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利用甲醛与硫酸铜还原反应,通过添加铜晶核,控制反应液的pH和温度等条件,在酚醛树脂合成体系内原位生成了球形、粒度分布30~50 nm的铜纳米粒子,制得铜纳米粒子改性酚醛树脂,其结构和性能经红外光谱、X-射线衍射、透射电镜、热重分析和冲击试验表征。结果表明:与纯酚醛树脂相比,铜纳米粒子对酚醛树脂的耐热性和韧性有显著影响,初始分解温度提高51 ℃,冲击强度可提高约52%。 相似文献
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弹性纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
提出了一种用弹性纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的新方法. 试验结果表明, 用平均粒径为90 nm的羧基丁腈弹性纳米粒子和平均粒径为100 nm的丁苯吡弹性纳米粒子改性热固性环氧树脂, 均比用传统的液体端羧基丁腈橡胶具有更好的增韧效果, 并且, 改性后环氧树脂的耐热温度和玻璃化温度不但不降低, 反而有所提高. 文中通过对弹性纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的微观结构和界面性能的研究, 发现反应性较强的丁苯吡弹性纳米粒子对环氧树脂的改性效果明显优于羧基丁腈弹性纳米粒子, 提出了在二相界面大量增加的氢键和化学反应是改性环氧树脂韧性和耐热温度提高的主要原因. 相似文献
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以六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)和荧光素(FL)为单体、乙腈为溶剂、三乙胺(TEA)为缚酸剂,在室温超声作用下,通过沉淀聚合,成功制备了具有良好荧光性能的聚磷腈纳米粒子(PZF)。通过红外光谱、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对PZF的化学结构和组成元素进行了分析。结果表明:制备的PZF是实心结构且粒径均一,具有良好的荧光性能;在365nm紫外光下照射不同时间后PZF的荧光强度几乎没有发生变化,说明制备得到的PZF具有强耐光漂白性。 相似文献
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利用碱脲溶剂低温溶解纤维素,在该体系中掺杂一定比例的全硫化羧基丁苯弹性纳米粒子,制备了纤维素/全硫化弹性纳米粒子复合膜.通过透射电镜、扫描电镜、WAXD、固体核磁共振、热分析和力学性能测试等对该复合膜的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,全硫化羧基丁苯弹性纳米粒子(CSB ENP)均匀的分散在具有微纳孔洞结构的纤维素基体中.CSB ENP的引入对纤维素再生过程中的结晶性影响不大.纤维素/全硫化弹性纳米粒子复合膜具有良好的透光性,并且热稳定性也有所提高.加入少量的CSB ENP可以增韧纤维素膜,且能保持良好的力学性能.当CSB ENP的含量为5 wt%时复合膜的断裂拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同时得到了提高. 相似文献
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通过Williamson醚合成、Claisen重排及硅氢化反应得到邻羟基苯丙基硅油(Si-phenol),将其与苯酚混合,采用硼酸酯法合成有机硅改性硼酚醛树脂(SBPF).利用1H NMR和FTIR技术对其结构进行分析,采用热重分析(TGA)、剪切测试、拉伸测试以及冲击测试等手段对其耐热能和力学性能进行表征.考察了Si-phenol的含量对树脂各项性能的影响,并研究其作用机理.结果表明,合成的有机硅改性硼酚醛树脂具有良好的耐热性,适量硅氧烷链段的引入可以改善树脂的黏接性能,提高其力学强度. 相似文献
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对丁腈橡胶和丁腈酯橡胶的物理机械性能和动态力学性能进行对比研究,讨论了分子结构对材料热氧老化和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,丁腈橡胶和丁腈酯橡胶物理机械性能相当,热氧老化试验后丁腈酯表现出更优异的力学性能。在动态力学性能试验中,腈基极性强于酯基,侧基极性愈强,其相互间作用力愈大, 单键内旋转愈困难,链的柔顺性愈差,同时丁腈酯的酯基具有柔性,可起到增塑剂的作用,综合因素导致丁腈酯橡胶在低温下的动态力学性能优于丁腈橡胶。热氧老化后,丁腈橡胶和丁腈酯橡胶交联度进一步提高,分子链之间的相互作用力变大导致剪切模量增大。丁腈橡胶的损耗因子偏大是由于丁腈橡胶有极性较强的侧腈基, 链段运动时内摩擦阻力大内耗高,热氧老化后损耗因子进一步提高。 相似文献
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偶氮异丁腈基态热解的理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用量子化学方法对偶氮异丁腈(AIBN)在基态下的热分解反应机理进行了系统的理论研究. 首先用AM1方法对AIBN的各种可能解离的势能面(PES)进行详细的优化扫描, 进而运用密度泛函方法B3LYP在6-311G*水平上对热解反应过程中所涉及的反应物、中间体、产物和过渡态的几何构型、内禀反应坐标(IRC)以及活化能和振动分析进行计算. 结果表明, 在基态下, 偶氮异丁腈仅采取两键(三体)同步解离的模式进行热分解反应, 即Me2(CN)C—N═N—C(CN)Me2 → 2Me2(CN)C8226; + N2, 产物形成N2和Me2(CN)C8226; 自由基, 而单键的热分解Me2(CN)CN═N—C(CN)Me2 → Me2(CN)CN═N8226; + Me2(CN)C·不能发生, 这主要是由于偶氮异丁腈分子中(—N═N—)的电子收缩效应, 使Me2(CN)CN═N8226; 进一步生成能量较低的N2和稳定自由基Me2(CN)C8226;的缘故. 按AIBN双键(三体)同步解离获得的活化能与实验结果吻合, 并从理论上计算得到两键(三体)同步解离的反应途径. 相似文献
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Bao-Gou Wu;Wei-Jun Yang;De-Yu Niu;Wei-Fu Dong;Ming-Qing Chen;Tian-Xi Liu;Ming-Liang Du;Pi-Ming Ma 《高分子科学》2020,38(10):1107-1116
Poly(lactide),PLA,suffers from brittleness and low heat deflection temperature(HDT),which limits its application as an engineering plastic.In this work,poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)/ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl methacrylate random copolymer(PLLA/PDLA/EVM-GMA=1/1/x) composites were prepared by melt blending,and the in situ formed EVM-g-PLA copolymers improved the compatibility between PLA and EVM-GMA.Subsequently,the blends were subjected to a two-step annealing process during compression molding,i.e.first annealing at 120℃ to rapidly form a certain amount of stereocomplex(sc) crystallites as nucleation sites,and then annealing at 200℃ to guide the formation of new sc crystallites.Both differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) measurements confirmed the formation of highly stereocomplexed PLA products.Mechanical results showed that the PLLA/PDLA blend with 20 wt% of EVM-GMA had a notched impact strength up to 65 kJ/m2 and an elongation at break of 48%,while maintaining a tensile strength of 40 MPa.Meanwhile,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) and heat deflection tests showed that the PLA composite had an HDT up to 142℃ which is 90℃ higher than that of normal PLA products.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) confirmed the fine dispersion of EVM-GMA particles,which facilitated to understand the toughening mechanism.Furthermore,the highly stereocomplexed PLA composites simultaneously exhibited excellent chemical and hydrolysis resistance.Therefore,these fascinating properties may extend the application range of sc-PLA material as an engineering bioplastic. 相似文献
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Effects of production parameters on the structure of resol type phenolic resin/layered silicate nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites belong to one of the most promising group of materials of the past few decades and most probably for the near future. Following the pioneering works of Toyota Research Group in the 1980s, the interest on these materials increased rapidly and research is now being carried out world wide, using all kinds of polymers as base material.In this present study, the aim was to investigate the effects of several different production parameters; on the morphology of resol type phenol formaldehyde based layered silicate nanocomposites produced by mixing and casting. For this purpose; two different liquid resol type phenolic resins (PF76 and PF76TD), two different curing methods (heat cure route and acid cure route), two different montmorillonite clays (unmodified Cloisite Na+ and modified Rheospan), two different clay sources (Wyoming-USA and Tokat-Turkey), and five different clay amounts (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 3%, 10%) were used.XRD, SEM, TEM analyses and mechanical tests indicated that resol type phenolic resins lead to better structures when they were modified with ethylene glycol and cured by the use of an acidic curing agent. It was also observed that use of modified clay with no more than 1.5 wt% in the phenolic matrix lead to certain degree of exfoliation consequently better structure and higher mechanical performance. 相似文献
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Chemorheological analysis of a gelled resol resin curing under non-isothermal conditions by shear strain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.C. Domínguez M.V. Alonso M. Oliet E. Rojo F. Rodríguez 《European Polymer Journal》2010,46(6):1237-1243
The chemorheological behavior of curing of a resol resin was analyzed under non-isothermal conditions beyond the gelation point. Two heating ramps (0.5 and 1 °C/min) from 0 to 100 °C were performed. The rheological measurements of the resin were performed using oscillatory shear strain. The obtained profiles for the resin’s complex viscosity were applied, after treatment by two calculation methods, to the four- and six-parameter Arrhenius models. These models allow one to establish the viscous flow region of the resin and the kinetic parameters of the material’s curing process. The six-parameter Arrhenius model was selected as the best method for modeling of the resin’s rheological behavior during its curing process. The viscous-flow activation energies determined for the gelled resol resin curing were 67.1 and 58.3 kJ/mol for the 0.5 and 1 °C/min heating rates, respectively. The activation energies of the resin curing process were 41.7 and 67.0 kJ/mol for each temperature ramp. 相似文献
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Pin Gao Yanfang Zhang Guangsu Huang Mengmeng Chen Jing Zheng 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(2):142-147
The multi-hydroxymethyl structure of resol makes it suitable for connecting two or more polyacrylamide chains as a crosslinker in oil recovery applications, but control of the structure and composition of the resol, whether in practice or theory, is still a controversial problem. In the present research, a series of resol prepolymers synthesized with different amounts and types of catalysts, formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio, reaction temperature and charging steps were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. It is found that the compositions of the resols barely changed with almost all the varying conditions, but the contents of each component were greatly affected by the variation of reaction conditions. Finally, the best conditions for preparing resol crosslinker were obtained. 相似文献
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Rudolf Merten 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1971,10(5):294-301
Investigations on space flight and rockets carried out in particular in the United States have aroused great interest in plastics with enhanced thermal stability. It has become possible to pass far beyond the expected limits of thermal stability with organic plastics, and to synthesize plastics and polymers that can be used at temperatures between about 200 and about 500 °C, a range that formerly appeared to be the exclusive province of inorganic materials. 相似文献
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The drawback of the application for poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) is the low crystalline rate and crystallinity obtaining via normal processing methods. Modifying crystallization of PLLA has been found to be an efficient way to improve its mechanical and heat resistance properties. In this wok, 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (M) and benzohydrazine (P) were employed into PLLA melt to in-situ form nucleating agents. The in-situ melting reaction was confirmed by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The crystallization behavior and crystalline morphology were investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry, a polarized optical microscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The crystalline rate of PLLA was abruptly enhanced by adding (M+P) and melting reaction with PLLA. The crystallization half-time of PLLA dramatically decreased from 42.0 to 1.1 min at 130 °C by the in-situ formation of nucleating agents. The crystallinity of PLLA increased from 10.3 to 42.1 by adding 0.25% (M+P) and melting reaction for 8 min. Furthermore, the size of PLLA crystals was dramatically reduced because of the nucleating effect. Accompanied with improvement on crystallinity, the Vicat softening temperature of PLLA shifted from 57.4 °C to 93.7 °C by the in-situ reaction with 6.00% (M+P), and indicating heat resistance enhancement. 相似文献
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苯并噁嗪最先由 Holly和 Cope在 1 944年通过曼尼奇反应由苯酚、甲醛、胺合成而得 [1] .苯并嗪能够热聚合 .Ishida等 [2 ]在这方面做了大量工作 ,总结了热聚合苯并嗪的两种基本方法 .此外 ,某些苯并嗪还能象聚酚那样通过电化学方法沉积在金属表面形成聚合物来保护金属不受腐蚀[3] .但由于所得聚合物处于绝缘态 ,往往得不到自支撑的聚合物薄膜 .本文从乙腈 /氢氧化钠水溶液的混合溶液体系中成功地合成了一种新的自支撑的聚苯并嗪薄膜 ,其在空气中的热分解温度达 3 60℃ ,对酸、碱表现出很好的化学惰性 ,是一种很好的电极防腐材料 .… 相似文献
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高耐热、低介电常数含氟聚酰亚胺材料的合成与性能研究 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
合成了一系列新型含氟耐高温、低介电常数聚酰亚胺 (PI)材料 ,并对其进行了热性能、电性能等方面的测试 .结果表明 ,这类分子结构中含吡啶环单元的材料可保持PI固有的耐热性能 ,其在氮气下的热分解温度为 545~601℃ ;而侧链的双三氟甲基取代结构一方面使分子具有较高的氟含量 ,另一方面增大了分子的自由体积 ,这两方面的共同作用使得这类材料具有优良的介电性能 ,其介电常数为 2.86~2.91;击穿电压为150.4~197.3kV/mm. 相似文献