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1.
报道了由正负离子表面活性剂与高聚物混合溶液形成的一种可用于蛋白南的分离及分析的新型双水相萃取体系,研究了正负离子表面活性剂(溴十二烷基三乙铵/十二烷基硫酸钠)分别与葡萄糖和聚乙二醇混合双水相体系的形成规律,相行为及牛血清蛋白和溶菌酶在双水相体系中的分配,通过在高聚物分子中接上亲和配基,研究蛋白质在双水相体系中的亲和分配,结果表明,在该体系中,表面活性剂与高聚物分别富集于不同相中,升高温度及加入无机盐均可促进双水相体系的形成,不同蛋白质的可分配于不同的相中,亲和配基的引入极大地增强了蛋白质分配的选择性。  相似文献   

2.
双水相萃取结合液相色谱法分离蛋白质   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了PEG/( NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取富集,结合液相色谱分离分析多种蛋白质的方法.考察了无机盐种类和浓度、PEG分子量、pH值和温度等因素对双水相形成以及对细胞色素C、肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、溶菌酶、胰蛋白酶分配行为的影响.结果表明,上述5种蛋白在室温、pH 3.5~9.0范围内,可在15% PEG-4000/10% (NH4)2SO4双水相体系中得到富集,且主要集中在下相.同样条件下,血清中的高丰度蛋白在上下相均有分配,下相分配量较大.通过双水相萃取分离蛋白质及对液相色谱一定时间段的色谱峰收集,可初步实现血清中高丰度蛋白质的分离去除.  相似文献   

3.
赵新颖  屈锋  覃浩  罗爱芹 《色谱》2014,32(6):600-603
双水相萃取是一种新型的液-液萃取技术,具有方法简单,易操作,成本低,易放大,条件温和,可保持蛋白质活性等明显优势,特别适用于生物样品的前处理和组分分离。本文建立了15%PEG-4000/8%NaH2PO4双水相体系,通过两次双水相萃取结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离了唾液中的多种蛋白质。经过双水相萃取,对上、下两相中的蛋白质进行色谱的梯度洗脱分析。50 min内蛋白质的色谱峰可分为10组,根据其在上、下两相的分配规律还可划分为6个组分区。结果表明,两次双水相萃取结合HPLC可以实现唾液中的蛋白质的选择性分离。该法为复杂生物样品中的蛋白质多维度、选择性分离和分析提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

4.
双水相萃取(ATPS)分离蛋白质是基于蛋白质在上下两相间分配系数不同而达到彼此分离,它是一种简单、快速、低成本的蛋白质分离富集方法.表面修饰的磁性粒子与目标蛋白结合,在外加磁场作用下快速与原溶液分离,可实现目标蛋白分离和富集.双水相萃取与磁性分离均具有简单快速、条件温和的优点,在生物分离工程领域具有重要的应用价值.本文将双水相体系与热溶剂法制备的表面羧基功能化的磁性阳离子交换剂联用,用于蛋白质的逐级分离.  相似文献   

5.
温敏聚合物双水相体系作为一种新型的绿色分离/富集技术,具有条件温和、选择性强、萃取效率高、操作时间短、成相物质可回收利用等优点,可简单地改变环境温度,实现成相聚合物与目标分离物的分离,该技术已被广泛地应用于生物分离、金属离子分离、天然产物有效成分提取、药物分离等领域。本文简要介绍了温敏聚合物双水相体系的形成原理,双水相液液相平衡理论的研究进展及应用研究,希望对进一步的研究工作有所帮助和启发。  相似文献   

6.
蛋白质在表面活性剂与高分子共组双水相体系中 的分配   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
肖进新  黄建滨  何煦  暴艳霞   《化学学报》2000,58(7):922-924
高分子和正负离子表面活性剂混合物可形成一种新型双水相体系。研究蛋白质在溴化十二烷基三乙铵/十二烷基硫酸钠与聚氧乙烯(EO)-聚氧丙烯(PO)嵌段共聚物(EO~2~0PO~8~0)共组双水相体系中的分配。通过在高分子接上亲和配基,研究蛋白质在带有亲和配基高分子的双水相体系中的分配。将表面活性剂富集相稀释或加热高分子富集相,又可形成新的双水相体系,由此可进行蛋白质的多步分配。在蛋白质的分配完成之后,通过将表面活性剂富集相进一步稀释或将高分子富集相加热至高分子浊点以上可将表面活性剂和高分子与目标蛋白质分离。正负离子表面活性剂和高分子还可以循环使用。  相似文献   

7.
用异丙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系,利用维生素B12的疏水性和硫酸铵的盐析作用,在高浓度无机Co2+共存的情况下可有效地实现维生素B12的选择性分离富集.对双水相体系的组成、萃取时间和pH等实验参数进行了优化,在2.0mL样品、1.1g硫酸铵和200μL异丙醇组成的双水相体系中,对50μgL-1的维生素B12溶液经过萃取分离后富集倍数为11.8.取20μL双水相体系上相进行电热原子吸收检测,线性范围为2~100μgL-1,检出限为0.6μgL-1(3σ,n=11),相对标准偏差为2.8%(50μgL-1,n=9).将所建立的方法应用于功能饮料、保健药片、牛肝等实际样品中维生素B12的含量测定,加标回收率在97%~104%之间.  相似文献   

8.
离子液体由于具有非挥发性、低毒、不易燃、热稳定性及化学稳定性高等优势,被认为是可替代传统有机溶剂的"绿色溶剂",在双水相体系构建方面得到了广泛应用。基于离子液体的双水相体系在生物大分子及有机化合物萃取分离方面具有独特优势,如萃取快速,操作简单,不需使用有害有机溶剂及复杂设备,易于规模化且生物兼容性好。该文综述了基于离子液体的双水相体系的两相分离机理及其在有机小分子及生物样品萃取纯化中的应用。并在此基础上讨论了离子液体双水相体系的优势、缺点以及未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

9.
以乙腈-无机盐-水双水相体系,建立了一种环保、高效的用于气相色谱法检测鱼肉样品中拟除虫菊酯的样品前处理方法.实验利用荧光猝灭法与气相色谱法研究了拟除虫菊酯药物在以蛋白质为主要基质的水产品中的存在状态,考察了双水相的形成条件,并探讨了蛋白质对双水相萃取率的影响.结果表明,拟除虫菊酯药物通过疏水作用力与蛋白质牢固结合.以体积分数为80%的乙腈水溶液作为萃取液可以引起水产品中的蛋白质基质缓慢而彻底地变性,从而充分释放与蛋白质结合的药物,实现拟除虫菊酯的均相高效萃取.80%的乙腈水溶液具有较强的化学极性,因而在双水相系统上相中与药物残留共同萃入的脂溶性杂质较少,萃取液净化步骤大大简化.在双水相上相中加入无水MgSO4,PSA去除水分与杂质后,直接进样进行气相色谱检测.该方法用于鱼肉样品中六种拟除虫菊酯的萃取检测,回收率为81.1%~96.4%,检出限为8~14ng·mL-1.  相似文献   

10.
组合表面活性剂-盐-水双水相体系萃取水杨酸和洛美沙星   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过实验选择聚乙二醇(PEG1500)与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP30000)组合表面活性剂(NH4)2SO4-H2O形成双水相体系及其成相条件。研究水杨酸(APC)和洛美沙星(LFXC)氢键型药物在该双水相体系中的分配行为。结果表明:该体系对APC和LFXC的萃取率分别为102%和69.0%。通过药物在该体系中的紫外吸收光谱及分子荧光光谱的变化,验证其萃取药物的机理。  相似文献   

11.
Partitioning of Bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and zein as model proteins in aqueous two-phase systems (S) containing polypropylene glycol (PPG425) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and salts (MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4) is presented in this paper. The effects of different factors such as tie-line length, salt type and polymer type on the partition coefficient and recovery percent of proteins were analysed. The model proteins were separated by these systems (S) and directly used for gel electrophoresis without separating the target proteins from phase-forming reagents. The results revealed that the S, studied in this work could be used as a novel prefractionation method in proteomic analysis and could separate proteomic proteins in multigroup by one step extraction.  相似文献   

12.
We describe an approach for fractionating complex protein samples prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Whole lysates of cells and tissue were prefractionated by reversed-phase chromatography and elution with a five-step gradient of increasing acetonitrile concentrations. The proteins obtained at each step were subsequently separated by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The reproducibility of this prefractionation technique proved to be optimal for comparing 2-DE gels from two different cell states. In addition, this method is suitable for enriching low-abundance proteins barely detectable by silver staining to amounts that can be detected by Coomassie blue and further analyzed by mass spectrometry.  相似文献   

13.
A model system for selective solubilization and fast separation of proteins from the rat liver membrane fraction and purified rat liver plasma membranes for their further proteomic analysis is presented. For selective solubilization, high-pH solutions and a concentrated urea solution, combined with different detergents, are used. After extraction, proteins are separated by anion-exchange chromatography or a combination of anion- and cation-exchange chromatography with convective interaction monolithic supports. This separation method enables fast and effective prefractionation of membrane proteins based on their hydrophobicity and charge prior to one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. By use of this sample preparation method, the less-abundant proteins can be detected and identified.  相似文献   

14.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in close proximity to the brain and changes in the protein composition of CSF may be indicative of altered brain protein expression in neurodegenerative disorders. Analysis of brain-specific proteins in CSF is complicated by the fact that most CSF proteins are derived from the plasma and tend to obscure less abundant proteins. By adopting a prefractionation step prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), less abundant proteins are enriched and can be detected in complex proteomes such as CSF. We have developed a method in which liquid-phase isoelectric focusing (IEF) is used to prefractionate individual CSF samples; selected IEF fractions are then analysed on SYPRO-Ruby-stained 2-D gels, with final protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). To optimise the focusing of the protein spots on the 2-D gel, the ampholyte concentration in liquid-phase IEF was minimised and the focusing time in the first dimension was increased. When comparing 2-D gels from individual prefractionated and unfractionated CSF samples it is evident that individual protein spots are larger and contain more protein after prefractionation of CSF. Generally, more protein spots were also detected in the 2-D gels from prefractionated CSF compared with direct 2-DE separations of CSF. Several proteins, including cystatin C, IgM-kappa, hemopexin, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-alpha, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, were identified in prefractionated CSF but not in unfractionated CSF. Low abundant forms of posttranslationally modified proteins, e.g. alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein, can be enriched, thus better resolved and detected on the 2-D gel. Liquid-phase IEF, as a prefractionation step prior to 2-DE, reduce sample complexity, facilitate detection of less abundant protein components, increases the protein loads and the protein amount in each gel spot for MALDI-MS analysis.  相似文献   

15.
Milk of transgenic pigs secreting recombinant human Protein C (rHPC) was used as a model system to determine the utility of aqueous two-phase extraction systems (ATPS) for the initial step in the purification of proteins from milk. The major challenges in purification of recombinant proteins from milk are removal of casein micelles (that foul processing equipment) and elimination of the host milk proteins from the final product. When milk was partitioned in ATPS composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ammonium sulfate (AS), the phases were clarified and most of the caseins precipitated at the interphase. The partition coefficients of the major milk proteins and rHPC were dependent upon the molecular weight of the PEG used in the ATPS. Higher-partition coefficients of the major whey proteins, Β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin were observed in ATPS made up of lower molecular-weight PEG (1000 or 1450) as compared to systems using higher molecular-weight PEG. Lowering the pH of the ATPS from 7.5 to 6.0 resulted in increased precipitation of the caseins and decreased their concentration in both phases. rHPC had a partition coefficient of 0.04 in a system composed of AS and PEG 1450. The rHPC in pig milk was shown to be highly heterogenous by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The heterogeneity was owing to inefficient proteolytic processing of the single chain to the heterodimeric form and differences in glycosylation and other post-translational processing. Differential partitioning of the multiple forms of purified rHPC in the ATPS was not observed. rHPC after processing in ATPS was recovered in a clear phase free of most major milk proteins. ATPS are useful as the initial processing step in the purification of recombinant proteins from milk because clarification and enrichment is combined in a single step.  相似文献   

16.
Gel electrophoresis is often used for the primary analysis and purification of proteins, and peptide mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a widely used technique for the rapid identification of unknown proteins. The identification is usually obtained by digesting the protein with an enzyme and matching the masses of the proteolytic peptides with those of each protein in a sequence database. Another important aspect in many proteomic experiments is the determination of the relative protein quantities (e.g. comparison between control and altered states). Usually, this is obtained by comparing the spot intensities of two independent gels. This procedure is time-consuming and not very accurate. Recently, several methodologies using isotope labeling of proteins for quantitative proteomic studies have been introduced (e.g. using ICAT reagents or growing cells in isotopically enriched nutrients). However, none of these methodologies is foolproof and there is still the need for simple and inexpensive alternatives for determining the relative quantities of proteins. Previously, we showed that a mixture of acrylamide and deuterated acrylamide could be used as cysteine alkylating reagent prior to electrophoresis, improving the coverage and the confidence of the protein identification procedure (Sechi S, Chait BT. Anal. Chem. 1998; 70: 5150). Here we show that a similar approach can be used to obtain relative quantitation at the femtomole level of proteins isolated by gel electrophoresis. Deuterated acrylamide is used to alkylate the cysteines in one sample and regular acrylamide is used to alkylate the cysteines in the second sample. The two samples are then mixed together in a 1:1 ratio and the relative protein quantities are determined from the ion intensity ratios of the two cysteine-containing peptides isotopic envelopes (regular/deuterated). The analysis of several proteins mixed in different ratios is reported showing that this approach can reliably be used for protein identification and quantification. Briefly, a simple and inexpensive method for quantifying and simultaneously identifying proteins isolated by gel electrophoresis using MALDI-MS is presented.  相似文献   

17.
The present review deals with prefractionation protocols used in proteomic investigation in preparation for mass spectrometry (MS) or two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) map analysis. Briefly, reported methods focus on cell organelle differential centrifugation and on chromatographic approaches, to continue in extenso with a panoply of electrophoretic methods. In the case of chromatography, procedures useful as a prefractionation step, including affinity, ion-exchange, and reversed-phase resins, revealed several hundreds of new species, previously undetected in unfractionated samples. Novel chromatographic prefractionation methods are also discussed such as a multistaged fractionation column, consisting in a set of immobilized chemistries, serially connected in a stack format (an assembly of seven blocks), each capable of harvesting a given protein population. Such a method significantly simplifies the complexity of treated samples while concentrating species, all resulting in a larger number of visible proteins by MS or 2-DE. Electrophoretic prefractionation protocols include all those electrokinetic methodologies which are performed in free solution, essentially all relying on isoelectric focusing steps (although some approaches based on gels and granulated media are also discussed). Devices associated with electrophoretic separation are multichamber apparatus, such as the multicompartment electrolyzers equipped with either isoelectric membranes or with isoelectric beads. Multicup device electrophoresis and several others, exploiting the conventional technique of carrier ampholyte focusing, are reviewed. This review also reports approaches for sample treatments in order to detect low-abundance species. Among others, a special emphasis is made on the reduction of concentration difference between proteins constituting a sample. This latter consists in a library of combinatorial ligands coupled to small beads. Such a library comprises hexameric ligands composed of 20 amino acids, resulting in millions of different structures. When these beads are impregnated with complex proteomes (e.g., human sera) of widely differing protein compositions, they are able to significantly reduce the concentration differences, thus greatly enhancing the possibility to evidence low-abundance species. It is felt that this panoply of methods could offer a strong step forward in "mining below the tip of the iceberg" for detecting the "unseen proteome".  相似文献   

18.
The prediction of the partition behaviour of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) using mathematical models based on their amino acid composition was investigated. The predictive models are based on the average surface hydrophobicity (ASH). The ASH was estimated by means of models that use the three-dimensional structure of proteins and by models that use only the amino acid composition of proteins. These models were evaluated for a set of 11 proteins with known experimental partition coefficient in four-phase systems: polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000/phosphate, sulfate, citrate and dextran and considering three levels of NaCl concentration (0.0% w/w, 0.6% w/w and 8.8% w/w). The results indicate that such prediction is feasible even though the quality of the prediction depends strongly on the ATPS and its operational conditions such as the NaCl concentration. The ATPS 0 model which use the three-dimensional structure obtains similar results to those given by previous models based on variables measured in the laboratory. In addition it maintains the main characteristics of the hydrophobic resolution and intrinsic hydrophobicity reported before. Three mathematical models, ATPS I-III, based only on the amino acid composition were evaluated. The best results were obtained by the ATPS I model which assumes that all of the amino acids are completely exposed. The performance of the ATPS I model follows the behaviour reported previously, i.e. its correlation coefficients improve as the NaCl concentration increases in the system and, therefore, the effect of the protein hydrophobicity prevails over other effects such as charge or size. Its best predictive performance was obtained for the PEG/dextran system at high NaCl concentration. An increase in the predictive capacity of at least 54.4% with respect to the models which use the three-dimensional structure of the protein was obtained for that system. In addition, the ATPS I model exhibits high correlation coefficients in that system being higher than 0.88 on average. The ATPS I model exhibited correlation coefficients higher than 0.67 for the rest of the ATPS at high NaCl concentration. Finally, we tested our best model, the ATPS I model, on the prediction of the partition coefficient of the protein invertase. We found that the predictive capacities of the ATPS I model are better in PEG/dextran systems, where the relative error of the prediction with respect to the experimental value is 15.6%.  相似文献   

19.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without a stacking gel minimizes lateral spreading of protein when samples are applied in agarose wells and allows high sample throughput (6 samples/cm gel width). The method is simple and convenient to use and gives comparable resolution to the standard method with 4-20% or 6-30% polyacrylamide gradient gels. Best results are obtained when the upper zone of the separating gel is of low polyacrylamide concentration. This indicates a need for the molten agarose to penetrate and anneal with the separating gel.  相似文献   

20.
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