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1.
特选榨菜对铀污染土壤的修复评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文通过两种不同的加铀方式,加入不同种类及浓度的螯合剂,以及土壤改良剂(有机肥、微生物肥料、腐殖酸、尿素)的方法,研究了不同因素对特选榨菜修复铀污染土壤的影响。结果表明:在pH=5时把UO_2(NO_3)_2·6H_2O溶液喷洒入土壤,使土壤中铀污染浓度为100 mg·kg~(-1)时,特选榨菜地上部铀富集的浓度最大可以达到1103.42 mg·kg~(-1),根部为1909.49 mg·kg~(-1),去除率为7.81%;上述含铀土壤放置2年后制备成模拟铀污染的土壤,进而栽种特选榨菜进行修复,在100 mg·kg~(-1)铀污染浓度下,植物上部铀富集浓度最大为295.83 mg·kg~(-1),根部为268.42 mg·kg~(-1),年去除率为2.52%。用Tessier五步连续提取法测定两次修复土壤中铀的形态,发现模拟铀污染土壤比铀喷洒于土壤中有效态的铀(交换态和碳酸盐结合态)要低52.7%;加入柠檬酸、苹果酸等螯合剂以及有机肥、微生物肥料、腐殖酸、尿素等土壤改良剂,在模拟铀污染土壤修复时发现有机肥会降低植物上部对铀的富集;而柠檬酸和微生物肥会增强植物上部对铀的富集。  相似文献   

2.
三种植物对铀耐性及土壤中铀吸收积累差异的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用溶液培养结合土壤培养的方法,研究了小白菜、冬苋菜和菠菜对铀的耐性及土壤中铀吸收积累的差异.结果表明:水培条件下(U 50mg/L),与小白菜和冬苋菜相比,菠菜对铀具有较强的耐性;在100mg/kg 土U的条件下,菠菜表现出比小白菜和冬苋菜更高吸收和积累铀的能力,其地上部分铀含量为232mg/kg DW(Dry Weight 干重),而根部铀含量达433mh/kg DW(Dry Weight 干重).菠菜可能对铀污染土壤的植物修复具有潜在的应用价值.  相似文献   

3.
土壤的植物修复与超积累植物研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
被污染土壤的植物修复将是未来更好与更廉价的修复技术,所以近年来对植物修复与超积累植物的研究兴趣日益增加。本文简要介绍了近期的发展趋势。目前研究的重点包括根际土壤微环境中的复杂反应与吸收过程,金属从土壤向植物根以及从植物根向叶的传输过程,金属在超积累植物中的定位与螯合作用等等。这是分析化学与环境科学及植物科学交叉研究的新领域,充满挑战。  相似文献   

4.
镉污染土壤的植物修复   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
Cd在土壤中有稳定、积累和不易消除的特点,且可通过食物链富集使人体产生慢性中毒。我国农村镉污染尤其严重。植物修复技术是优秀的土壤镉污染治理技术,近两年来成为研究热点。本文阐述了土壤镉污染植物修复技术的机理、具体做法和技术进展。  相似文献   

5.
重金属污染土壤植物修复的强化措施研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
植物修复是一种有着巨大市场潜力的治理重金属污染土壤的技术,由于影响植物修复效率的因素较多,至今实际应用还很少。针对目前植物修复技术的不足,主要从植物本身的性能、重金属的生物有效性以及农艺管理措施等三方面,综述了近年来国内外有关植物修复强化措施的研究进展,并展望了今后该领域的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%~106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.  相似文献   

7.
污染土壤修复技术研究现状与趋势   总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47  
本文综述了国内外污染土壤修复技术的研究现状和发展趋势,并联系我国土壤污染态势探讨了中国土壤修复技术研发的需求.文中指出,包括生物修复、物理修复、化学修复及其联合修复的污染土壤修复技术体系已经基本形成;土壤修复技术正朝着6大方向发展,即向绿色与环境友好的生物修复、联合杂交的综合修复、原位修复、基于环境功能材料的修复、基于设备化的快速场地修复以及土壤修复决策支持系统及修复后评估等技术方向发展.我国土壤环境污染态势严峻,需要发展能广泛应用、安全、低成本的原位农田生物修复技术和物化稳定技术,发展安全、土地能再开发利用、针对性强的工业场地快速物化工程修复技术与设备,发展能控制水土流失与污染物扩散的矿区植物稳定化与生态工程修复技术,建立污染土壤修复技术规范、评价标准和管理政策.  相似文献   

8.
矿区土壤重金属污染是当今世界面临的主要环境问题之一,其污染修复一直是环境科学领域研究的重要领域之一。对矿区土壤重金属污染的修复方法,包括物理化学技术、植物修复技术、动物修复技术的机理、优缺点以及实用性进行了综述,并对矿区土壤修复的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

9.
铅污染土壤的修复技术   总被引:23,自引:1,他引:22  
综述了铅对土壤的污染及其修复技术。目前应用于污染土壤的修复技术可分为物理化学修复技术和生物修复技术。物理化学修复技术又可分为隔离包埋技术,固化稳定技术,Pyrometalluryical separation,化学稳定技术,电动修复技术等;生物修复技术可分为微生物修复技术和植物修复技术等。以期进一步推动铅污染土壤的治理和修复工作。  相似文献   

10.
核能的利用给人类带来了福利也带来了灾难。部分土壤被放射性物质污染,放射性物质通过食物链进入人体,威胁人类健康。目前各国科研工作者正在积极寻找可行的办法解决土壤的放射性污染问题,并发展起来许多方法来修复放射性污染的土壤。本文就放射性污染土壤的来源、危害、处理等进行综述,并重点介绍了生物修复放射性污染土壤的研究进展。  相似文献   

11.
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.  相似文献   

12.
KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.  相似文献   

13.
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.  相似文献   

14.
Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.  相似文献   

15.
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.  相似文献   

16.
The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion.  相似文献   

17.
An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.  相似文献   

18.
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.  相似文献   

19.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).  相似文献   

20.
Zhanhui Yang  Shiyi Yang  Jiaxi Xu 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(23):3240-3248
Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.  相似文献   

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