基于聚合物核壳纳米粒子的Hg~(2+)比率型荧光检测传感器

采用一步聚合的方法,制备了以疏水的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为核、亲水性的聚电解质支化聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为壳的纳米粒子分散液.将供体荧光团4-胺基-7-硝基-N-辛基苯并[1,2,5]噁二唑(NBD)以包埋的方式在聚合过程中直接引入PMMA核内部,而受体荧光团罗丹明衍生物SRHB通过吸附作用进入PEI-PMMA核壳界面,构成了含有两种不同荧光分子且可对Hg2+进行荧光比率检测的传感器.考察了含荧光分子的聚合物粒子光谱学性质,证明两种荧光分子均被引入了聚合物粒子体系.在汞离子的荧光检测试验中,加入Hg2+后,体系中的NBD荧光强度下降,而罗丹明的特征发射峰在579 nm处出现,并随着Hg2+浓度的增加,受体/供体的荧光强度比值呈现增长趋势.研究还发现,聚合物粒子基荧光探针对于Hg2+具有较好的选择性,且最佳使用范围是体系pH值在5～8之间,其检测Hg2+的最低浓度可达到1μmol/L.     

荧光素衍生物作为Hg2+比色/荧光双模式检测探针及其荧光成像

合成并表征了一种荧光素衍生物——硫代异氰酸苯酯荧光素(FHBS);采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱,在乙醇/4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)(体积比1∶1,pH=7.0)溶液中,研究了FHBS作为检测探针对Hg2+的识别性能.结果表明,该探针对Hg2+具有高选择性和灵敏性,其它阴、阳离子的存在不干扰其对汞离子的测定.另外,Hg2+的加入使探针溶液从无色变为亮黄色,荧光从无色变为亮绿色,因此该探针为Hg2+的比色/荧光双模式探针,并可用于细胞的荧光成像.     

基于芳基炔醛共轭延伸的1,8-萘酰亚胺的高选择性比色和荧光氰离子探针

以N-丁基-4-溴-6-硝基-1,8-萘酰亚胺与邻炔基苯甲醛经Sonogashira偶联反应合成了1个高选择性的氰根离子荧光探针4.在乙腈溶液中,探针4对氰根离子具有比色和荧光双重响应.加入氰根离子后,探针4的紫外-可见光谱在540 nm处产生新吸收峰,溶液由无色变成浅紫色,其他阴离子对探针4的紫外-可见光谱几乎无影响.无CN-存在时,探针4的荧光光谱在484 nm附近产生强荧光,加入CN-后,484 nm处的发射带逐渐消失,同时在600 nm附近产生一组新峰,荧光颜色从浅绿色变成浅棕色.这归因于CN-对不饱和醛基进行加成,进而通过共轭炔基影响萘酰亚胺荧光团上的电荷转移.同时,探针4在乙腈/水(体积比9∶1)混合体系对阴离子的干扰实验进行了详细的研究.     

罗丹明酰肼类荧光探针的合成及对Hg~(2+)的检测

基于金属离子诱导罗丹明螺内酰胺开环反应特性,合成了一种罗丹明酰肼类荧光探针分子RbH。在乙醇-水溶剂中,罗丹明酰肼探针与汞离子作用后吸收光谱出现明显的增强现象,溶液颜色由无色变为粉红;在580nm处探针溶液具有较强的红光发射,实现了对汞离子的裸眼定性分析和荧光半定量检测。     

一种对Hg2 进行裸眼识别和检测的新型罗丹明类荧光探针

以若丹明6G、水合肼和原甲酸三乙酯为原料合成了一种新型的若丹明类荧光探针化合物.采用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、HRMS进行了结构表征,并对其荧光性能进行了研究,结果表明该探针对Hg2+有很好的识别作用.在水和甲醇体系中,探针分子溶液为无色;加入Hg2+,探针分子的最大吸收波长为510nm,荧光强度的最大发射波长为551 nm,探针溶液则呈现浅粉红色,而常见的其他金属离子对其干扰小.当pH小于3.80时,荧光强度显著增加,并显示明亮的粉红色;当pH大于3.80以后,荧光迅速减弱,溶液呈现无色,该探针也可以作为pH探针使用.     

含均二苯乙烯荧光探针的合成及其对金属离子的识别研究

通过Wittig-Horner反应合成了两个含有均二苯乙烯发色团, 一端为N,N-双(2-乙酰氧乙基)氨基受体, 另一端分别为N,N-二甲氨基(DMDE)或N,N-二苯氨基(DPDE)的荧光探针分子. 进行了NMR和MS表征. 测试了加入不同金属离子时探针分子的吸收和荧光光谱变化. 加入Ag+和Zn2+, DMDE在420 nm处出现强的荧光峰, 在600 nm的荧光峰先增强后减弱, 认为发生了分子间的荧光共振能量转移. 而DPDE在加入Ag+和Zn2+, 420 nm处无荧光发射, 600 nm处的荧光红移并减弱.     

罗丹明类荧光探针的合成及对铜离子的检测

合成了罗丹明类Cu2+荧光增强型分子探针3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(N-乙叉基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮（RA）,并研究了它的光谱性能及对铜离子的识别作用.在乙腈/水（体积比1/1）的介质中,当加入Cu2+后探针RA显玫瑰红色,最大吸收波长为548 nm,最大发射波长为571 nm,且荧光强度显著增强,但是,其它常见离子如Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Hg2+不引起或引起很小的紫外/可见或荧光光谱变化.RA的选择性荧光增强主要是由于Cu2+诱导分子中的酰胺闭环结构发生开环,导致分子结构的共轭程度增大.在6.5×10-8～2.9×10-6 mol?L-1范围内RA可以有效检测Cu2+,检测限为5.0×10-8 mol?L-1.RA对Cu2+的识别不可逆,而且探针RA对pH值不敏感,可以在比较宽的范围内（pH=4.1～10.5）高灵敏、高选择性检测Cu2+.     

基于缩硫醛脱保护机制的比例计量型Hg~(2+)荧光探针及其斑马鱼活体造影应用

利用汞离子特异性诱导缩硫醛脱保护,引发分子内电荷转移发生改变的机制,设计合成了一种新型的激发型比例计量汞离子荧光探针.该探针在与汞离子结合后其最大激发波长由410 nm红移至485 nm,两个波长下的荧光强比值(F485/F410)由0.06增长至5.02.同时该探针对汞离子表现出了良好的比例计量响应选择性和较快的响应速度,并且检测限低于美国环境保护组织的饮用水标准.共聚焦造影研究发现,该探针可以应用于活细胞及5天龄斑马鱼幼体中的汞离子的检测.利用该性质对Hg2+在斑马鱼体内分布及毒性进行了初步的研究.     

基于1,8-萘酰亚胺与罗丹明B间荧光共振能量转移的高选择性Hg2+比率荧光探针

以罗丹明B与1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺反应合成了1个高选择性Hg²⁺比率荧光探针(RN). 在甲醇/乙腈/4-羟基哌嗪乙磺酸缓冲溶液(pH=7.2, 体积比8:1:1)中, RN对Hg²⁺具有比色和比率荧光双重响应. 加入Hg²⁺后, RN的紫外-可见光谱在约556 nm处产生强吸收, 溶液由浅绿色变为橙色, 其它金属离子对RN的紫外-可见光谱几乎无影响. 无Hg²⁺存在时, RN的荧光光谱在540 nm处出现萘二甲酰亚胺荧光团的特征峰; 加入Hg²⁺后, 540 nm处的发射带逐渐消失, 同时在580 nm附近产生强荧光, 荧光颜色从绿色变为橙色. 这归因于从萘酰亚胺到开环罗丹明B的荧光共振能量转移(FRET), 探针RN对Hg²⁺的比率荧光响应具有高选择性, 不受其它共存金属离子的干扰.     

一种对Hg~(2+)进行裸眼识别和检测的新型若丹明类荧光探针

以若丹明6G、水合肼和原甲酸三乙酯为原料合成了一种新型的若丹明类荧光探针化合物。采用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR、HRMS进行了结构表征,并对其荧光性能进行了研究,结果表明该探针对Hg2+有很好的识别作用。在水和甲醇体系中,探针分子溶液为无色;加入Hg2+,探针分子的最大吸收波长为510nm,荧光强度的最大发射波长为551nm,探针溶液则呈现浅粉红色,而常见的其他金属离子对其干扰小。当p H小于3.80时,荧光强度显著增加,并显示明亮的粉红色;当p H大于3.80以后,荧光迅速减弱,溶液呈现无色,该探针也可以作为p H探针使用。     

咔唑-二氨基马来腈类荧光探针的合成及对Cu2+和ClO-的检测

利用咔唑醛与二氨基马来腈合成了一种对Cu²⁺和ClO^-的响应的荧光探针分子CMN。探针分子与Cu²⁺作用后,紫外吸收光谱在394 nm处的吸光度迅速下降,颜色由黄色褪至无色;荧光光谱在452 nm处的发射峰迅速增强,出现明显的蓝色荧光。探针与ClO^-作用后,溶液发生褪色,并在375 nm和394 nm出现强荧光发射,发出淡蓝色荧光。CMN通过配位过程实现了对Cu²⁺的检测,其检测限为47μmol/L;CMN在ClO^-催化下亚胺键水解得到咔唑醛,实现了对ClO^-的检测,检测限3.06μmol/L。CMN可作为荧光检测试纸快速检测环境中的Cu²⁺和ClO^-。     

"Turn-on" fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ via displacement approach

A new Cu2+ compound Cu- NB, (where H2 NB is bis(2-hydroxyl-naphthalene-carboxaldehyde) benzil dihydrazone) was synthesized as a highly selective fluorescence chemosensor for the detection of Hg2+ in aqueous media through a displacement "turn-on" signaling strategy. Whereas the coordination of Cu2+ resulted in a considerable quenching of the typical luminescence of the naphthol rings in Cu-NB, the addition of Hg2+ ion led to a dramatic increase in the emission intensity of Cu-NB at about 530 nm (excitation at 430 nm). The competitive fluorescent experiments showed that alkali, alkaline earth metal ions, the group 12 metals Zn2+, Cd2+, the first-row transition-metal ions such as Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, as well as Pb2+ could not inhibit the Hg2+-binding fluorescent enhancement. It is postulated that the existence of Cu2+ in the luminescent probe Cu-NB could turn away the interferences of other metal cations from Hg2+ detection. The optical responses of the free ligand upon addition of Cu2+ ion, and of the Hg-H2NB compound upon the addition of Cu2+ were also investigated for comparisons.     

2,5-di-[2-(3,5-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine -4-hydroxy-phenyl) ethylene] pyrazine zinc complex as fluorescent probe for labeling proteins

The binding characteristics between 2,5-di-[2-(3,5-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine -4-hydroxy-phenyl) ethylene] pyrazine (1) or its complex (1-Zn) and serum albumins were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. 1-Zn emitted weak fluorescence at 580 nm in a pH 7.4 Tris-HCl buffer solution when excited at 435 nm, however, the fluorescence intensity increased upon addition of serum albumins with the blue shift of emission peak to 524 nm. The binding constants were estimated as 8.40 x 10(7) and 3.03 x 10(6)mol(-1)L for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) respectively, and the number of binding sites was 1 for each. The quenching mechanism of fluorescence of serum albumins by 1-Zn was considered as a static quenching process. The binding distance between 1-Zn and serum albumins and the energy transfer efficiency were obtained based on the theory of F?rester spectroscopy energy transfer. The effect of 1-Zn on the conformation of serum albumins was further analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. The experiment results clearly showed that 1-Zn is a highly sensitive protein sensor.     

6-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-2-naphthoylacryl Acid: a Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor of Copper(II)

A novel fluorescent probe, 6-(N,N-dimethylamino)-2-naphthoylacryl acid(ACADAN) was designed and synthesized as a fluorescent sensor for Cu²⁺ in aqueous media. Significant amplification of fluorescence signals without causing any discernible change of maximum fluorescence emission wavelength(λ_max) was observed upon the addition of Cu²⁺. Importantly, ACADAN is capable of recognizing Cu²⁺ selectively in aqueous media in the presence of various biologically relevant metal ions and the prevalent toxic metal ions in the environment with high sensitivity(detection limit was 0.1 μmol/L).     

可视化辅助碳点荧光比色法检测水中痕量汞离子

利用巯基功能化碳点(M-CDs)构建用于检测水中Hg^2+的荧光探针。红外光谱证实M-CDs被巯基(-SH)成功修饰,透射电镜显示M-CDs的平均粒径约为4.88 nm。XRD晶型表征显示M-CDs具有类石墨烯结构。由于银硫醇盐的团聚作用,M-CDs溶液中加入Ag^+可快速形成M-CDs/Ag的棕色沉淀,并引起M-CDs的荧光猝灭。用PBS缓冲液(0.01 mol/L,pH 7.4)溶解沉淀物而形成检测Hg^2+的荧光传感器。在传感体系中加入Hg^2+后,M-CDs荧光明显恢复。在Hg^2+浓度为0.01~0.55 nmol/L范围内,检测体系荧光恢复强度与Hg^2+浓度成良好线性关系,检测限(LOD,3σ/k)4.2 pmol/L。该探针对Hg^2+表现出良好的选择性,同时可以通过可视化辅助判断探针的选择性。该传感器可用于对实际水样的检测,为Hg^2+污染监测提供技术依据。     

Reversible fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of mercapto biomolecules

A coumarin-derived complex, Hg(2)L(2), was reported as a highly sensitive and selective probe for the detection of mercapto biomolecules in aqueous solution. The addition of Cys to a 99% aqueous solution of Hg(2)L(2) resulted in rapid and remarkable fluorescence OFF-ON (emission at 525 nm) due to the ligand-exchange reaction of Cys with L coordinated to Hg(2+). The increased fluorescence can be completely quenched by Hg(2+) and recovered again by the subsequent addition of Cys. Such a fluorescence OFF-ON circle can be repeated at least 10 times by the alterative addition of Cys and Hg(2+) to the solution of Hg(2)L(2), indicating that it can be used as a convertible and reversible probe for the detection of Cys. The interconversion of Hg(2)L(2) and L via the decomplexation/complexation by the modulation of Cys/Hg(2+) was definitely verified from their crystal structures. Other competitive amino acids without a thiol group cannot induce any fluorescence changes, implying that Hg(2)L(2) can selectively determine mercapto biomolecules. Using confocal fluorescence imaging, L/Hg(2)L(2) as a pair of reversible probes can be further applied to track and monitor the self-detoxification process of Hg(2+) ions in SYS5 cells.     

Exploring the interaction of mercury(II) by N(2)S(2) and NS(3) anthracene-containing macrocyclic ligands: photophysical, analytical, and structural studies

The complexation properties toward Hg(II) of six macrocyclic ligands, 3,11-dithia-7,17-diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17),13,15-triene (L1), 7-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-3,11-dithia-7,17-diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17),13,15-triene (L2), 7-(10-methyl-9-anthracenylmethyl)-3,11-dithia-7,17-diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17),13,15-triene (L3), 7,7'-[9,10-anthracenediylbis(methylene)]bis-3,11-dithia-7,17-diazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17),13,15-triene (L4), 1,4,7-trithia-11-azacyclotetradecane (L5), and 11,-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-trithia-11-azacyclotetradecane (L6), were studied. The stoichiometries of the formed species were determined from absorption and fluorescence titrations. In these anthracene-containing macrocycles, a fluorescent quenching of the emission was found upon Hg(II) addition. The X-ray crystal structure of [HgCl2(L2)] x 1/2CH2Cl2 was determined. The asymmetric unit contains two independent [HgCl2(L2)] molecules and one dichloromethane molecule. Each Hg(II) ion is coordinated by the pyridine nitrogen, the two sulfur atoms of one L2 molecule, and two chloride ions. Analytical studies using solvent extraction separation of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions were performed to determine the Hg(II) extraction capability of ligands L1, L2, and L5.     

用于检测细胞内谷胱甘肽的比率型荧光探针

设计合成了1种用于检测生物巯基的比率型荧光探针(4),并考察了其对谷胱甘肽的识别作用.在4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液中,探针4可与谷胱甘肽快速反应,溶液颜色由淡黄色变为粉红色,从而实现"裸眼"检测,且在608 nm处的荧光信号增强.在1.6×10-5~2×10-4mol/L范围内,探针4能够定量检测谷胱甘肽,检出限为8.9×10-7mol/L.此外,探针4还可用于MCF-7细胞中谷胱甘肽的成像.     

Carbazole‐based colorimetric and fluorescent probe for Cu2+ and its utility in bio‐imaging and real water samples

A new carbazole functionalized Schiff base CBM was synthesized and characterized. CBM can selectively recognize Cu²⁺ via UV–vis and fluorescence signal among common biologically relevant metal ions. When Cu²⁺ was added to CBM, there was a significant enhancement at the maximum absorption wavelength of 393 nm and with a distinct blue shift. The maximum emission peak was significantly attenuated by a factor of about 15 times at 535 nm and the blue shift of emission wavelength was observed. When other metal ions were added, there was no remarkable change at the maximum absorption and emission peak. Under the illumination of 365 nm ultraviolet lamp, the color of the CBM solution changed from light blue to dark blue after the addition of Cu²⁺. The combination mechanism of CBM with Cu²⁺ was nicely explored by density functional theory studies. The probe CBM has good cell permeability, fluorescence electron microscopy experiments show that CBM can be used as a fluorescent probe to detect the presence or absence of Cu²⁺ in Hela cells. Furthermore, the probe CBM can also be used for the detection of copper ions in actual water samples.