Au/Ag核一壳结构复合纳米粒子形成机制的研究

在已制备好的Au纳米粒子表面，通过化学还原的方法沉积生长Ag包覆层，通过 控制Au, Ag的比列，制备了粒度均匀且粒径可控的Au/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子。利用 UV-vis吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对SAu, Ag摩尔比为1：10的复合纳米粒 子的光学性质和形态进行随时监测，直接观察了核-壳结构纳米粒子的生长过程： 一部分Ag+在Au核表面还原生长，溶液中其余Ag+还原形成银的纳米团簇向粒子表面 的继续沉积生长，壳层增厚。     

Au/Ag核一壳结构复合纳米粒子形成机制的研究

在已制备好的Au纳米粒子表面,通过化学还原的方法沉积生长Ag包覆层,通过 控制Au, Ag的比列,制备了粒度均匀且粒径可控的Au/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子。利用 UV-vis吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对SAu, Ag摩尔比为1：10的复合纳米粒 子的光学性质和形态进行随时监测,直接观察了核-壳结构纳米粒子的生长过程： 一部分Ag+在Au核表面还原生长,溶液中其余Ag+还原形成银的纳米团簇向粒子表面 的继续沉积生长,壳层增厚。     

纳米材料的室温（湿）固相化学反应合成

在室温下通过(湿)固相化学反应合成了ZnS和CeO2等纳米材料,用XRD和TEM对其物相、晶粒形貌和晶粒大小进行了表征。结果表明,用该方法合成纳米粉体具有产率高,不需要溶剂,反应时间短,室温反应和纳料粒子稳定性好等显著优点。     

相转移法制备金属纳米粒子研究进展

相转移法是可控合成纳米金属粒子的一种简便、有效而重要的方法。通过相转移试剂的作用,水相中制备得到的大量金属纳米粒子在稳定剂的包裹下能够几乎完全转移到有机相当中。所得到的金属纳米粒子尺度均匀,形貌独特,结构稳定。本文综述了相转移方法制备金属纳米粒子的发展、动向以及相转移剂和稳定剂的应用情况。     

环境响应型纳米粒子在不互溶两相间的相转移

纳米粒子在不互溶两相间的相转移在催化剂的循环利用、药物输送等领域发挥着重要的作用。环境响应性纳米粒子因兼具纳米粒子的优点和刺激响应的特性而受到了广泛的关注。环境响应型纳米粒子相转移的出现使相转移过程更为高效、可逆且智能化,已展现出了广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来环境响应型纳米粒子在不互溶两相间转移的研究进展,主要内容包括pH、CO2、温度、光照、离子强度、配体交换和离子交换等刺激诱导的纳米粒子的相转移及其在催化、反应分离耦合等方面的应用,并分析了在环境刺激过程中纳米粒子的界面效应、自组装行为以及溶剂化效应等对相转移过程起到的关键性作用;同时,对目前该领域所面临的主要问题和进一步的研究工作提出了建议。     

高分子电解质溶胶—凝胶相转移与溶剂效应

以溶质、溶剂间的协同作用作为高分子电解质体系的凝胶化条件，以松软粒子结构（Ｂｏｌｂ）间的三维逾渗的凝胶化模型，将高分子电解质体系的凝胶化分为松软粒子的形成和逾渗过程。结合海藻酸溶液的Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋和Ｃｏ＾２＋离子添加体系的凝胶化，分析了高分子电解质溶胶－凝胶相转移的实质，得到了体系相对粘度的临界指数ｋ＝－０．９０￣１．１４，与逾渗模型的预测值相吻合，探讨了松粒子的形成对相转移介     

高分子电解质溶胶－凝胶相转移与溶剂效应

以溶质、溶剂间的协同作用作为高分子电解质体系的凝胶化条件，以松软粒子结构（Ｂｌｏｂ）间的三维逾渗的凝胶化模型，将高分子电解质体系的凝胶化分为松软粒子的形成和逾渗过程。结合海藻酸溶液的Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋和Ｃｏ２＋离子添加体系的凝胶化，分析了高分子电解质溶胶－凝胶相转移的实质，得到了体系相对粘度的临界指数ｋ＝０．９０～１．１４，与逾渗模型的预测值相吻合，探讨了松软粒子的形成对相转移临界点ｆｃ的影响，明确了临界点附近相对粘度的幂次公式ηｒｅｌ∝（ｆｃ—ｆ）－ｋ）的适用范围。     

聚合物保护贵金属纳米粒子的相转移技术

依据聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)在水中的溶解度随温度升高而降低的特性,建立了将PVP保护的金、银、铂纳米粒子从水相转移到油相的简单而有效的相转移技术.方法是利用电化学还原法先于水溶液中制备粒度均匀的金属纳米粒子,然后向电化学合成后的金属纳米水溶胶中加入适量正丁醇,在搅拌条件下升温至80℃即可使金属纳米粒子从水相转移至有机相.纳米粒子的相转移效率很高,而且相转移后粒子在油相中分散很好,没有团聚现象发生.在此基础上进一步建立在油水混合体系电化学合成金属纳米粒子的实验方法,为收集纳米粒子和制备纳米粒子薄膜提供了新的有效途径.     

银/聚电解质复合纳滤膜的制备及表征

利用层层自组装技术(LbL),采用原位还原方法在聚醚砜(PES)基膜上制备了银/聚电解质复合纳滤膜.SEM分析表明:膜表面结构致密,Ag粒子在复合膜中分布均匀,粒径100～200 nm,UV-vis图谱证明膜中粒子为Ag粒子,所得银/聚电解质纳滤膜呈现出优异的抗菌性能.[PSS/PDADMAC]3[PAS/PAH-Ag]3PSS膜对负二价离子显示出较高的截留性能,达到93%.     

溶剂效应与海藻酸钠溶液溶胶-凝胶相转移

以溶质、溶剂间的协同作用作为高分子电解质体系的凝胶化条件，以松软粒子结构（Blob）间的三维修滤过程作为体系的凝胶化模型，从而将高分子电解质体系的凝胶化分为松软粒子的形成和渗滤过程．结合不同浓度海藻酸钠溶液的Ca2＋离子深加体系的凝胶化，分析了高分子电解质溶胶-凝胶相转移的实质，得到了体系相对粘度的临界指数k＝0．90～0．97和相转移的临界点fc与聚合物浓度间的幂次关系fc～c-0.65，明确了临界点附近相对粘度的幂次公式ηrel∝（fc-f）-k的适用范围．     

Thin films of Ag nanoparticles prepared from the reduction of AgI nanoparticles in self-assembled films

A novel method for the preparation of thin films of Ag nanoparticles is reported. Using mercaptoacetic acid as the stabilizing agent, AgI nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution. And based on electrostatic interactions, the thiol-passivated AgI nanoparticles were assembled in a self-assembled film by alternative deposition with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Then the AgI nanoparticles in the composite film were reduced by NaBH(4), which resulted in the formation of a thin film of Ag nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the transformation from AgI to Ag. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the formed Ag nanoparticles distributed on the film homogeneously. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurement indicated that the prepared thin films could be used as effective SERS substrates. The reduction process was also carried out by UV light at selective surface regions, which resulted in the formation of patterned nanoparticle arrays.     

Assembly of metal nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite materials at the liquid/liquid interface

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-mediated self-assembly of metal (Au and Ag) nanoparticles at the liquid/liquid interface in the form of a stable nanocomposite film is reported. The metallic luster results from the electronic coupling of nanoparticles, suggesting the formation of closely packed nanoparticle thin films. The interfacial film could be transferred to mica substrates and carbon-coated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids. The transferred films were very stable for a prolonged time. The samples were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM results show that the films formed at the liquid/liquid interface are indeed composite materials consisting of CNTs and nanoparticles. XPS measurements further indicate the presence of the interaction between nanoparticles and CNTs.     

Electron transport in silver-semiconductor nanocomposite films exhibiting multicolor photochromism

In the multicolor photochromism of TiO2 nanoporous films loaded with photocatalytically deposited Ag nanoparticles, visible light-induced electron transfer from Ag to oxygen molecules plays an essential role. Here we examined the effect of TiO2 on the electron transfer. We found that not only photocatalytically deposited Ag, but also electrodeposited Ag and commercially available Ag nanoparticles in a nanoporous TiO2 film exhibit the multicolor photochromism. The electrodeposited Ag exhibits the multicolor photochromism also in a nanoporous ZnO film, but not in nanoporous indium-tin oxide (ITO) and SiO2 matrices. Photoelectrochemical measurements for the Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite elucidated that some of the photo-excited electrons on Ag are transferred to oxygen molecules via TiO2 and non-excited Ag. Thus, an n-type semiconductor plays an important role in the charge separation between the excited electrons and Ag+. Non-excited Ag on TiO2 also plays an important role in the charge separation and/or catalysis of oxygen reduction. Replacement of the non-excited Ag with Pt accelerated the electron transport from the photo-excited Ag to oxygen molecules and the photochromic behavior.     

Ag-PVA和Ag-PVA/TiO_2复合超薄膜的制备及性能研究

用3种方法制备了银纳米粒子-聚乙烯醇复合体系,其中用加热还原法所得体系中Ag纳米粒子的尺寸较大(15nm),其表面等离子体共振吸收峰较宽,最大吸收波长位于420nm;用室温硼氢化钠还原法得到的复合体系的吸收峰蓝移至409nm,且峰形较窄,Ag纳米粒子的平均粒径为8.7nm;低温NaBH4还原法所得体系吸收峰进一步蓝移至397nm,此时Ag纳米粒子粒径最小(3.5nm).将室温还原法所得Ag-PVA复合体系旋涂成膜,所得薄膜光滑、透明、均匀性好,该法适用于制备多层薄膜,以调控薄膜的厚度和光谱性质.将Ag-PVA复合体系与钛酸四丁酯(Ti(OnBu)4)的乙醇溶液交替旋涂得到Ag-PVA/TiO2有机/无机复合薄膜.紫外-可见吸收光谱研究表明,随着Ag-PVA层数的增加,薄膜的表面等离子体共振吸收强度呈线性增加,但是TiO2层数的增加对吸收光谱没有明显影响.Ag-PVA/TiO2有机/无机复合薄膜将金属纳米粒子、有机高分子与无机半导体材料结合在一起,这种多层纳米结构在光电、催化功能薄膜等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

铁表面银纳米粒子自组装膜及其缓蚀性能研究

应用化学还原法于水溶液中制备银纳米粒子.在十二烷基硫醇的保护下,将银纳米粒子从水相转移到甲苯相,并将处理好的铁电极浸泡在含有十二烷基硫醇保护的银纳米粒子/甲苯溶液中,制得十二烷基硫醇/银纳米粒子自组装混合膜.电化学方法如交流阻抗谱(EIS)、极化曲线等研究该自组装膜在0.5 mol.L-1H2SO4溶液中的缓蚀作用.XPS测试证实该自组装膜十二烷基硫醇和银纳米粒子之存在.     

Effect of Incorporation of Silver on the Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Titania Film

Metallic Ag nanoparticles-incorporating titania films were prepared using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, UV/Vis optical spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded to characterize the Ag/titania composite films. Electrometer was used to estimate the resistance of Ag/titania composite film to understand the effect of the incorporation of metallic Ag nanoparticles on the electrical properties of titania film. The results showed that metallic Ag nanoparticles distributed randomly in titania film and most metallic Ag particles size was in the range of 5–15 nm. The agglomeration of a small quantity of metallic Ag particles occurred and when the amount of Ag species was increased the agglomeration was enhanced. The resistance of Ag/titania composite films decreased greatly compared with pure titania film.     

水/甲苯界面制备均匀可循环SERS基底

采用在沸水浴中还原硅酸钠的方法制备壳层约为4 nm的Au@SiO2核壳纳米粒子,利用水/甲苯两相界面诱捕出其单粒子层膜并将其转移到硅片上.作为对比,采用化学方法在氧化锢锡(ITO)玻璃表面自组装了Au@ SiO2膜.以1,4-对苯二硫作为探针分子考察了它们的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)活性以及可循环使用性能.研究结果表...     

Selective dissolution of the silver component in colloidal Au and Ag multilayers: a facile way to prepare nanoporous gold film materials

Colloidal Au/Ag multilayer films were prepared by alternate assembly of Au nanoparticles with a size of 5 +/- 1.2 nm and Ag nanoparticles with a size of 10 +/- 2.4 nm by using 1,5-pentanedithiol as cross-linker. Nanoporous gold films with a ligament size of 26.7 +/- 4.6 nm were then prepared by selective dissolution of sacrificial templates of silver particles in colloidal Au/Ag multilayers. The complete dissolution of Ag particles in colloidal Au/Ag multilayers in a mixture solution of 3.0 mM HAuCl(4) and 3 M NaCl took place at room temperature without damage of the colloidal Au film. This method to prepare nanoporous gold films was further extended to the preparation of nanoporous gold nanotubes by depositing colloidal Au/Ag film on the inner wall of anodic aluminum oxides (AAO) followed by dissolution of colloidal Ag and removal of AAO templates.     

表面修饰Ag_2S纳米微粒的合成及摩擦学行为研究

在水醇混合介质中,采用同阳离子共沉淀法合成了有机化合物表面修饰的Ａｇ２Ｓ纳米微粒,在高速钢基底上制备成膜,研究了它的摩擦学特性。结果表明：修饰后的Ａｇ２Ｓ纳米微粒粒径小,性能稳定,在有机介质中分散成透明溶液。ＡｇＤＤＰ膜和Ａｇ２Ｓ ＤＤＰ膜均可显著降低钢基底的摩擦系数。研究证实表面修饰Ａｇ２Ｓ纳米微粒的摩擦作用机制是在较低负荷下表面修饰层起主要作用,在较高负荷下Ａｇ２Ｓ纳米核起主要的承载和减摩抗磨作用。     

Nanocomposites of genipin-crosslinked chitosan/silver nanoparticles--structural reinforcement and antimicrobial properties

This study investigates the feasibility of a novel nanocomposite (GC/Ag) of a genipin-crosslinked chitosan (GC) film in which was embedded various amounts of Ag nanoparticles for wound-dressing applications. In situ UV-vis results revealed that adding chitosan solution did not affect the characteristics of Ag nanoparticles. The water uptake ratios and surface hydrophilicity of the GC/Ag nanocomposite were better and the degradation rates slightly lower than those of the pure GC film. The presence of Ag nanoparticles enhanced L929 cell attachment and growth. Its function as an anti-microbial agent in a GC/Ag nanocomposite was assessed for Ag contents of over 100 ppm. In conclusion, silver ions had dual functions--structural reinforcement and provision of antimicrobial properties to a biocompatible polymer.