feedstock. The conversion of heavy oil over ZSM-5 catalyst can be comparable to that of USY catalyst at high temperature and high C/O ratio. The rate of conversion of heavy oil using the ZSM-5 equilibrium catalyst is lower compared with the USY equilibrium catalyst under the general FCC conditions and this can be attributed to the poor steam ability of the ZSM-5 equilibrium catalyst. The difference in pore topologies of USY and ZSM-5 is the reason why the principal products for the above two catalysts is different, namely gasoline and liquid petroleum gas (LPG), repspectively. So the LPG selectivity, especially the propylene selectivity, may decline if USY is added into the FCC catalyst for maximizing the production of propylene. Increasing the C/O ratio is the most economical method for the increase of LPG yield than the increase of the temperature of the two model catalysts, because the loss of light oil is less in the former case. There is an inverse correlation between HTC (hydrogen transfer coefficient) and the yield of propylene, and restricting the hydrogen transfer reaction is the more important measure in increasing the yield of propylene of the ZSM-5 catalyst. The ethylene yield of ZSM-5/Al2O3 is higher, but the gaseous side products with low value are not enhanced when ZSM-5 catalyst is used. Moreover, for LPG and the end products, dry gas and coke, their ranges of reaction conditions to which their yields are dependent are different, and that of end products is more severe than that of LPG. So it is clear that maximizing LPG and propylene and restricting dry gas and coke can be both achieved via increasing the severity of reaction conditions among the range of reaction conditions which LPG yield is sensitive to.  相似文献   

16.
经过三十多年的研究与开发,金催化已应用到环境污染治理与控制、精细化工合成和能源等领域,涉及的化学反应从简单的 CO氧化和丙烯环氧化等扩展到加氢、羰化和缩合等各类有机合成反应,研究领域从多相催化到均相催化以及光催化等.然而金催化所探索的反应多在较温和的反应条件下进行,对于重油催化裂解这类高温和复杂混合反应物体系的研究几乎无人问津.催化裂化(FCC)过程由于具有能耗较低、原料低廉及装置适应能力强等优点,在增产丙烯方面发挥着重要作用.由于特殊孔结构的择形性、较强的酸性和低的氢转移活性以及良好的水热稳定性, ZSM-5分子筛是目前应用于 FCC多产丙烯催化剂和助剂最为广泛的重要组分.值得注意的是,目前国内外开发的改性 ZSM-5无论是对 C4烃类和石脑油等催化裂解或作为助剂用于 FCC增产丙烯均有积极作用,但反应温度较高(大于510oC);当降低反应温度后,其增产丙烯的能力将受到极大限制.本文利用纳米金低温催化活性高的特点,采用改进的沉积沉淀(DP)方法,通过调变制备参数和金载量,制备了系列金修饰的 ZSM-5催化剂,考察了其对轻柴油催化裂解多产丙烯的催化性能.采用 X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、透射电镜(TEM)和诱导耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)等手段研究了纳米金的分散状况及其对 ZSM-5物理化学结构的调变.结果发现,在460oC的较低反应温度下,与微米 ZSM-5母体相比,采用常规 DP法制备的经过滤洗涤后未用 NaBH4还原而是在300oC下空气中焙烧,理论金载量分别为0.5,0.8和1.0 wt%的三个纳米金催化剂的微反活性和丙烯选择性均增加.其中丙烯选择性分别提高了8.8%,2.9%和23.2%,微反活性指数分别提高了7.1%,4.3%和4.5%.这表明少量金的引入有利于在较低反应温度下催化裂化轻柴油增产丙烯,反映了其催化裂解烃类化合物的能力. TEM观察表明, Au/ZSM-5催化剂中金粒径分布非常不均匀(<10 nm–<200 nm).然而其中一些金粒子与载体呈扁平式接触,显示了两者间较强的相互作用.另外一些较小的金粒子可能嵌入到狭缝片状 ZSM-5颗粒之间的孔隙中,这可能在一定程度上影响了母体 ZSM-5的孔结构分布及其催化裂化性能. XRD, N2吸附-脱附和 NH3-TPD结果表明,金引入制备参数及其载量的变化导致了母体 ZSM-5载体的 MFI结构、孔结构分布及强弱酸量的变化.上述丙烯选择性和微反活性因
  金的修饰而同时提高的三个金催化剂,基本保持了完整的 ZSM-5的 MFI结构,并且其孔分布比 ZSM-5窄.金的引入明显提高了 ZSM-5母体的酸性尤其是低温弱酸的酸强度,然而,综合性能优良的催化剂其强弱酸量的比例相近.因此,金修饰导致微反活性和丙烯选择性的同时提高取决于改性催化剂的 MFI结构、孔分布以及强弱酸比例的协同作用,而金载量和金粒子尺寸的影响不明显.一般来讲,修饰的金属主要通过形成正碳离子而在 B酸位上生成轻烯烃.高温水汽老化试验后,金修饰的 ZSM-5比未修饰的ZSM-5保留了更多的酸位,说明金在一定程度上抑制了骨架铝的脱除.扁平状分布在母体上的金粒子与母体间较强的相互作用可能导致部分电子从金属态金转移到(SiAl)O(OH)m上,增加了羟基中质子的流动性而提高了改性分子筛的酸性,有利于正碳离子的形成.  相似文献   

17.
The disposal of used tires is a major environmental problem. With increasing interest on recovery of wastes, pyrolysis is considered as an alternative process for recovering some of the value in scrap tires. An accurate kinetic model is required to predict product yields during thermal or catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires. Pyrolysis products contain a variety of hydrocarbons over a wide boiling range. A common approach for kinetic modeling of such complex systems is lumping where each lump is defined by a boiling point range. Available experimental data for thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tires from the literature were used to evaluate two types of lumping models; discrete and continuous lumping models. The lumps were described in terms of the boiling point distribution of the reactant mixture. In the discrete model, the conversion of heavier to lighter lumps was described in terms of series and parallel first order reactions. In the continuous model, the normalized boiling point was used to describe the reactant mixture as a continuous mixture. An optimization procedure was implemented for estimation of the model parameters using experimental data reported in the literature. Model predictions with indicated that although the discrete model could reasonably predict the yields of different cuts in the products, predictions of the continuous model were very good, especially in thermal pyrolysis.  相似文献   

18.
This paper investigates the catalytic activity of MCM-41 synthesized via silatrane route and Ru/MCM-41 in waste tire pyrolysis. The experimental results showed that the presence of catalysts strongly influenced the yield and nature of products. Namely, the gas yield increased at the expense of liquid yield. In addition, a considerable high yield of light olefins, 4 times higher than non-catalytic pyrolysis, can be achieved for Ru/MCM-41 catalyst. Furthermore, the uses of catalysts produced much lighter oil and there was a drastic increase in the concentration of single ring aromatics in accordance to a reduction in polycyclic aromatic compounds in the derived oils. Ru/MCM-41 produced the lightest oil and the oil has the highest concentration of mono-aromatics. The high activity of catalysts, particularly Ru/MCM-41 was discussed in relation with the catalyst characterization results obtained from various techniques including TPD-NH3, H2-chemisorption, XRD, N2-adsorption/desorption analysis, and TPO.  相似文献   

19.
This review covers the characteristics of pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis bio‐oils by focusing on the fundamental factors that determine bio‐oil upgradability. The abundant works on the subject of bio‐oil production from lignocellulosic biomass were studied to establish the essential attributes of the bio‐oils for assessment of the oil stability and upgradability. Bio‐oils from catalytic pyrolysis processes relating to catalysts of different compositions and structures are discussed. A general relationship between the higher heating value and the oxygen content in the catalytic pyrolysis oils exists, but this relationship does not apply to the thermal pyrolysis oil. Reporting bio‐oil yield is meaningful only when the oxygen content of the oil is measured because the pyrolytic oil stability is mainly determined by the oxygen content. Isoenergy plot that associates bio‐oil yield with oxygen content is presented and discussed.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号