双（正辛基亚磺酰）乙烷—磷酸三丁酯体系协同萃取钯的性能和机理研究

合成了烷基双亚砜类化合物（正辛基亚磺酰）乙烷Ｃ８Ｈ１７－Ｏ＝２－（ＳＨ２）２－Ｏ＝Ｓ－Ｃ８Ｈ１７（简称ＢＯＳＥ），研究了ＢＯＳＥ－磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）二元中性体系不Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的协同萃取行为。试验表明，在４－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ介质中，该体系能定量地协同萃取Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）。还研究了协萃Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）的各种条件；Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）萃合物的反萃方法，萃取容量；共存离子的干扰情况，用本协萃体系对合成样品中的Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）进行     

聚乙烯吡咯啉酮—盐—水液—固萃取体系分离纯化α—淀粉酶的研究

本文研究了α－淀粉酶，酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白在聚乙烯吡咯啉酮－盐－水液－固萃取体系中的萃取行为，着重讨论了ＰＨ值、（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４浓度及激活剂ＮａＣｌ对酶萃取订的影响。     

CuSO4—氨化P507—n—C6H14体系平衡常数的计算

用热力学方法研究了酸性磷取剂与金属体系间的平衡计算模型，萃取体系的水相采用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ半经验公式求算γＣｕ＾２＋，有机相用热力学关系求出了水，正己烷和萃取剂的活度系数，实验结果用Ｓｃｈａｔｃｈａｒｄ－Ｈｉｌｄｅｂｒａｎｄ模型关系，并经回归处理，得到了萃取反应热力学平衡常数及萃合物的活度系数。     

苯基硫脲—磷酸三丁酯二元中性体系对钯的协同萃取研究

本文研究了苯基硫脲－磷酸三丁酯组成的二元中性体系在ＨＣｌ介质中Ｐｄ（ＩＩ）的萃取行为，发现该体系有明显的协同萃取效应。实验证明：在０．５－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ介质中，该体系能定量萃取Ｐｄ（ＩＩ）。文中研究了萃取的最佳条件，试验了反萃取条件及共存离子对Ｐｄ（ＩＩ）萃取的影响。用斜率法测得萃合物的组成为Ｐｄ：ＰＴＵ：ＰＴＢ＝１：２：２，采用电子吸收光谱及红外光谱对协萃机理及萃合物的结构作了探讨。     

硫酸铵存在下碘化物—结晶紫—丙醇体系萃取分离镉

研究了硫酸铵存在下，碘化物－结晶紫－丙醇体系萃取镉的行为以及丙醇水溶液的分相条件，试验表明，丙醇作为萃取溶剂，能萃取中性离子缔合物，调节溶液ｐＨ＝１．０或ｐＨ＝４．０，该体系使能Ｃｄ＾２＋，从常见过渡元素Ｆｅ＾３＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｒ＾３＋的混合液中分离出来。     

一种新的FI—液液萃取重力分相器的设计及其分析性能研究

本文设计了一种适用于各种萃取体系并能与原子光谱仪和分光光度计联用的ＦＩ液液萃取重力分相器。用该分相器分别研究了ＦＩ－ＭＩＢＫ萃取－ＦＡＡＳ测定金和ＦＩ－ＣＣｌ４萃取－分光光度法测定碘的分析性能。结果表明，该分相器操作简单，分相完全，是一种较理想的重力分相器。     

用吐温80—盐—水液—固萃取体系从兔肌中分离纯化乳酸脱氢酶

用吐温８０－盐－水液－固萃取体系从兔肌中分离纯化乳酸脱氢酶＊柳畅先邓江天雷锦桂游文淑李步海（中南民族学院化学系武汉４３００７４）关键词液－固萃取吐温８０乳酸脱氢酶中图分类号Ｏ６５８．２非有机溶剂液－固萃取体系是一种新的萃取体系，其特点之一是聚合物固相...     

硫酸铵—水杨基荧光酮—乙醇体系萃取分离钼

研究了硫酸铵－水杨基荧光酮－乙醇体系萃取钼的行为及乙醇水溶液的分相条件，试验表明，作为萃取溶剂的乙醇，能萃取电中性螯合物又能萃取带电荷螯合物，当溶液ｐＨ１～２，能使Ｍｏ（Ⅵ）与Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），Ｃｕ（Ⅱ），Ｃｏ（Ⅱ），Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）分离。     

1,10—双（1′—苯基—3′—甲基—5′—氧代吡唑—4′—基）癸二酮—（1,10）？…

研究了１，１０－双（１′－苯基－３′－甲基－５′－氧代吡唑－４－基）癸二酮－（１，１０）（ＢＰＭＰＤＤ，Ｈ２Ａ）与三苯基氧化膦（ＴＰＰＯ，Ｂ）的氯仿溶液从硝酸介质中对Ｓｎ（Ⅲ）的协同萃取行为，计算了体系的酸性协萃系数ＲＡ和协萃系数Ｒ，用斜率法测得协萃合物的组成为ＳｍＡ．ＨＡ．Ｂ，计算了协萃平衡常数，用萃取法制得了固态协萃合物，并对其组成ＩＲ及ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ进行了研究。     

铁钴镍铜锌镉铝在聚乙二醇—硫酸铵—茜素S体系中萃取分离

本文用茜素Ｓ作萃取剂，研究了Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ａｌ在聚乙二醇－硫酸铵－茜素Ｓ体系中的非有机溶剂萃取行为。实验结果表明，在ｐＨ５的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ与茜素Ｓ的络合物可被ＰＥＧ相几乎完全萃取，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ部分被萃取，而Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ则不被萃取，从而实现了Ｆｅ与Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ及Ａｌ与Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ混合离子间的定量分离。     

Studies on Liquid/liquid Extraction of Copper Ion with Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Room temperature ionic liquids are regarded as “Green solvents” for their nonvolatile and thermally stable properties. They are employed to replace traditional volatile organic solvents in organic synthesis, solvent extraction, and electrochemistry. In this work, a water immiscible room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C₄mim][PF₆], was used as an alternative solvent for liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions. Metal chelators, including dithizone, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol, were employed to form neutral metal‐chelate complexes with copper ions so that copper ions were extracted from aqueous solution into [C₄mim][PF₆]. The parameters that affect the extraction of copper ions with this biphasic system were investigated. The extraction behavior in this novel biphasic system is shown to be consistent with that of traditional solvents. For example, the extraction with this biphasic system is strongly pH dependent. So, the extraction efficiency of coppers ion from an aqueous phase can be manipulated by tailoring the pH value of the extraction system. Hence, the extraction, separation and preconcentraction of copper ions can be accomplished by controlling the pH value of the extraction system. It appears that the use of ionic liquid as an alternate solvent system in liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions is very promising.     

A study on a two-component liquid membrane system

A novel two-component liquid membrane system in which one of the components, polyethylene glycol, acts as both carrier and surfactant, is described. The composition and the stability of the two-component liquid membrane system are discussed in terms of surfactant concentration, base concentration in the internal phase, acidity of the external phase, the concentration of the counter-anion SCN^? in the cation extraction, etc. The extraction efficiency and the permeation mechanism of the system are compared with that of conventional three-component liquid membranes. Obviously, the nature of the system is quite different from three-component liquid membranes and conventional solvent extraction, although the system of solvent extraction also contains two components.     

Different methods to select the best extraction system for solid‐phase extraction

The optimization methods for planning a solid‐phase extraction experiment are presented. These methods are based on a study of interactions between different parts of an extraction system. Determination of the type and strength of interaction depends on the physicochemical properties of the individual components of the system. The main parameters that determine the extraction properties are described in this work. The influence of sorbents’ and solvents’ polarity on extraction efficiency, Hansen solubility parameters and breakthrough volume determination on sorption and desorption extraction step are discussed.     

Kinetic studies on the solvent extraction of uranium(VI) from phosphoric acid solution with HDEHP using laser-induced optical fiber fluorimetry

Laser-induced optical fiber fluorimetry has been first used to analyze uranium(VI) concentration in the kinetic studies on the extraction of uranium(VI) between 0.5 mol/l H₃PO₄ solution and HDEHP-cyclohexane system with a Lewis cell. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and concentrations of uranium(VI) and HDEHP on the rate of extraction were examined. These data show that the extraction rate of uranium(VI) in this system is controlled by the chemical reaction at the interface. The rate equations and the rate constants of forward and reverse extraction are obtained. The mechanism of the extraction is discussed.     

皂化P204微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的研究

研究了NaOH皂化P204/正辛烷微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的机理和工艺,考察了大豆加入量、P204的浓度、NaOH的浓度、萃取时间、水相pH值及离子强度等对大豆蛋白萃取率的影响。实验结果表明,该微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的优化工艺条件为:大豆粉与微乳液的质量体积比1∶10,P204在油相中浓度0.8 mol/L,NaOH的浓度1.25 mol/L,萃取时间15 min,外水相pH值5,萃取率可达88.48%。通过调节水相pH和离子强度可实现大豆蛋白的萃取和反萃取。     

Automated liquid-solid extraction of pyrene from soil on centrifugal microfluidic devices

Organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in the environment in increasing concentrations and so are of growing concern. Monitoring these species, particularly on-site, can be both difficult and expensive. This paper presents a novel miniaturised magnetically actuated liquid-solid extraction unit integrated in tandem with a filtration unit and a detection unit on a single centrifugal microfluidic device. A demonstration analyte, pyrene, was rapidly extracted and quantified by UV-absorbance from multiple soil samples. The system showed excellent performance for a system designed for field use. Characterization of two types of passive valves was performed along with an extraction time efficiency study. The system provides a factor of 150 reduction in sample weights and extraction solvent volumes and provides statistically similar recoveries to the conventional method with a pyrene detection limit of 1 ppm (0.03 μg absolute detection limit). The reduction in time and solvent and the potential for field use suggest that this device type may be valuable for environmental monitoring.     

微波萃取法研究进展

对近几年微波萃取法的研究进展及其应用进行了综述。具体介绍了微波萃取的原理、特点、萃取参数及其在环境、生化、食品、化工分析和天然产物提取等领域的应用,并从简化样品预处理步骤、开发微波萃取新技术、探讨萃取机理和改进仪器装置４个方面展望了该法的发展前景,引用文献４６篇     

组合表面活性剂-盐-水双水相体系萃取水杨酸和洛美沙星

通过实验选择聚乙二醇(PEG1500)与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP30000)组合表面活性剂(NH4)2SO4-H2O形成双水相体系及其成相条件。研究水杨酸(APC)和洛美沙星(LFXC)氢键型药物在该双水相体系中的分配行为。结果表明：该体系对APC和LFXC的萃取率分别为102％和69．0％。通过药物在该体系中的紫外吸收光谱及分子荧光光谱的变化,验证其萃取药物的机理。     

HPMBP和二苯胍对Ho~(3+)的协同萃取机理研究

研究了 1-苯基 - 3-甲基 - 4 -苯酰基吡唑酮 - 5(HPMBP)和二苯胍 (DPG)的三氯甲烷溶液对硝酸介质中Ho3+萃取机理。实验结果表明 :在体系Ho3+(～ 10 - 4mol/L)HNO3　NaNO3( μ =0 2 ) /HPMB -DPG -CH3Cl中 ,存在明显的协同效应。利用斜率法测得萃合物的组成为 [HB]+[HoA4 ](HA代表HPMBP ,B代表DPG) ,常温时的萃取平衡常数K =2 7.2 4 ;讨论了协同萃取机理和萃合物的结构。     

Effect of ethanol in the organic phase on liquid-liquid extraction in monosegmented flow analysis. Determination of zinc in drugs

In liquid-liquid extraction performed by monosegmented flow analysis (MSFA), the aqueous sample is introduced between two air bubbles and flows, under restricted dispersion, through a glass extraction tube where the analyte is retained, usually at pH higher than 8. The retained analyte is removed to a small volume of an organic phase containing a ligand which is introduced after the second air bubble. In this work, the effect of the organic phase composition on the extraction of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in MSFA systems was investigated by changing the ethanol content (0.1-4% v/v) in toluene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The extracting efficiency of the organic phases containing ethanol was evaluated by using dithizone (DT), 1-2-pyridylazo-2 naphthol (PAN) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as ligands for the metals. The MSFA extraction system was improved by introducing a new syringe-based device for organic phase delivery. The presence of ethanol in the organic phase shows a remarkable (up to ten times) effect on the extraction efficiency of the flow system when DT is employed. Its presence is mandatory if DDTC is used, as it accounts for ligand solubility in the organic phase. The extraction efficiency also increases with the pH of the aqueous phase as a consequence of higher ionisation of the glass silanols, where the analytes are adsorbed before extraction. The system has been evaluated for determination of Zn(II) in drugs showing a mean R.S.D. of 2.2% and mean relative accuracy of 4.4%, when compared with atomic absorption spectrometry results. Typical sample frequency, sample and organic phase consumption are 30 samples per hour, 200 and 100 mul, respectively.