氨基改性聚醚型聚硅氧烷的制备及其柔软性能研究

用含氢硅油、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、烯基聚醚的硅氢化加成产物-聚醚/环氧硅油与胺反应制得了氨基改性聚醚型聚硅氧烷（APEPS）,对其结构与性能进行了表征和研究。结果表明,含氢硅油分子量、有机胺结构、氨基改性聚醚型聚硅氧烷的硅含量对APEPS性能有影响。提高硅含量、增加氨值,可改善APEPS的柔软性与滑爽感,但对织物的吸湿性影响不大。     

聚醚改性硅氧烷的合成

利用低含氢硅油与端烯丙基聚氧烯醚进行硅氢加成反应合成了不含活泼氢的聚醚改性硅氧烷(1),羟值52.5 mgKOH·g-1,其结构经IR表征.由正交试验得到合成1的较佳反应条件为:n(Si-H):n(C=C)=1.0:1.1,催化剂H2PtCl6 20 mg·kg-1,于110℃反应3,5 h.     

高效有机硅消泡剂的研制与应用

以二甲基硅油、疏水气相二氧化硅制成的硅膏和聚醚改性硅油为主要成份,Span-60、Twen-60为乳化剂,采用高速剪切乳化搅拌方式将水相在油相中进行乳化,制备出高效乳液型有机硅消泡剂。研究了各主要成分的含量及乳化温度对消泡剂性能的影响,得到的最佳配方为:硅膏的质量分数分别为12%,聚醚改性硅油4%,HLB值为9.5的复配乳化剂6%。制备的有机硅消泡剂的稳定性及消泡抑泡性能较好,适用范围广。     

硅改性密封剂的进展

简要地回顾了硅改性聚醚和硅改性聚氨酯密封剂的出现和发展 ,对硅改性聚醚和硅改性聚氨酯的制备作了简要的介绍 ,并对硅改性密封剂的配方、性能和应用作了进一步阐述。     

聚醚硅油对聚苯乙烯表面极性的改性

聚醚硅油对聚苯乙烯表面极性的改性;变角衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱;接触角;表面极性;聚醚硅油;表面能     

二硅烷表面活性剂的合成与表面性能测定

合成了一种新型有机硅表面活性剂——聚醚改性二硅烷。首先以(CH3)3SiCl和(CH3)2HSiCl为原料,金属钠作还原偶合剂,二甲苯作溶剂,用Wurtz偶合法合成了含氢二硅烷,对其结构进行了红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱和气相色谱表征,并确定了合成最佳反应条件:n((CH3)3SiCl)∶n((CH3)2HSiCl)=1.2∶1,反应物浓度为1.8 mol/L,助剂15-冠醚-5用量为总反应原料质量的2%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为11 h。再以合成的含氢二硅烷和甲基封端烯丙基聚醚(Mr=400)为原料,在Karstedt铂催化剂作用下进行硅氢加成反应,合成了聚醚改性二硅烷表面活性剂,确定的合成反应最佳温度为95℃,时间为4 h;该表面活性剂的表面张力为22.49 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为0.9 g/L,在pH值为6.94和4.12的水溶液中,具有良好的水解稳定性。     

硅氧烷表面改性聚醚酯聚酰亚胺的研究

通过两种方法。即将γ-氨丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷和对氨基苯甲酸酯封端的聚(四亚甲基)醚与均苯四甲酸二酐共缩聚,和将两种预制的聚酰胺酸溶液共混,合成了一组硅氧烷改性的聚醚酯聚酰亚胺材料。ESCA能谱和表面水接触角测量研究材料的表面性质发现,硅氧烷在材料表面富集,对聚醚酯聚酰亚胺材料具有显著的表面改性作用,硅氧烷改性的聚醚酯聚酰亚胺,其热稳定性能和气体透过性能有一定程度的提高,但抗张强度和介电性能有所降低。     

加成型交链聚硅氧烷玻璃毛细管柱（ACOT）的研制及评价

 ]本文介绍一种加成交链方法制备交链毛细管柱，此方法采用端基含乙烯基的低分子量的甲基乙烯基硅油和含氢硅油在微量铂催化剂作用下室温加成，交链同时伴有链增大，使低分子量硅油交链并聚合形成高热稳定性的硅弹性体。玻璃毛细管柱采用氟化氢铵蚀刻法进行表面粗糙化，玻璃表面钝化采用六甲基二氨硅烷（HDMS）和含氢硅油钝化方法并收到了较好的效果。采用此方法制备出的玻璃毛细管柱，非极性、中极性柱理论板数高达4000块／m，并可在320℃～340℃下程序升温使用，氰乙基硅橡胶柱程序升温可到260℃，经Grob混合物评价，吸附较小，是一种低流失，耐高温、液膜不可抽提的高效柱。     

氨基硅油的合成

本文用丙烯胺与含氢硅油加成法合成了氨中和当量为６００—１４００的氨基改性硅油。在研究了反应温度，滴胺时间，催化剂用量，投料比及持续保温反应时间等五个条件的改变对产品的影响基础上，得出最佳反应条件。     

聚醚聚季铵盐反相破乳剂的合成与破乳性能评价

通过将环氧醚和甲基醚分别加到含氢硅油的基本骨架上,合成环氧醚甲基醚共改性硅油中间体。通过环氧氯丙烷和正二丁胺亲核加成反应得到聚-2-羟基丙基二丁基氯化铵,与有机交联剂多乙烯多胺交联得到聚季铵盐。再将共改性硅油与聚季铵盐进行环氧开环反应,得到聚醚聚季铵盐水包油型反相破乳剂。利用FTIR和1H NMR分析了聚醚季铵盐型水包油型反相破乳剂的结构,考察了破乳条件对破乳性能的影响。实验结果表明,在适宜的破乳条件(破乳剂用量100 mg/L、破乳时间4 h、破乳温度为65℃)下,使用聚醚季铵盐型水包油型反相破乳剂的除油率94.9%,破乳后污水含油量为25.8 mg/L,破乳性能优于聚醚季铵盐破乳剂。     

官能团转化法制备羧基硅油及其柔软性能研究

用氨值为0．2895mmol/g、－／Mn=52650的氨丙基硅油（APS）与环状二元酸酐如琥珀酸酐（SA）、马来酸酐（MA）、邻苯二甲酸酐（PA）反应得了三种不同羟基烃基的硅油（CAS）,对其结构,性能进行了表征和测定。实验结果表明：三种CAS均能改善聚酯／粘胶纤维织物的柔软弹性,撕裂和断裂强度,但PA改性APS制备的CAS－3硅油,其分子侧链中的邻羧基苯甲酰基对硅油的柔软性能有影响;另外较高分子量的CAS能捉供织物更好的柔软性,而羧值变化对织物的吸湿性,回弹性影响较大,但对织物的柔性影响较小。     

Hydrophilicity Modification of Addition-cured Room Temperature Vulcanization Silicone Rubber

Allyl terminated polyether was used to improve the hydrophilicity of addition-cured room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber. With the increasing of the polyether, both the hydrophilicity and water absorbed of the vulcanizates were increased. The mechanical properties were also improved by adding the polyether. The result showed that 1.5wt% of the polyether provided the silicone rubber with proper hydrophilicity.     

支状嵌段聚醚的界面聚集行为及对原油乳状液的破乳作用

合成了三种不同聚氧丙烯/聚氧乙烯(PPO/PEO)比例的含苯环支状嵌段聚醚, 通过界面张力、界面流变、表面压以及对原油乳状液的破乳脱水效果的测定, 考察了其界面聚集行为和破乳作用对PEO含量和分子量的依赖性, 并且对比研究了三种支状聚醚分子交联前后的破乳性能. 结果表明, PEO含量高且分子量大者,其单分子界面占据面积大, 在油/水界面达到吸附平衡的时间短, 其油/水界面扩张模量及扩张弹性均高于PEO含量较少者. 但是对原油乳状液的破乳脱水效果则是PEO含量居中的聚醚最好. 温度影响和交联与否的研究表明, 交联并不能提高分子量较大的聚醚对原油乳状液的破乳效果, 温度对聚醚分子交联前后的破乳效果有不同的影响规律. 本研究可为原油集输过程中化学品的选择与应用提供一定的依据.     

端噁唑啉聚醚对环氧树脂的固化与增韧作用的研究

用IR、DSC等分析方法研究了端2-(口恶)唑啉聚环氧丙烷(活性聚醚)与环氧树脂的固化反应,对固化机理作了讨论。并考察了不同分子量活性聚醚对环氧树脂的增韧作用。结果表明,此活性聚醚对环氧树脂增韧效果明显,固化树脂综合性能较好。     

聚醚环氧化合物的合成及其改性环氧树脂的研究

本文采用原料易得、价廉而分子量较大的聚醚树脂合成相应的聚醚环氧化合物及其胺的预反应物,研究其对环氧树脂的改性效果,用红外光谱、差热分析和透视电镜研究其相结构。     

Study on dynamics characteristics of wet air oxidation of non-ionic surfactants

Wet air oxidation is an effective method to deal with highly concentrated nondegradable emulsification wastewater which contains non-ionic surfactants. This article illustrates our investigation on dynamic characteristics of wet air oxidation of typical non-ionic surfactants like polyether, phenol ether and widely used alcohol ether. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation rate of polyether, phenol ether and alcohol ether obviously ascended as the temperature rose. A good oxidation effect was available at 240℃. The TOC removal rate could reach 88.0%, 94% and 91.5%, after 125 min reaction. Alcohol ether was prone to an easier oxidation compared with polyether and phenol ether when the temperature was 220℃ or below. The oxidation rate of alcohol ether was higher than that of polyether at 160℃, while the oxidation rate of polyether was higher than that of phenol ether between 180℃ and 220℃. During the later period of the reaction at 240℃, the rate of phenol ether was higher than that of alcohol ether, which was still higher than that of polyether. Partitioned first order kinetics model analy-sis showed that the apparent activation energy of alcohol ether was lower than that of both polyether and phenol ether in the leading stage and lagging stage, and it was easy to acquire a higher oxidation rate for alcohol ether at low temperature. Three parameter general dynamics model analyses showed that the reason why the oxidation rate of polyether was lower than that of alcohol ether was that the oxidation of polyether was more apt to be converted to intermediate production than that of alcohol ether, whereas between 200℃ and 220℃, the direct oxidation rate of polyether and the oxidation rate of intermediate product were obviously lower than that of alcohol ether. The apparent activation energy of direct and indirect oxidation of polyether was 43.37 and 60.45 kJ?mol?1, respectively, while the corre-sponding apparent activation energy of alcohol was 38.74 and 58.09 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

单组分阴离子聚氨酯水乳液结构与性能

随着人们环保意识的增强和许多国家环保法规中对挥发性有机化合物 ( VOC)排放的限定 ,传统的溶剂型材料的应用愈来愈受到限制 .广大研究人员着眼于开发对环境低污染或无污染的水性材料、粉末材料、以及光固化材料等替代品 [1,2 ] .其中水性材料以其节能、对环境和工作人员危害小而受到普遍重视 .国内对聚氨酯乳液已有研究开发 .目前主要问题是原料处理要求高 ,乳液固含量低 ( 3 0 %左右 ) ,体系粘度大 .本文研究无需对原料高要求处理条件下 ,合成固含量超过3 5% ,体系粘度相对较低的乳液 .聚环氧乙烯多元醇 ( PPG) ,2 ,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯 …     

几种无定型聚芳醚砜(酮)的成环解聚及产物的开环聚合

几种线性高分子量的无定型聚芳醚砜(酮)在非质子极性溶剂二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中，以氟化铯(CsF)为催化剂进行解聚成环，所得环状低聚物由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和激光质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)确认，其中酚酞聚醚砜(PES-C)和酚酞聚醚酮(PEK-C)的解聚成环率分别高达86．3％和87．9％．讨论了影响成环率的各种因素．环状产物又在阴离子引发剂联苯双酚钾的作用下进行开环聚合重新得到高分子量的线性产物．     

Synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of epoxy‐functional siloxane monomers and oligomers

A series of difunctional silicon‐containing monomers were prepared with a novel method consisting of the monohydrosilation of an α,ω‐difunctional Si? H‐terminated siloxane with a vinyl‐functional epoxide or oxetane followed by the dehydrodimerization of the resulting Si? H‐functional intermediate. This method used simple, readily available starting materials and could be conducted as a streamlined one‐pot, two‐step synthesis. This novel method was also applied to the synthesis of several epoxy–silicone oligomers. The reactivities of these new monomers and oligomers were examined with Fourier transform real‐time infrared spectroscopy and optical pyrometry. Those monomers containing epoxycyclohexyl groups displayed excellent reactivity in cationic ring‐opening polymerization in the presence of lipophilic onium salt photoinitiators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3056–3073, 2003