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1.
微波辐射技术在活性炭制备中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对微波辐射技术在活性炭的活化、表面改性及再生过程中的研究进展进行了概述。微波功率是影响活性炭的活化、改性、再生及其吸附性能和得率的主要因素之一。众多实验结果表明,微波辐射技术是制备活性炭材料和提高活性炭吸附性能的有效途径。  相似文献   

2.
微波改性活性炭用于烟气脱硫脱硝的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在用浓硝酸、氢氧化钾化学改性活性炭的基础上,使用专门设计的微波发生器对活性炭进行热处理,制备了一种高效的活性炭吸附剂用于烟气脱硫脱硝。改性活性炭对模拟烟气的吸附实验表明,活性炭经微波改性后的脱硫吸附量明显提高,氢氧化钾浸泡加微波改性的脱硫效果最好,浓硝酸浸泡加微波改性的活性炭对氮氧化物也有比较好的吸附效果,NO的吸附容量可达到36.8×10-3。扫描电镜(SEM)显示,微波改性后的活性炭微孔充分,有利于污染物的脱除。此外,还对各种改性方法提高活性炭脱硫脱硝性能的机理进行了分析。  相似文献   

3.
烟气脱硫活性炭微波再生特性的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了烟气脱硫活性炭的微波再生特性。通过扫描电镜、N2吸附、元素分析、Boehm滴定表征微波再生对活性炭孔隙结构和表面化学性质的影响,分析微波再生对活性炭吸附烟气中SO2的影响规律。结果表明,微波再生功率越高,SO2再生曲线越窄,峰值浓度越高,有利于载硫活性炭的解吸和高浓度再生气的获取。微波再生对活性炭起到了活化作用,使活性炭的孔结构变狭长。随着微波再生功率的提高,活性炭的微孔比表面积、微孔孔容增加,酸性官能团含量上升,碱性官能团含量下降。100 W再生后,活性炭再生不完全,残留的H2SO4影响了活性炭的吸附,活性炭的SO2吸附性能下降。200、300、400 W工况下,活性炭的SO2吸附容量均得到提高,且随着再生功率的提高,活性炭的碱性官能团含量上升,微孔比表面积、微孔孔容增加,SO2吸附性能逐渐增强。  相似文献   

4.
脱色甘氨酸母液的废活性炭,是一类吸附有有机胺类聚合物且难以再生的危险固体废弃物。本文探索性地开展了微波法再生脱色甘氨酸母液废活性炭的研究,考察了活性炭在微波炉中的放置方式、含水率以及微波反应条件等对活性炭再生率和炭损率的影响,分别采用红外光谱法、BET法对活性炭进行了分析表征。实验结果表明,在功率640 W、反应时间8 min的条件下,废活性炭的再生率达99%、综合再生率达59.0%,对再生活性碳进行红外光谱分析表明,在微波功率大于480 W后,微波辐射能有效去除废活性炭中的有机物;在微波功率800W条件下,再生活性炭的BET比表面积由废活性炭的128.15 m2/g提高到1398.5437 m2/g,已达到新鲜活性炭的性能。  相似文献   

5.
微波再生对活性炭循环吸附SO_2的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了脱硫活性炭的微波再生及其对烟气中SO2的循环吸附特性。通过扫描电镜、N2吸附、元素分析、Boehm滴定等表征了微波再生对活性炭孔隙结构和表面化学性质的影响,分析了微波再生对活性炭循环吸附烟气中SO2的影响规律。结果表明,微波再生是脱硫活性炭再生的有效手段,在合适的再生功率下,经过多次循环吸附/再生后,活性炭仍然保持较高的吸附容量,吸附17次后再生活性炭仍然高于原始活性炭,但同时由于再生过程中存在C与H2SO4的反应,活性炭存在明显的烧失现象。初次再生后,活性炭的表面酸性官能团在高温下基本完全分解,碱性官能团含量上升,活性炭的SO2吸附容量明显提高;多次吸附/再生循环后,再生反应起到了活化的作用,使活性炭的孔结构变狭长,微孔比表面积和微孔容积呈上升趋势,同时酸性和碱性官能团基本保持稳定,活性炭的SO2吸附容量逐渐增加。  相似文献   

6.
微波辐射紫茎泽兰制备优质活性炭的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以紫茎泽兰为原料,碳酸钾为活化剂,采用超声波浸渍,微波辐射法制备活性炭.研究了浸渍方式与时间、微波功率、微波辐射时间、剂料比对活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响.得到了本实验条件下的优化工艺条件:超声波浸渍20min、120℃脱水2h,微波功率700W、微波辐射时间12min、剂料比1.25∶1.优化工艺条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值为1470.27mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为300mL/g,得率为16.35%.浸渍时间极大的缩短,微波辐射时间只有传统法活化时间的1/15左右,活性炭的吸附指标超过了国标GB/T 13803.1-1999和GB/T 13803.2-1999一级品的标准,其中碘吸附值是国家一级标准的1.47倍,亚甲基蓝吸附值是国家一级标准的2.73倍.同时,测定了该活性炭氮吸附,其BET比表面积为1540.97m2/g,总孔容为0.7393mL/g,并通过DFT表征了活性炭的孔径分布,结果表明该活性炭为微孔型活性炭.  相似文献   

7.
将粉状活性炭(AC)分别经过浓硝酸、浓硫酸和王水氧化后得到3种改性活性炭NAC、SAC和AAC,测定了改性前后活性炭在30℃和50℃对正辛烷溶液中苯并噻吩(BT)、二苯并噻吩(DBT)和3-甲基噻吩(3-MT)的静态等温吸附数据,并用Langmuir方程对数据进行了处理。结果表明,改性后活性炭对噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能均有所增强,其强弱顺序为AAC>NAC>SAC>AC,在30℃下AAC对正辛烷溶液中BT、DBT和3-MT的最大吸附硫含量分别比AC提高了88.7%、63.4%和95.1%。活性炭对噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能强弱与其在红外谱图中含氧官能团的峰强度大小和Boehm滴定分析中含氧官能团数量多少是一致的。在30℃下,再生4次后的AAC对正辛烷溶液中的BT、DBT和3-MT硫的平衡吸附量仍可达到初始吸附量的71.5%、72.7%和40.7%,再生效果良好。  相似文献   

8.
用改性的活性炭纤维(ACF)脱除低浓度的H2S是一种十分有效的方法,但脱硫后的改性ACF容易达到脱硫饱和而失活。用溶剂再生和气体热再生的方法可以对失活后的改性ACF进行再生。在固定床反应器上考察了再生后ACF的脱硫性能。实验结果表明,与溶剂再生相比,气体热再生是更有效的再生方法。不同再生方法的效果的不同,是由ACF脱除H2S的反应机理的不同和再生机理的不同造成的。  相似文献   

9.
针对活性炭吸附VOCs过程的安全性问题进行了研究,采用咪唑-脯氨酸离子液体对活性炭进行改性,优化吸附性能。以典型的甲苯气体为例,讨论了改性前后活性炭结构的变化对甲苯吸附性能的影响,并探索了改性前后活性炭的热反应安全性。研究结果表明:咪唑-脯氨酸改性活性炭表面的孔隙数量增多、孔径变大、含氧官能团增加、比表面积和体积增大。改性活性炭对甲苯的吸附量78 mg·g~(-1)是改性前活性炭吸附量36.03 mg·g~(-1)的2.17倍,吸附能力明显提升;粒径为51μm和111μm的两种改性活性炭的自燃温度比未改性活性炭的自燃温度分别提高了22.4℃和19.4℃且到达自燃温度所需时间分别延长了11.17 h和0.75 h。改性活性炭所需活化能为47.32kJ·moL~(-1),热稳定性优于未改性活性炭。  相似文献   

10.
为提高活性炭(GAC)的吸附性能,采用氢氧化镁对活性炭进行改性,制得经济高效的改性活性炭材料。利用扫描电镜、XRD对改性活性炭进行表征;通过实验确定改性活性炭的最佳制备条件:氯化镁浓度为1.0mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浓度为0.5 mol·L~(-1),氢氧化钠浸泡活性炭的温度20℃;吸附酸性品红吸附时间为150min时,改性活性炭对酸性品红的吸附量为6.16 mg·g~(-1),而原活性炭吸附量为4.12 mg·g~(-1);热力学吉布斯自由能ΔH~00和焓变ΔH~00,说明该吸附过程是吸热和自发进行的。同时考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。  相似文献   

11.
挥发性有机物(VOCs)是大气中重要的污染源之一,对环境和人类健康产生严重的危害。吸附法是工业中最常用的去除VOCs的方法,吸附剂是吸附技术的关键,生物质炭是一种由生物质基材料在高温下热解活化等工艺制得的炭材料,具有较高的比表面积、丰富的孔隙结构和化学活性表面,在环境污染控制领域具有广泛应用。基于最近的研究,本文系统地综述了常用于去除VOCs的生物质炭的制备和改性方法,以及生物质炭在吸附VOCs的应用研究。本文首要目标是评估生物质炭去除VOCs的能力,特别是经过各种改性和活化工艺后,评价生物质炭作为吸附剂去除VOCs的适用性;确定改性和活化后对VOCs吸附能力的影响;揭示生物质炭对VOCs可能存在的吸附机理。最后,文章也对生物质炭的再生提出了建议和展望。  相似文献   

12.
Cassava pulp contains significant amount of starch which can be hydrolyzed to glucose, and further converted to different kinds of chemicals, such as lactic acid, fumaric acid, and ethanol. Microwave irradiation is an alternative method for starch hydrolysis, and the addition of activated carbon has been reported could increase glucose yield at lower temperature in water medium. This research was to study the effects of two types of activated carbon on the acid hydrolysis of cassava pulp under microwave irradiation. The experiment was conducted at two microwave power level (30% and 50%), each with heating duration of 5, 7.5 and 10 min in 0.5% sulfuric acid medium. The addition of activated carbon with superior adsorption capacity in cassava pulp suspension resulted in lower glucose yield than the one without the addition of activated carbon at both power levels. On the other hand, the addition of activated carbon with inferior adsorption capacity resulted in much higher glucose yield than the one without the addition of activated carbon at microwave power 30% and slightly lower glucose yield at microwave power 50%. However, activated carbon with higher adsorption capacity was superior to the other one in suppressing the formation of colored secondary degradation materials. The highest glucose yield (91.52%) was obtained in the hydrolysates from the treatment at microwave power 50% for 10 min without the addition of activated carbon.  相似文献   

13.
The preparation of activated carbon from sesame shells as raw precursor was investigated in the study by sequentially applying microwave and conventional heating methods assisted by zinc chloride activation. The optimizisation of experimental parameters including microwave power, microwave treatment time, conventional activation time, conventional activation temperature and zinc chloride concentration ratio for the microwave and conventional heating method was performed. The characterization of the prepared activated carbon was done by thermogravimetric and differential thermal measurements, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses. The maximum surface area of 1254?m2/g for the prepared activated carbon was obtained at a microwave power of 750?W, a microwave treatment time of 20?min, an activation time of 45?min, an activation temperature of 500°C and zinc chloride concentration ratio of 1:1. Methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacities for the prepared activated carbon were 103 and 1199?mg/g, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
The growth in textile and printing industries proven detrimental to the aquatic environment as the industrial waste containing dye seeped into the ecosystem. A high concentration of dye in water possess negative impacts on water ecosystem and harmful to human health. Removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from industrial waste via adsorption pathway has been widely investigated that promised high efficiency of MB removal. This review will summarize researches published from 2008 to 2019 on the removal of MB using carbon adsorbent with focus will be given on the synthesis and modification of carbon-based materials, and the structural properties influencing the performance of MB adsorption. Summary on the type of material used for the synthesis of carbon materials (activated carbon and biochar) will be included from utilization of the naturally occurring carbon sources such as polymers, biomasses and biowastes, and also sucrose and hydrocarbon gases. Modification of carbon materials such as chemical activation and physical activation; surface grafting to form functionalized surfaces; deposition with metal and magnetic nanoparticles via impregnation; and manufacturing of carbon composites will be discussed on the effects to promote MB adsorption and desorption. Another type of carbon adsorbents such as porous carbon; graphitic carbons including graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nitride (g-C3N4); and finally nanocarbon in the form of nanotube, nanorod and nanofiber; will be included in the review with details on the synthesis method and the correlation between structural properties and adsorption activity. The regeneration process to increase the life cycle of carbon adsorbent will also be discussed based on two regeneration pathway i.e. a thermal degradation and desorption on MB. Finally the thermodynamics, kinetics, and the adsorption models of MB on carbon adsorbent will be discussed in this review.  相似文献   

15.
微波辐射在制备竹节活性炭中的应用研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
研究了以竹节废料为原料,采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备优质活性炭的可行性.探讨了微波功率.活化时间及氯化锌浓度对产品各项指标的影响.得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的最佳工艺:微波功率350W、活化时间5min、氯化锌浓度40%.用此工艺制得的活性炭碘吸附值1088.4mg/g、亚甲基蓝脱色力22.0ml/0.1g.得率39.2%.该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的1/36,产品活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力为国家一级标准的1.83倍(GB/T13496.10-1999).微波辐射法所制活性炭比传统方法所制活性炭具有更加发达的孔隙结构,且孔隙的分布更加均匀.  相似文献   

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