理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气中H2O和O2对CH4与NO反应的影响

共沉淀法制备CeZrYLa+LaAl 复合氧化物载体, 等体积浸渍法制备了Pt 催化剂, 用于研究理论空燃比天然气汽车(NGVs)尾气净化反应中CH₄与NO的反应规律. 并考察了10% (体积分数, φ)H₂O和计量比O₂对CO₂存在时的CH₄+NO反应的影响. 结果表明: 对于不同条件下的NO+CH₄反应, 主要生成N₂和CO₂, 高温区有CO生成. 低温区无O₂时可以生成N₂O, 有O₂时可以生成NO₂; 添加10% (φ)的H₂O后, CH₄ 转化活性降低, NO转化活性基本不变, 这是由于H₂O减弱了CH₄与CO₂的重整反应, 但是对CH₄与NO的反应基本没有影响; 添加计量比的O₂后, CH₄转化活性提高, 而NO转化活性降低, 这是由于O₂和NO之间存在竞争吸附, CH₄被O₂氧化为主要反应, 从而减弱了NO的转化; 同时添加计量比的O₂和10% (φ) H₂O, CH₄与CO₂的重整反应受到抑制,CH₄与NO的反应、甲烷蒸汽重整反应和甲烷被O₂氧化反应同时发生, CH₄和NO的转化活性均提高.     

邻苯二酚自氧化反应的动力学研究

利用单扫示波极谱法（并辅助光谱法）研究了邻苯三酚在ＰＨ７．２０－９．１０的ＴｒｉｓＨＣｌ缓冲体系中自氧化反应的动力学，结果表明，在过量溶解存在时，反应对邻苯三酚为一级，在一定ＰＨ范围内，准一级反应表观率常数ｋａｐｐ随ＰＨ值的增加而增加，说明Ｈ２ＰＹＲ比Ｈ３ＰＹＲ对溶解Ｏ２具有更高的反应活性，探讨了邻苯三酚生成半醌自由基和活性氧的反应的机理，用速度方程解释了实验现象，并为酶活力测定和药物抗氧活性研究     

不同气氛下煤连续热解产物的分配规律及产品品质分析

在连续进出料的流化床中研究了热解温度为850 ℃时,含有O₂、H₂、CO、CO₂、CH₄的反应气氛对热解产物分配规律及产品组成的影响。采用Raman、BET等测试方法对不同热解气氛下制得半焦的品质进行了评价,结合热重分析了影响半焦反应活性的因素。结果表明,无O₂气氛下,H₂与CO₂存在时降低了焦油产率,而CO与CH₄促进了焦油的生成。CH₄的裂解析碳使半焦产率上升。O₂的加入使CO₂、CO含量明显增加,半焦及焦油产率降低。N₂中引入O₂时,PAHs含量降低。CH₄促进了烷基萘与苯类的生成,CO则抑制酚类裂解生成苯类。CO₂的气化作用促进了微孔的生成,相应地,半焦的比表面积快速增加,半焦的反应活性也最高。CO歧化与CH₄热裂解产生的析碳堵塞了部分孔道,降低了比表面积。H₂与CH₄所产生的氢自由基能渗透到半焦内部,引起半焦结构的缩聚,进而影响氧化反应活性。     

过氧化氢调控藜芦醇介导木素过氧化物酶催化氧化邻苯三酚红研究

木素过氧化物酶(LiP)催化H₂O₂氧化邻苯三酚红(PR)反应的氧化产物受H₂O₂与PR的摩尔比控制, H₂O₂与PR的摩尔比不同, 所得降解产物不一样. 分析表明, H₂O₂在LiP催化氧化PR过程中的双重作用(即低浓度的H₂O₂是LiP的激活剂, 高浓度的H₂O₂是LiP的抑制剂)是导致上述现象的根本原因. 藜芦醇(VA)对LiP催化氧化PR的反应有促进作用, 尤其是当H₂O₂与PR的摩尔比较高时这种促进作用更为明显; 然而PR对LiP催化氧化VA的反应却有抑制作用. 后者可以用来解释为什么在用白腐菌降解染料时在培养液中常常检测不到LiP的藜芦醇活力. 分析表明, VA的存在不但促进了LiP酶中间体LiP(II)和/或LiP(III)向LiP的转化, 使LiP的催化循环加速, VA生成的VA^＋·也间接氧化了染料PR, 从而使PR的氧化速率提高.     

丙烯直接气相环氧化反应中原料气组成优化的研究

针对丙烯直接环氧化过程中原料气组成存在的问题，即大量稀释气以及O₂无法完全转化，通过计算无稀释气条件下O₂、 H₂和C₃H₆混合气体的爆炸限数据，得出O₂体积含量的安全范围（≤10%），移除了稀释气；通过考察了O₂体积含量及H₂/C₃H₆体积比对反应的影响，确定最优原料气组成为H₂/O₂/C₃H₆=62%/7%/31%，使O₂在反应过程中全部转化。并在此基础上研究了温度、压力和空速对反应的影响，探究了催化剂失活的原因。     

O2/CO2气氛下CO2和H2O气化反应对煤及煤焦燃烧特性的影响

利用热天平对比研究了大同煤及煤焦在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的燃烧行为,探讨CO₂和H₂O气化反应对其富氧燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,在5%氧气浓度下,煤粉在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的燃烧速率按顺序依次降低。氧气浓度降低到2%,由于CO₂和H₂O气化反应的作用,煤粉在高温区的整体反应速率按顺序依次增大。当氧气浓度为5%时,煤焦在O₂/CO₂中的燃烧速率要低于O₂/N₂中的燃烧速率,但燃烧反应推迟后气化反应的参与使得煤焦在O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的整体反应速率显著升高。当氧气浓度降低到2%后,随着温度的升高,在CO₂气化反应的作用下,煤焦在O₂/CO₂中的整体反应速率逐渐高于O₂/N₂中的燃烧速率。在O₂/H₂O/CO₂中,由于H₂O在共气化中起主要作用,煤焦在O₂/H₂O/CO₂高温区的整体反应速率进一步升高。动力学分析表明,在5%氧浓度时,煤焦在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的表观活化能依次升高。随着氧气浓度的降低,在不同反应气氛中的表观活化能均有所下降。     

微量热法研究超氧化物歧化酶反应

用微量热法研究了以过氧化氢酶反应为氧产生体系、以邻苯三酚自氧化反应为底物产生体系的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)催化超氧阴离子歧化反应的热动力学 ,测得 2 98 1 5K和pH 8 0时SOD反应和邻苯三酚自氧化反应的摩尔反应焓分别为- 1 6 0 .1和 - 2 1 8kJ·mol-1,并建立了一种新的SOD活力测定方法———微量热测活法 .实验结果表明 ,SOD对邻苯三酚自氧化反应的动力学参数及反应机理没有影响 ,在无SOD存在和有SOD存在时该自氧化反应在限量氧气条件下均遵循二级反应动力学 (对邻苯三酚和氧气各为一级 ) ,2 98 1 5K和 pH 8 0时其二级速率常数分别为 1 2 5和 1 30L·mol-1·s-1,同时提出了SOD抑制邻苯三酚自氧化反应的可能机理 .     

基于CoFe(Ⅲ)PBA/GO过氧化物模拟酶化学发光法检测H2O2和抗坏血酸

制备了一种具有过氧化物酶活性的类普鲁士蓝/氧化石墨烯复合纳米材料(CoFe(Ⅲ)PBA/GO)。将具有过氧化物酶活性的CoFe(Ⅲ)PBA/GO和化学发光法相结合,构建了一种用于检测H₂O₂和抗坏血酸(AA)的化学发光分析法。CoFe(Ⅲ)PBA/GO催化H₂O₂产生的O₂·^-,·OH,1O₂自由基氧化Luminol会产生很强的化学发光信号,通过检测化学发光强度可以实现对H₂O₂的检测。该方法检测H₂O₂的线性范围为0~0.8μmol/L,检测限为11 nmol/L。利用AA作为活性氧消除剂可以抑制化学发光反应的特点,实现了AA的检测。该方法测定AA的线性范围为0.02~0.8μmol/L,检测限为20 nmol/L。方法已应用于H₂O₂消毒水中H₂O₂和维生素C片中抗坏血酸的检测。     

非贵金属催化剂用于CO选择性氧化脱除的研究

以Co和Ni为催化剂活性组分、活性炭为载体,通过饱和浸渍法制得非贵金属催化剂,采用XRD、SEM和TPD对催化剂性能进行表征,考察了该催化剂用于富氢气中CO选择性氧化活性及H₂O或/和CO₂对催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,催化剂以NiO和高分散的Co₃O₄为主要物相,催化剂吸附O₂的能力随着金属氧化物负载量的增加而增加,且催化剂对O₂分子的吸附能力明显强于CO₂分子。金属氧化物负载量为35%的催化剂表现出较高的CO选择性氧化活性和选择性,在低于473K时O₂氧化选择性达50%以上,此时可将CO浓度降到40×10^-6以下,达到燃料电池对氢燃料气的要求。同时,催化剂表现出较强的抗水蒸气和CO₂的能力。     

Amplification effects of magnetic field on hydroxylamine-promoted ZVI/H2O2 near-neutral Fenton like system

This study has demonstrated an interesting amplification effect of magnetic field（MF） on the hydroxylamine（HA）-promoted zero valent iron（ZVI）/H2 O₂ Fenton-like system.Sulfamethoxazole（SMX） could be efficiently degraded at near neutral pH.Conditional parameters affecting the SMX degradation in the ZVI/H₂ O₂/HA/MF system,e.g.,pH and the dosages of ZVI,HA and H₂ O₂,were investigated.Unlike the acid-favorable ZVI/H₂ O₂ and ...     

Autooxidation Mechanism of Pyrogallol and Its Free Radical Effects Studied by Means of ESR, UV and NMR*

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｙｒｏｇａｌｏｌ（ｐｙｒｏｇａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ）ｉｓｅａｓｉｌｙａｕｔｏ－ｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄ,ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｓｕｎｄｅｒａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ［１］．Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｂｏｄｙｉｓｓｉｃｋ,ｔｈｅ...     

血卟啉衍生物光照产生超氧化物阴离子自由基的一些观察

用氮蓝四唑(NBT)、细胞色素C还原及DMPO自旋捕集技术等三种方法分别在磷酸缓冲液、甲醇及二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,测定超氧化物阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)。并与核黄素光照及邻苯三酚自氧化等二种已知产生O₂^-·系统相比较。结果表明:血卟啉衍生物光敏反应原初过程O₂^-·产率很低,水及DMSO等溶剂对OT的测定均有影响。     

中药对超氧阴离子自由基清除率的测定

邻苯三酚在碱性溶液中的自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.),可迅速氧化天青Ⅰ褪色。中药提取物可以抑制O2-.氧化天青Ⅰ褪色,根据该原理建立了一种测定中药对O2-.清除率的新方法。测定体系最佳实验条件为pH 9.0,天青Ⅰ用量为5.0 mL,邻苯三酚用量为0.8 mL,反应时间9 min。测得六种中药的提取液清除O2-.的效果,结果表明,清除能力顺序为:车前子>枸杞>川芎>当归>茯苓>射干。     

Theoretical study of rhodium(III)-catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid. Significant differences in reactivity among rhodium(III), rhodium(I), and ruthenium(II) complexes

The title reaction was theoretically investigated, where cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(3)](+) and cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+) were adopted as models of the catalyst. The first step of the catalytic cycle is the CO(2) insertion into the Rh(III)-H bond, of which the activation barrier (E(a)) is 47.2 and 28.4 kcal/mol in cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(3)](+) and cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+), respectively, where DFT(B3LYP)-calculated E(a) values (kcal/mol unit) are given hereafter. These results indicate that an active species is not cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(3)](+) but cis-[RhH(2)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+). After the CO(2) insertion, two reaction courses are possible. In one course, the reaction proceeds through isomerization (E(a) = 2.8) of [RhH(eta(1)- OCOH)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](+), five-centered H-OCOH reductive elimination (E(a) = 2.7), and oxidative addition of H(2) to [Rh(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](+) (E(a) = 5.8). In the other one, the reaction proceeds through isomerization of [RhH(eta(1)-OCOH)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)(H(2))](+) (E(a) = 5.9) and six-centered sigma-bond metathesis of [RhH(eta(1)-OCOH)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+) with H(2) (no barrier). RhH(PH(3))(2)-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO(2) proceeds through CO(2) insertion (E(a) = 1.6) and either the isomerization of Rh(eta(1)-OCOH)(PH(3))(2)(H(2)) (E(a) = 6.1) followed by the six-centered sigma-bond metathesis (E(a) = 0.3) or H(2) oxidative addition to Rh(eta(1)-OCOH)(PH(3))(2) (E(a) = 7.3) followed by isomerization of RhH(2)(eta(1)-OCOH)(PH(3))(2) (E(a) = 6.2) and the five-centered H-OCOH reductive elimination (E(a) = 1.9). From these results and our previous results of RuH(2)(PH(3))(4)-catalyzed hydrogenation of CO(2) (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3867), detailed discussion is presented concerning differences among Rh(III), Rh(I), and Ru(II) complexes.     

Spektralphotometrische Bestimmung von Niob in Platin-Niob-Legierungen

The method employs pyrogallol as reagent and is suitable for the determination of 0.1–1.0% of niobium. Separation of platinum from niobium is achieved by dissolving the alloy in aqua regia and precipitating the dissolved niobium by addition of cupferron. The effect of platinum on the spectrophotometric determination of niobium using PAR, BPR and pyrogallol is studied in detail.     

Microcalorimetric studies on the dismutation of superoxide anion catalyzed by superoxide dismutase

Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ(ＳＯＤ,ＥＣ1.15.1.1),ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄａｎｄｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｂｏｖｉｎｅｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｃｙｔｅｓｂｙＭｃＣｏｒｄａｎｄＦｒｉｄｏｖｉｃｈｉｎ1969[1],ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｔｉｏｘｉｄａｎｔｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｅｎｚｙｍｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄｉｎａｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｌｉｖｉｎｇｔｈｉｎｇｓａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒ…     

Synthesis,characterization and applications of polysiloxane networks with immobilized pyrogallol ligands

A porous, solid insoluble polysiloxane‐immobilized ligand system bearing pyrogallol active sites of the general formula P? (CH₂)₃? NH(CH₂)₃OC₆H₃(OH)₂ (where P represents [Si? O]_n siloxane network) has been prepared by the reaction of 3‐aminopropylpolysiloxane with 1,3‐dibromopropane followed by the reaction with pyrogallol. ¹³C CP‐MAS NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the pyrogallol is chemically bonded to the siloxane backbone. Thermal analysis showed that the ligand system is stable under nitrogen at relatively high temperature. The polysiloxane–pyrogallol ligand system exhibits high potential for the uptake of the metal ions (Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺). Complexation of the pyrogallol ligand system for the metal ions at the optimum conditions was found to be in the order Fe³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-derived polyfunctional antioxidants 2. Synthesis of 2-dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and their antioxidant profile <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> 2-dodecylthiomethyl-substituted analogs

A number of 2-dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized from the corresponding 5-alkoxy-2-iodomethyl-substituted derivatives. The rate constants of the reaction with peroxide radicals and stoichiometric coefficients of inhibition were measured for the synthesized compounds and their 2-dodecylthiomethyl substituted analogs in the model reaction of initiated styrene oxidation. The dissociation energies of O–H bond were also calculated. 2-Dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans exceed their sulfurcontaining analogs and tocopherols by antioxidant activity in the thermal autooxidation of methyl oleate by a factor of 9–14 and 19–20, respectively.     

Fabrication of novel Fe (III), Co (II), Hg (II), and Pd (II) complexes based on water-soluble ligand (NaH2PH): structural characterization,cyclic voltammetric,powder X-ray diffraction,zeta potential,and biological studies

Sodium4-hydroxy-3-([2-picolinoylhydrazineylidene]methyl)benzenesulfonate (NaH₂PH) was synthesized as a novel water-soluble ligand, by the condensation of picolinohydrazide with sodium 3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate. The (NaH₂PH) ligand and its isolated Co (II), Fe (III), Hg (II), and Pd (II) complexes were analyzed by elemental analysis and characterized by spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible, powder XRD, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, MS) and magnetic measurements. By comparing IR spectra of both ligand and the metal complexes, one can assume that the (NaH₂PH) ligand behaves as a bi-negative tetradentate (ONNO) in [Co (NaPH)(H₂O)₂].3H₂O, and a mono-negative tridentate (ONO) in [Fe (NaPH)Cl₂(H₂O)] complex, whereas in [Hg₂(NaPH)Cl₂(H₂O)] complex, (NaH₂PH) coordinates as a bi-negative pentadentate (ONNNO) ligand via deprotonated OH group of phenolic ring (C=N)_Py and (C=N*) coordinated to one of Hg (II) ion and the oxygen atom of enolic group and (C=N)_az group with the another Hg (II) ion. Moreover, (NaH₂PH) acts as bi-negative tridentate (ONO) ligand in [Pd (NaPH)(H₂O)].2H₂O complex. The geometries of complexes were suggested based on the UV–visible spectra, magnetic measurements and confirmed by applying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) optimization studies. The thermal fragmentation of both [Pd (NaPH)(H₂O)].2H₂O and [Co (NaPH)(H₂O)₂].3H₂O complexes was performed, and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were computed using the Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger methods. The redox behavior of divalent ions of cobalt and mercury were discussed by the cyclic voltammetry technique in the presence and absence of (NaH₂PH) ligand. Biological potencies of the ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated as antioxidants (ABTS and DPPH), anticancer, DNA, and antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as Gram (+) bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram (−) bacteria, and Candida albicans as fungi).     

Determination of exchangeable protons in natural organic matter using a home-made hydrogen/carbon analyser

A home made hydrogen/carbon analyser was used to determine the portion of exchangeable protons in aquatic humic substances. For this purpose, equal sample amounts were dissolved in H2O and D2O, respectively, dried and combusted in a stream of oxygen. The amount of water resulting from combustion was measured by an infrared detector which recorded the OH bending vibration of H2O. The bands stemming from HOD or D2O were not registered by the detection unit. Thus, combustion of organic samples containing exchangeable protons dissolved in D2O resulted in a significantly smaller signal compared to the signal observed for the same sample dissolved in H2O. The relative intensity loss of the H2O signal observed after combustion was used to derive the portion of exchangeable protons in a standard reference material, a humic substance isolated by the International Humic Substances Society (Suwannee River fulvic acid). According to this method about 20% of the sample protons could be identified as exchangeable protons. With regard to titration data the portion of protons bound to non acidic hydroxy functions could be estimated. The validity of this procedure was proved by combustion experiments using commercially available deuterated substances as well as organic model compounds dissolved in D2O and H2O, respectively.