过渡金属多氢化物催化的选择性转移氢化

研究过渡金属多氢化物和分子氢络合物(非经典过渡金属多氢化物)催化下,以异丙醇为氢源,还原环酮和非环酮为相应醇的立体选择性的变化,并研究不同膦配体对4-甲基环已酮还原的立体选择性影响。探论了在温和条件下以Ru分子氧络合物为催化剂,外加手性配体情况下,对苯已酮氢化反应的对映选择性的影响。     

金属卟啉对环己烷定向氧化的催化作用

关于以金属卟啉为催化剂的烷烃的模拟生物氧化研究,虽有零星报道,但还缺少系统的研究.我们根据生物氧化的一般原理,研究了金属卟啉对环己烷定向氧化的催化作用.我们利用分子氧-抗坏血酸-金属卟啉-环己烷模拟生物氧化体系,于常温常压下实现了环己烷被氧化成环己醇和环己酮的反应,反应中无其他氧化产物生成.血晶(氯化高铁血红素)和合成的四苯基卟啉的Fe,Co,Mn络合物有催化活性,其中以血晶最好. 血晶按文献[4]提取.中位四苯基卟啉(TPP)按Adler法合成.TPP的Fe,Co,Mn及Cu络合物用Rothemund法制备.这些化合物及其纯度分别用紫外光谱、红外光谱和     

金属卟啉存在下芳醛氧化反应的研究

本文研究了在金属四苯基卟啉[Co(II)TPP,Fe(III)TPPCl,Mn(III)TPPCl,Zn(II)TPP,Cu(II)TP.TPP=四苯基卟啉]存在下,用氧气氧化芳醛的过程.测定了反应体系的吸氧动力学曲线;观察了氧化过程中金属卟啉的可见光谱的变化;研究了底物,金属卟啉在反应体系中的浓度以及溶剂等因素对反应的影响.结果发现,除能可逆键合分子氧的Co(II)TPP外,不具此种功能的Fe(III)TPPCl和Mn(III)TPPCl也能加速芳醛的氧化反应.然而,它们的催化作用是在金属四苯基卟啉与反应过程中积累起来的过酸作用,卟啉环遭到破坏后观察到的,此时可能形成了某种新的催化活性中心.金属卟啉本身对反应起抑制作用,它只是表观上的催化剂,其催化作用看来不应归结为对分子氧的活化.     

杯[6]芳烃-双金属卟啉仿P450酶模型的研究 Ⅰ.对环己烯环氧化反应的催化活性

研究了杯［６］芳烃－双金属卟啉仿Ｐ４５０酶模型化合物对环己烯环氧化反应的催化性能．考察了温度、氧源浓度、催化剂浓度、底物浓度、卟啉环中位苯基上取代基、溶剂等因素对反应的影响．结果表明,杯［６］芳烃－双金属卟啉的催化性能优于相应的简单金属卟啉单体,且反应遵从Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ规律．这是由于作为疏水结合部位的杯［６］芳烃大环的引入,导致多部位识别协同催化,从而极大地提高了金属卟啉的催化性能．     

聚合物键合Cu（Salen）的合成及其催化作用

一些简单的无机配合物已经广泛地用作氧载体和氧化催化剂,其中研究较多的是过渡金属卟啉和席夫碱（Schiff base）－过渡金属配合物。其中,席夫碱－过渡金属配合物的合成简单、易于控制配体的电子与立体因素,因而其催化性能的调变更具有灵活性,其分子氧体系已用于烯烃的环氧化和醇类的氧化,卟啉钴配合物－分子氧体系对硫醇的催化氧化研究已报道,其于席夫碱－金属配合物具有结合分子氧的特性和催经作用,以及高分子配合物催化剂的特点,我们合成了聚合物键合双水扬醛缩乙二胺合铜（Ⅱ）,并将其用于催化分子氧氧化丙硫醇转化成二硫化物。     

金属卟啉催化下环己烷羟基化反应的Hammett关系

合成了４０个卟啉环上具有不同取代基的单铁、锰卟啉和μ－氧桥连双铁、锰卟啉、研究了这些金属卟啉模拟细胞色素Ｐ－４５０单充氧酶在温和条件下催化环己烷羟基化的反应。首次用线性自由能关系对金属卟啉仿生催化反应和金属卟啉自氧人反应进行相关分析，获得一 些新的结果和规律。在此基础上，对金属卟啉仿生催化反应的可能机理进行了探讨。     

金属卟啉的合成及其对细胞色素P-450的模拟 12.μ-氧-双铁(Ⅲ) 卟啉系列化合物对环已烷的单充氧催化物作用

研究了九种μ-氧-双[四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)]衍生物[TXPPPe^Ⅲ]~O 在温和条件下PHIO环已烷氧化成环以醇和环已酮的反应,结果表明,该反应的产率和速率与卟啉环上取代基的特性常数之间存在的线性关系, 反应的产物分布和动力学性质与反应温度,溶剂型质以及空气有关,还考察了这一反应过程的另一竞争反应-氧化剂对[ TXPPEeⅢ[~O的破坏反应,根据文献报道和实验结果,本文对μ-氧-双铁(Ⅲ)卟啉催化环已烷羟基化反应的可能途径进行了探讨.     

金属卟啉的合成及其对细胞色素P-450的模拟 12.μ-氧-双铁(Ⅲ) 卟啉系列化合物对环已烷的单充氧催化物作用

研究了九种μ-氧-双[四苯基卟吩合铁(Ⅲ)]衍生物[TXPPPe^Ⅲ]~O 在温和条件下PHIO环已烷氧化成环以醇和环已酮的反应,结果表明,该反应的产率和速率与卟啉环上取代基的特性常数之间存在的线性关系, 反应的产物分布和动力学性质与反应温度,溶剂型质以及空气有关,还考察了这一反应过程的另一竞争反应-氧化剂对[ TXPPEeⅢ[~O的破坏反应,根据文献报道和实验结果,本文对μ-氧-双铁(Ⅲ)卟啉催化环已烷羟基化反应的可能途径进行了探讨.     

高分子卟啉及其金属配合物的研究进展

高分子金属卟啉在载氧、导电及催化氧化性能方面日益受到重视，高分子金属卟啉有多种连接方式，如金属卟啉以配位键或共价键担载于高分子，金属卟啉轴向聚合及卟啉平面聚合等。本文综述了近１０年来高分子卟啉及其金属配合物在合成和性能方面的最新研究成果。     

μ-氧代双锰卟啉催化下空气高选择氧化乙苯

金属卟啉能够在温和条件下催化烃类的部分氧化,且有较好的选择性因此,金属卟啉的仿生催化研究不仅具有重大的理论意义,亦有广阔的应用前景,现已成为仿生催化领域中人们极感兴趣的工作,但是,金属卟啉化合物催化领域中人们极感举的工作,但是,金属卟啉化合物催化烃类氧化时,一般须使用诸如PhIO、NaClO、H2O2这样的单氧原子供体作氧化剂,或使用诸如锌粉、Vc等还原剂加分子氧体系,从实际应用来看,单独使用分子氧为氧化剂用于金属卟啉催化烃类氧化是最具诱惑力的。然而,在这方面的研究报导仅见于多卤代卟啉,我们在探索单独用空气作用氧化剂进行金属卟啉仿生催化时发现,象乙苯这样含有相对较为活泼的C－H键的分子,在μ－氧化双锰卟啉（[TPPMn]2O)的催化下,亦能够直接被分子氧氧化,本工作考察了各种因素对该反应的影响。     

Oxygen Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111)

The interaction of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on Ni(111) with molecular oxygen from a supersonic molecular beam led to a covalently bonded molecular oxygen species, which was identified as being between a superoxide and a peroxide. This is a rare example of an activated adsorption process leading to a molecular adsorbate. The amount of oxygen functionalization depended on the kinetic energy of the molecular beam. For a kinetic energy of 0.7 eV, an oxygen coverage of 0.4 ML was found. Near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy revealed a stronger bond of h-BN to the Ni(111) substrate in the presence of the covalently bound oxygen species. Oxygen adsorption also led to a shift of the valence bands to lower binding energies. Subsequent temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen boron bonds are stable up to approximately 580 K, when desorption, and simultaneously, etching of h-BN set in. The experimental results were substantiated by density functional theory calculations, which provided insight to the adsorption geometry, the adsorption energy and the reaction pathway.     

喹啉加氧酶中氧气扩散的通道分析

通过生物信息学分析、量化计算优化、CAVER和MDpocket预测、随机加速分子动力学及伞状抽样动力学模拟等方法,对喹啉加氧酶(HOD)中的氧气扩散途径进行了计算预测.结果表明,氧气在HOD中的反应位点包埋在蛋白内部,而HOD中有数条可能的通道供氧气进出,其中长度最短的通道具有最高的优先度,不仅在随机加速动力学模拟中具有最高的氧气逸出概率,而且伞状抽样方法计算得到的自由能也最低.此通道的内端位于底物Re面的氧气结合位点,较好地解释了HOD的相关实验数据.     

Multiple active intermediates in oxidation reaction catalyzed by synthetic heme-thiolate complex relevant to cytochrome p450

We have studied oxidation reactions using a synthetic heme-thiolate (SR complex) in order to ascertain the contributions of multiple intermediates derived from heme-thiolate to the oxygen atom transfer reaction to substrate. First, degradation of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) was examined in the presence of various substrates. The O-O bond cleavage mode of PPAA was clearly dependent on the reactivity of the substrate, and an easily oxidizable substrate enhanced heterolytic O-O bond cleavage. Second, competitive oxidations of cyclooctane and cyclooctene were carried out with various peroxybenzoic acids containing a series of substituents at the para-position as an oxygen source. The ratios of alkane hydroxylation rate/alkene epoxidation rate were dependent on the nature of the para-substituent of the oxidant. We conclude that substrate and oxidant interact with each other during the oxygen atom transfer reaction, that is, oxidation reaction occurs before O-O bond cleavage, even in the reaction catalyzed by heme-thiolate, which is considered to promote O-O bond cleavage. The results of an (18)O-incorporation study that is frequently performed to determine the active intermediates derived from iron porphyrins were consistent with this conclusion.     

Validation of a new method using the reactivity of electrogenerated superoxide radical in the antioxidant capacity determination of flavonoids

This article lays out a new method to measure the antioxidant capacity of some flavonoids. The methodology developed is based on the kinetics of the reaction of the antioxidant substrate with the superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)). A cyclic voltammetric technique was used to generate O(2)(*-) by reduction of molecular oxygen in aprotic media. In the same experiment the consumption of the radical was directly measured by the anodic current decay of the superoxide radical oxidation in the presence of increasing concentrations of antioxidant substrate. The method was statistically validated on flavonoid monomers and on the standard antioxidants: trolox, ascorbic acid and phloroglucinol. The linear correlations between the anodic current of O(2)(*-) and the substrate concentration allowed the determination of antioxidant index values expressed by the substrate concentration needed to consume 30% (AI(30)) and 50% (AI(50)) of O(2)(*-) in given conditions of oxygen concentration and scanning rate. The fidelity of the method was examined intraday and interlaboratories.     

金催化炔基苯并二𫫇英环化合成8-羟基异香豆素的理论研究

Density functional theory（DFT） calculations were carried out on the gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynyl benzodioxin to 8-hydroxy-isocoumarin reaction to show the molecular mechanism of the reaction. The conclusions obtained from this work are different from those in the previous experimental study. The results show that water molecule acts as both the reactant and the proton shuttle, and promotes the reaction with gold complexes under mild conditions. The nucleophilic addition site of water on the substrate is the C（sp³） atom on the side of the substrate far away from the oxabenzene ring, resulting in C（sp³）—O bond breaking in the substrate. The formation of new C—O bond and the cleavage of C—O bond in the substrate follow a step-by-step mechanism. The oxygen in the side-product acetone comes from the contribution of water in the reaction system. The regioselectivity of the reaction originates from the polarization of alkynyl π-electrons induced by substituents.     

One-pot oxidation of sulfides to sulfones by reusable heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen

A reusable solid catalyst, MnFe_1.8Cu_0.15Ru_0.05O₄, has been developed as an effective catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides to sulfones. The ruthenium modified spinel catalyst is the first example reported for such reaction under mild condition with molecular oxygen as the only oxidant. The oxidation reaction proceeded via an electrophilic attack of the oxygen atom of the catalyst on the electron-rich sulfur atom of the substrate.     

An experimental and computer modelling study of the photochemical reaction of tert-butylguaiacylcarbinol sensitized by p-methoxypropiophenone in aerated dimethoxyethane solution

The kinetics of the photochemical reaction of tert-butylguaiacyl-carbinol sensitized by p-methoxypropiophenone in aerated dimethoxyethane solution were measured experimentally. In contrast with the same model system in oxygen-free solution, the concentration of the sensitizer in the presence of oxygen remained constant within the experimental error limits. This implies that a regenerative loop exists for the sensitizer which operates efficiently if oxygen is present. The efficiency of this regenerative loop seems to depend on the substrate concentration. The rate of substrate consumption was found to be considerably faster than the rate obtained previously for the oxygen-free system.

The kinetics of substrate and sensitizer consumption and product formation were also studied by computer modelling, employing a reaction set consisting of 91 elementary reactions and 58 different species. Using this reaction set the kinetics of the substrate consumption were simulated for 4 h with good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated yields of the various reaction products were in fairly good agreement with previous experimental results for a similar model system. For the sensitizer, however, a small disagreement with the experimental results still remains, implying that in our simulation the regenerative loop does not operate with sufficient efficiency. The most important pathways for substrate reaction are the different singlet oxygen channels and the hydrogen abstraction mode of reaction. The relative importance of these two pathways could not be determined quantitatively.     

Efficient NO equivalent for activation of molecular oxygen and its applications in transition-metal-free catalytic aerobic alcohol oxidation

tert-Butyl nitrite (TBN) was identified as an efficient NO equivalent for the activation of molecular oxygen. The unique property of TBN enabled TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation to be performed in high-volume efficiency. Up to a 16,000 turnover number was achieved in this transition-metal-free aerobic catalytic system. Under the optimal reaction conditions, various alcohols were converted into their corresponding carbonyl compounds with TEMPO/HBr/TBN as catalyst. The newly developed method was suitable for the oxidation of solid substrate alcohols with high melting point and/or low solubility under the help of minimum solvent to form a slurry.     

Ab initio QM/MM study shows there is no general acid in the reaction catalyzed by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase

The mechanism for the reaction catalyzed by the 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT) enzyme has been studied using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method developed in our laboratory. Total free energy barriers were obtained for the two steps involved in this reaction. In the first step, Pro-1 acts as a general base to abstract a proton from the third carbon of the substrate, 2-oxo-4-hexenedioate, creating a negative charge on the oxygen at C-2 of this substrate. In the second step, the same hydrogen abstracted by the N-terminal Pro-1 is shuttled back to the fifth carbon of the substrate to form the product, 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate. The calculated total free energy barriers are 14.54 and 16.45 kcal/mol for the first and second steps, respectively. Our calculations clearly show that there is no general acid in the reaction. Arg-39' ', which is hydrogen bonded to the carboxylate group of the substrate, and an ordered water, which moves closer to the site of the charge formed in the transition state and intermediate, play the main role in transition state/intermediate stabilization without acting as general acids in the reaction.     

Off-pathway, oxygen-dependent thiamine radical in the Krebs cycle

The catalytic cofactor thiamine diphosphate is found in many enzymes of central metabolism and is essential in all extant forms of life. We demonstrate the presence of an oxygen-dependent free radical in the thiamine diphosphate-dependent Escherichia coli 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which is a key component of the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle. The radical was sufficiently long-lived to be trapped by freezing in liquid nitrogen, and its electronic structure was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). Taken together, the spectroscopic results revealed a delocalized pi radical on the enamine-thiazolium intermediate within the enzyme active site. The radical is generated as an intermediate during substrate turnover by a side reaction with molecular oxygen, resulting in the continuous production of reactive oxygen species under aerobic conditions. This off-pathway reaction may account for metabolic dysfunction associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. The possibility that the on-pathway reaction may proceed via a radical mechanism is discussed.