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1.
TiO2纳米粒子制备方法对其光催化活性的影响   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
尚静  徐自力等 《分子催化》2001,15(4):282-286
分别用胶溶法、金属醇盐水解法和低温水解法制备了TiO2纳米粒子;采用XRD和BET技术,测试了TiO2粒子的粒径、晶型及表面积。以庚烷的气相光催化氧化为探针反应,考察了不同方法、不同温度处理的TiO2粒子的光催化活性。结果表明,以胶溶法和金属醇盐水解法制备的TiO2粒子,随焙烧温度的增加TiO2粒子长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变,光催化活性降低。用低温水解法,可在低温下制得金红石型TiO2粒子,但其催化活性很低。说明由原料和制备方法所决定的TiO2粒子的物理化学性质,影响其光催化行为。锐钛矿型TiO2粒子催化活性较金红石型TiO2好。这是由于前者的表面羟基含量较高且带隙能较大的缘故。  相似文献   

2.
用TiO2,ZnO及Fe2O3纳米粒子光催化氧化庚烷的反应   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
 制备了三种n-型半导体氧化物TiO2,ZnO和Fe2O3纳米粒子,用X射线衍射和N2吸附技术分别对它们的结构及比表面积进行了表征.考察了三种氧化物粒子对庚烷的气相光催化氧化反应的催化活性.研究表明,对于同种催化剂,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂的粒径增大,比表 面积减小,光催化活性下降.三种催化剂纳米粒子的光催化活性顺序为TiO2(锐钛矿)>ZnO>Fe2O3,金红石型TiO2粒子的催化活性低于ZnO粒子.结合能带理论探讨了三种催化剂光催化活性差异的原因.  相似文献   

3.
张敬畅  李青  曹维良 《催化学报》2003,24(11):831-834
 以TiCl4和Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级TiO2-ZnO(7~10nm)复合催化剂,并用XRD和TEM等手段进行了表征.以苯酚光催化降解为模型反应对所制备催化剂的催化性能进行了评价.结果表明,与单组分TiO2及普通干燥法制备的TiO2-ZnO催化剂相比较,纳米TiO2-ZnO复合粒子的光催化活性有较大提高.用超临界干燥法制备的催化剂具有粒径小、分布窄、比表面积大、分散性好和光催化活性高等特点.采用超临界流体干燥法可直接制得纳米TiO2(锐钛矿型)-ZnO(非晶态)复合催化剂,可实现干燥、晶化一步完成.复合催化剂中ZnO的最佳掺入量为x(ZnO)=0.8%.超临界流体干燥法是制备纳米材料的一种新技术,具有产物容易收集和溶剂可回收利用等优点.  相似文献   

4.
超临界流体干燥法制备TiO2/C纳米粒子及光催化性能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以TiCl4为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法(SCFD)制备了纳米级TiO2/C复合光催化剂.以苯酚的光催化降解对所得催化剂的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,纳米TiO2/C复合粒子与单组分TiO2比较,复合粒子光催化活性高于单组分的TiO2,h苯酚降解率高达975 %,COD为957%.并用XRD、TEM、 UV-Vis和XPS等手段进行了表征,iO2以锐钛矿型形式存在.比较了不同制备方法制得的TiO2/C复合催化剂,得出超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小,比表面积大,分散性好,光催化活性高等特点.  相似文献   

5.
Ag/TiO2复合纳米催化剂的制备和表征及其光催化活性   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
 采用光还原沉积贵金属法,制备了Ag/TiO2复合纳米催化剂.通过调节溶液的pH值控制TiO2表面负载银的形貌,利用AAS,XRD,TEM和XPS等手段对样品进行了表征.以苯胺氧化为模型反应,考察了Ag/TiO2复合纳米催化剂样品的光催化活性以及银沉积量和沉积形貌对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,通过调控光还原沉积条件,可在平均粒径为24nm左右的TiO2颗粒上获得3nm左右均匀分散的银粒子;在TiO2上沉积适量的具有较高分散度的金属Ag,能有效提高TiO2对苯胺氧化反应的光催化活性.  相似文献   

6.
载体对负载型TiO2催化剂光催化性能的影响   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
 以活性碳(AC)和镁铝尖晶石(MA)为载体,采用真空吸附水解法制备了负载型光催化剂TiO2/AC和TiO2/MA,并采用TiO2溶胶负载法制备了活性碳负载催化剂TiO2(C)/AC.以氯仿为探针分子研究了其在催化剂上的吸附及光催化降解反应性能.结果表明,催化剂的制备方法、TiO2负载量与载体的吸附性能对光催化活性有明显的影响.通过优化制备条件,TiO2/AC催化剂的催化活性可提高到纳米TiO2的2.5倍.氯仿在AC上的饱和吸附量较高,但吸附强度较弱;在纳米TiO2上的吸附情况则正好相反.氯仿在AC和TiO2上吸附性质的差异有利于吸附在TiO2/AC上的氯仿分子从活性碳载体向TiO2光催化活性中心迁移.镁铝尖晶石载体对光催化反应没有明显的促进作用,与其基本上不吸附氯仿分子有关.与TiO2胶体负载法相比,真空吸附水解法是一种较好的负载型TiO2光催化剂制备方法.  相似文献   

7.
利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基底表面制备一层TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,然后通过水热反应在TiO2纳米管上负载CdS纳米粒子,形成CdS/TiO2纳米管的复合结构。利用SEM、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了CdS/TiO2纳米管的光电性能和光催化活性,结果表明,相比于TiO2纳米管,CdS/TiO2纳米管复合结构在紫外光和可见光下都具有更好的光催化活性及光电性能。  相似文献   

8.
异质结型Er2O3/TiO2复合纳米纤维制备及光催化性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用静电纺丝技术与溶剂热法相结合,制备了异质结型Er2O3/TiO2复合纳米纤维光催化材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等分析测试手段对材料进行表征,并以罗丹明B(RB)的脱色降解为模式反应,考察了材料的光催化性能。实验结果表明:Er2O3纳米粒子均匀地负载在TiO2纤维上,形成了异质型Er2O3/TiO2复合纳米纤维光催化材料,拓宽了光谱响应范围,有利于TiO2光生电子和空穴的分离,增强了体系的量子效率。与纯TiO2纳米纤维相比光催化活性明显提高,对RB的紫外光降解率达93.93%。  相似文献   

9.
纳米SnO2@TiO2包覆催化剂的制备及表征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用活性层包覆法在自制细SnO2胶体粒子表面包覆TiO2,制备出SnO2@TiO2包覆型复合催化剂,以其对有机磷农药DDVP的降解效果作为评价光催化活性的标准,对制备条件进行了优化,并用XRD、TEM和BET等手段对样品进行了表征,结果表明,SnO2胶体乙醇溶液含水量20%,钛酸丁酯质量分数为34.5%。灼烧温度680℃时制得TiO2含量56.45%的包覆样品SnO2@TiO2为纳米级粒子,且其光催化活性最佳。  相似文献   

10.
ZnO和TiO2粒子的光催化活性及其失活与再生   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
 利用XRD,TEM,BET和UV-Vis等测试技术对商品的ZnO及TiO2和纳米ZnO及TiO2粒子进行了表征.无论是商品的还是纳米的,在光催化氧化降解气相n-C7H16和SO2及液相苯酚的反应中,TiO2均表现出比ZnO高的光催化活性,并从光腐蚀性和表面电荷两方面分析了其原因.在光催化氧化降解n-C7H16的反应中,ZnO粒子易失活,而TiO2粒子不易失活.但是,在光催化氧化降解SO2的反应中,ZnO和TiO2粒子均易失活.SPS和XPS测试结果表明,光催化剂表面的导电类型由反应前的n型变成了失活后的p型.这主要是由于反应产物发生吸附所致.失活后的光催化剂可以通过浸洗和干燥再生.  相似文献   

11.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了易于固液分离的活性炭(AC)负载磁性光催化剂(TiO2-Fe3O4/AC).样品通过SEM-EDX和X射线衍射法进行表征.通过在紫外光照射下降解亚甲基蓝评价其光催化降解能力.结果表明:负载22%Fe3O4的光催化剂(含20%TiO2和58%AC)的光催化活性最强(120min时亚甲基蓝的降解率达到87%,是纯TiO2的2.7倍);磁性光催化剂可实现磁分离回收.  相似文献   

12.
TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. TiO2 was loaded on Bi12TiO20. The photocatalyst with different TiO2 loading was calcined at 723 K. The photocatalytic activity of decomposition gaseous benzene was investigated in a batch reactor. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance. The result showed that TiO2/Bi12TiO20 absorbed much more ultraviolet light than Ti02 in the ultraviolet light region and showed red shift. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalyst can greatly promote the photocatalytic activity. The 2.0% TiO2/Bi12TiO20 system exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity.  相似文献   

13.
通过反胶束和静电自组装方法制备了一种类蛋结构的可磁分离光催化剂纳米材料SiO2@NiFe2O4@TiO2(TSN), 这种光催化剂对甲基橙废水有较好的降解效果, 并显示出了超顺磁性, 通过外加磁场方便地实现催化剂在水中的分离与回收. 该光催化剂纳米球的X射线衍射, TEM和FTIR结果表明, 铁酸镍纳米粒子被包裹在SiO2内, 形成SiO2@NiFe2O4(SN)纳米球载体, 纳米TiO2颗粒组装在SN表面, 形成TiO2光催化壳层. 利用甲基橙的降解考察了光催化剂纳米球的活性, 结果表明, 在NiFe2O4和TiO2之间包覆一层无定形的SiO2可以显著提高光催化剂纳米球TSN的催化活性.  相似文献   

14.
活性炭负载TiO2光催化氧化二苯并噻吩的研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
以活性炭负载的TiO2为光催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,30W紫外灯为光源,对含二苯并噻吩(DBT)的模型硫化物进行光催化氧化脱硫研究。考察了TiO2的煅烧温度、负载量、催化剂用量、H2O2用量和光照时间对DBT去除率的影响。实验结果表明,用溶胶 凝胶法制备的TiO2 /活性炭催化剂对DBT具有很好的光催化效果。最佳反应条件为,催化剂煅烧温度400℃,TiO2的负载量为32%,催化剂用量0.7g/100mL, H2O2最佳用量为10mL,即O/S(摩尔比)为14。在最佳反应条件下,光照时间8h,DBT去除率为90%, 此反应为一级动力学反应。  相似文献   

15.
2-仲丁基-4,6-二硝基苯酚(DNBP)作为杀虫剂、除草剂和烯烃基芳香族化合物阻聚剂而被广泛地应用于工农业生产中.在 DNBP生产和使用过程中,会产生大量难以降解的有机废水,从而对人类和生态环境造成极大危害.因此,开展含 DNBP废水的处理技术和方法研究具有重要的现实意义. TiO2半导体材料由于具有良好的光化学特性和电化学行为,近几十年来一直是光催化领域的研究热点.在能量等于或大于 TiO2的带隙能级的辐照光照射下, TiO2可以产生光生电子/空穴对(e-/h+).光生电子和空穴分别与 TiO2表面被吸附的 H2O和 O2分子反应,生成具有强氧化性的活性羟基自由基(?OH),对硝基酚类有机污染物具有较强的降解能力. TiO2光催化反应属于非均相反应,反应在催化剂的表面进行,催化剂对污染物的吸附是影响其催化降解性能的重要因素.但是,传统 TiO2光催化剂存在比表面积小,对有机污染物吸附能力差,光生电子与空穴易于复合等缺陷,限制了 TiO2光催化技术的进一步发展和在水处理领域中的大规模应用.我们基于气凝胶具有多孔性、大比表面积和高孔隙率的特点,以富含硅、铝的工业废弃物粉煤灰为反应原料,首先利用碱熔法和常压干燥技术制备出 SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶.在此基础上,以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为反应前体, SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶为载体,利用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)制备出 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂.利用 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等分析测试技术对所制备的 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂结构进行了表征.结果显示,在 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂中,粒径尺寸为10~30 nm的锐钛矿型 TiO2纳米颗粒均匀分散在 SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶载体上. TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂呈现典型介孔材料的 IV型等温线. SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶的加入极大提高了 TiO2光催化剂的比表面积和对有机污染物的吸附性能,但是对 TiO2光波吸收范围影响不大.在制备出 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂基础上,进一步对其在可见光条件下的光催化性能进行了研究.以500 W的 Xe灯光源模拟自然太阳光, DNBP为探针污染物分子,系统考察了可见光照射条件下溶液 pH值、光催化剂用量、光反应时间、DNBP溶液初始浓度不同因素对 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂催化活性的影响.结果表明, TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂对 DNBP有机污染物的吸附率和光降解率明显高于纯 TiO2样品.在 DNBP溶液初始浓度为0.167 mmol/L, pH =4.86,催化剂用量6 g/L,光照时间5 h的条件下, TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂对 DNBP的降解率几乎高达100%.根据 Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程,在低浓度下光催化降解反应符合一级反应动力学.所制备的 TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂具有良好的稳定性和重复利用性能.重复利用5次后, TiO2/SiO2-Al2O3气凝胶三元复合光催化剂对 DNBP的降解率仍高达90%以上.利用紫外-可见分光光度计、气相-质谱联用仪对 DNBP降解中间产物进行了分析,探讨了 DNBP的光催化降解机理.  相似文献   

16.
碘掺杂对纳米TiO2催化剂光催化活性的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
用溶胶-凝胶法制得了碘掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂, 考察了诸因素对相结构的影响, 这对深入揭示I-TiO2光催化降解有机物的本质具有重要意义.  相似文献   

17.
TiO2 has attracted considerable attention due to its stability, non-toxicity, low cost, and great potential for use as a photocatalyst in environmental applications. Since strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) of titania-supported noble metals was first reported in 1978, titania supported catalyst has been intensively studied in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the effective catalytic activity was restricted due to the low surface area of TiO2. Recently, TiO2-based nanotubes were extensively investigated because of their potentials in many areas such as highly efficient photocatalysis and hydrogen sensor.In the present study, formation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotubes was carried out by hydrothermal method, with TiO2 nanoparticle-powders immersed in concentrated NaOH solution in an autoclave at 110 ℃. Preparation of nano-size Pt on TiO2-nanoparticles or TiO2-nanotubes was performed by photochemical deposition method with UV irradiation on an aqueous solution containing TiO2 and hexachloroplatinic acid or tetrachloroauric acid. The TEM micrographs show that TiO2-nanotubes exhibit ~300 nm in length with an inner diameter of ~ 6 nm and the wall thickness of ~ 2 nm, and homogeneous nanosize Pt particles (~ 2 nm) were well-dispersed on both nanoparticle- and nanotube- titania supports. It also shows the nanotube morphology was retained up2o n Pt-immobilization. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K resulted a high surface area (~ 200m/g) of TiO2-nanotubes, which is about 40 times greater than that of "mother" TiO2 nanoparticles (~5 m/g). All the spectroscopic results exhibited that the nanotube structure was not significantly affected by the immobilized Pt particles. Ti K-edge XANES spectra of TiO2 nanotube and Pt/TiO2-nanotube represent that most titanium are in a tetrahedral coordination with few retained in the octahedral structure.In the in-situ FT-IR experiments, an IR cell was evacuated to a pressure of 10-5 torr at room temperature as soon as the catalyst-pellet, Pt/TiO2 or Pt/TiO2-nanotube, was placed inside the cell.Then, 60 torr of hydrogen was introduced into the cell and subsequently the temperature was programmed to increase from room temperature to 300℃ at a constant heating rate of 5℃/min.For Pt/TiO2, an IR peak at 2083 em-1 started to appear at 200℃ with a maximum intensity at 250℃ and then decreasing as temperature increased. The 2083 em-1 IR peak corresponds to the linearly adsorption of CO on the well-dispersed Pt sites. Simultaneously, the IR bands of gaseous methane at 3016 em-1 started to appear at 225℃ and the peak intensity increased with temperature. The results reveal that Pt/TiO2 can adsorb gaseous CO2 and further catalyzes the reduction of CO2 by H2 through the intermediate CO, which further produces gaseous methane. While for the Pt/TiO2-nanotube catalyst, methane was produced at relatively low temperature, 100℃, and it catalyzed the direct conversion of CO2 to CH4. The absence of intermediate CO-adsorption signals durinng the temperature programmed process indicates that the prepared TiO2 nanotube-supported nanosize Pt possesses a potent capability for CO2 adsorption and highly catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of CO2, and was superior to the conventional Pt/TiO2 catalyst. The catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2-nanotube was indeed significantly enhanced by the high surface area of TiO2-nanotubes.Details will be discussed.  相似文献   

18.
以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)改性的TiO2光催化剂.考查了不同CNT含量的光催化剂的催化活性,结果农明CNT的质量分数为0.3%时对甲基橙具有最佳的降解效果,100min的降解率接近90%,明显高于纯TiO2.采用XRD、IR和UV—vis对光催化剂进行了表征,光催化剂的粒径经计算为20nm~30nm,红外光漕中改性TiO2有羰基吸收峰,紫外光谱中改性TiO2的吸收出现明显红侈.  相似文献   

19.
In this report, TiO(2) -SiO(2) composite nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal hydrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride and tetraethylorthosilicate as TiO(2) and SiO(2) precursors, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicated that, in comparison with pure TiO(2), TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles had a higher thermal stability, which prevents phase transformation from anatase to rutile. In addition, the TiO(2)-SiO(2) nanoparticles had a higher specific surface area, larger pore volume, greater band gap energy and smaller crystallite size. Thus, the surface area of TiO(2)-40% SiO(2) composite nanoparticles was about 17 times higher than that of pure TiO(2) nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles in the photodegradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 was investigated. The photodegradation rate of Basic Violet 2 using TiO(2)-40% SiO(2) nanoparticles calcined at 600°C was much faster than that using pure TiO(2) and Degussa P25 TiO(2) by 10.9 and 4.3 times, respectively. The higher photoactivity of the TiO(2)-SiO(2) composite nanoparticles was attributed to their higher surface area, larger pore volume, greater band-gap energy and smaller crystallite size compared with pure TiO(2).  相似文献   

20.
Dendrimer-protected TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrolysis of TiCl4 in solutions of poly(amido amine) dendrimers (64 terminals) under cooling. The morphology of dendrimers surrounding TiO2 nanoparticles depended on the terminal groups (amine, carboxyl, hydroxy) of dendrimers. The size (4.4-6.7 nm) of dendrimer-protected TiO2 nanoparticles was slightly smaller than that (7.5 nm) of bare TiO2 nanoparticles. The photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid revealed that dendrimer-protected TiO2 nanoparticles are more active as a photocatalyst than TiO2 nanoparticles without protectors. This suggests that the dendrimer acts as a reservoir of photoreacting reagents besides acting as a protector of nanoparticles.  相似文献   

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