压电晶体微天平阵列传感器识别毒剂的研究

压电晶体微天平(QCM)阵列传感器在毒剂侦检领域具有广泛的应用前景。本研究建立了QCM阵列传感器毒剂检测系统,以氢键酸性共聚硅氧烷(BSP3)、聚表氯醇(PECH)和乙基纤维素(ECEL)为膜材料制备了对毒剂敏感的QCM阵列传感器,对沙林、芥子气、甲基膦酸二甲酯进行了定量检测,并结合模式识别方法对检测结果进行了分析处理,识别率达到98%以上,为探索QCM阵列传感器对毒剂的定性定量分析提供了方法依据。     

多壁碳纳米管对沙林的敏感性研究

自碳纳米管被发现以来,由于其具有许多独特的电学、磁学、力学和气敏特性而引起了人们广泛的关注,在结构增强、纳米电子器件、场发射、储氢、传感器等众多领域具有非常广阔的应用前景,成为当前研究的热点之一[1,2].近年来,随着碳纳米管在传感器特别是气体检测领域研究的不断深入,碳纳米管为敏感材料的传感器已成功应用于对O2、NO2、NH3、H2等气体的检测研究[3],其中对NO2的检测可达到10×10-9(φ),但尚未见碳纳米管用于毒剂检测的报道.本文以碳纳米管作为石英晶体微天平膜材料,研究了碳纳米管的化学修饰方法及其对检测沙林的影响,结果表明经强酸加热氧化的碳纳米管对沙林响应大、解吸快、重复性好,可以作为传感器检测沙林的膜材料.该研究为碳纳米管在化学毒剂中的应用奠定了基础.     

超支化敏感聚合物基于QCM检测痕量TNT爆炸物

为对TNT类爆炸物进行痕量检测,以石英晶体微天平(QCM)传感器为平台,用具有氢键酸性的氟化醇为敏感端基的超支化敏感聚合物材料构造了化学传感器。制备的QCM传感器可以在室温下对2.2×10~(-10)mol/L浓度以上的TNT气体进行响应;连续循环检测3次TNT气体未见信号衰减;对H_2O、乙醇、H_2、H_2S、SO_2、甲烷和NO_2等气体有良好的抗干扰能力;QCM传感器可以用于对TNT类爆炸物的痕量检测。     

基于氢键作用的杯芳烃超分子识别乙醇的传感机理及分析应用

采用4种杯芳烃衍生物为吸附涂膜材料, 考察了涂膜石英晶体微天平(QCM)传感器对环境大气中微量乙醇气体的识别性能, 发现C-乙基杯[4]连苯三酚芳烃(3)是识别乙醇气体最有效的活性涂膜材料. 制备了C-乙基杯[4]连苯三酚芳烃·2CH₃CH₂OH(5)单晶体并进行X射线衍射结构解析, 发现其识别机制是基于超分子主体3与客体乙醇分子之间形成的C-H…π, O-H…π及O-H…O氢键作用. 当涂膜质量为24.70 μg 时, 涂膜QCM传感器对乙醇的响应最灵敏, 达到10.53 Hz/(mg·L^-1). 分析了乙醇气体的吸附和解吸附动力学过程, 得到传感器对乙醇气体吸附和解吸附的初速度分别为-0.04600 Hz/s和0.03896 Hz/s. 该方法响应快, 具有选择性、 可逆性、 重现性和稳定性好的优点, 对乙醇样品测定的回收率为94.8% ~105.2%, 与气相色谱法的测定结果一致, 表明该方法可用于生活环境中乙醇气体的检测.     

甲基磷酸二甲酯气体的石英晶体微天平流动检测方法研究

制作了以乙基纤维素为敏感膜的石英晶体微天平(QCM)传感器,设计了可配制不同气体浓度的QCM流动检测系统,并用气相色谱/火焰光度检测器(GC/FPD)作为气体浓度的分析手段,建立了QCM流动检测方法。用该方法对甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)的分析结果表明,在16.5~1.47×103μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.998 8),检出限可达1.64μg/L,RSD为4.21%。该方法稳定性好,灵敏度高,重现性好,为进一步研究化学战剂的检测提供了方法和依据。     

不同种类敏感膜修饰的QCM气体传感器研究现状

石英晶体微天平(quartz crystal microbalance,QCM)是一种对质量变化敏感的器件,具有灵敏度高、成本低廉、操作简单、可实时在线检测等优点,在气体传感领域受到了广泛关注。敏感材料是石英晶体微天平气体传感器的关键组成部分,本文综述了不同敏感材料包括有机聚合物、超分子化合物、离子液体和分子液体以及近年来备受关注的纳米材料修饰的QCM对特定气体传感检测的研究现状,详细介绍了纳米材料为敏感膜的QCM气体传感器对不同气体传感检测的研究现状及相关敏感机理。最后,在国内外研究现状的基础上,展望了敏感材料的发展前景。QCM作为一种成本低廉、操作方便、测量精度高的气体传感检测器件,将会有更加广阔的应用前景。     

电化学石英晶体微天平研究普鲁士蓝修饰电极

石英晶体徽天平(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,简称QCM)是一种非常灵敏的质量传感器,其检测能力可达ng级。QCM在化学中的早期应用是检测大气中的徽量成分,目前仍较活跃。由于石英压电晶体浸入溶液后在晶体/溶液界面存在较大的能量损失而不能够稳定振荡,致使QCM的应用较长时间局限于气相。八十年代初石英压电晶体在液相中的振荡终获成功,开辟了QCM应用的一个全新领域。液相中振荡成功后,QCM很快应用于电化学研究。目前已发展成为一种全新的电化学传感器——电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM),并已用于金属电沉积、电化学腐蚀、电分析等方面的研究。     

尖晶石型LiMn2O4薄膜电极的制备及电化学性质研究──电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术研究

石英晶体微天平(QCM)作为纳克级的质量传感器,可通过测定石英晶体振动频率的变化来测定石英晶体表面微小的质量变化.近年来,电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术已广泛应用于电化学研究领域[1].在锂嵌入型电极充放电过程中,锂离子在嵌基材料中嵌入脱出会引起电极质量的微小变化,因而利用EQCM技术研究Li+的嵌入脱出过程有其独到之处.     

利于透过CO2的纤维素酯/离子液体复合膜

目前,以CO2为主的温室气体的大量排放导致温室效应加剧,造成全球变暖,已成为全球最关注的环境问题之一.因此,CO2的分离回收成为大家关注的焦点.现有的膜分离方法凭借成本低、效率高、工艺简单和可靠性高等优点应用十分广泛,膜技术用于CO2/CH4和CO2/N2分离已有30多年的历史[1].在各种分离膜材料中,高分子材料占主导地位.各种新型高分子气体分离膜材料被研究报道[2],其中包括用于CO2选择性分离的高分子膜材料[3].但高分子膜多存在生产工艺复杂、成本较高等缺点,并且其渗透性能和选择性能存在此消彼长的制约关系[4].因此,制备低成本、绿色环保且兼     

声表面波化学传感器膜材料的研究进展

声表面波(Surface Acoustic Wave,简称SAW)化学传感器是一种可用于现场实时检测的气敏传感器,具有体积小、选择性好、信号响应快等特点,其中敏感膜材料是决定其性能的关键因素。本文主要介绍了传感器的工作原理,敏感膜与吸附气体之间的作用力,对膜材料的选择及性能影响因素进行了详细阐述。重点介绍了现有膜材料的分类及应用,主要有有机聚合物膜、无机物膜、超分子膜和复合膜,比较了它们的优缺点。对现有成果进行总结,同时提出了传感器膜材料的发展趋势。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.