阴离子对TiO_2晶形的影响及光催化性能研究

以SO24-、F-、Cl-和PO34-作为阴离子来研究其对水热合成TiO2(分别记为TiO2-S、TiO2-F、TiO2-Cl和TiO2-P)晶体的影响,并考察了其光催化性能.SEM显示TiO2-S、TiO2-F、TiO2-Cl和TiO2-P分别呈粒子、十面体、刺球和不规则块状.XRD图谱表明TiO2-S和TiO2-F为锐钛矿晶型,TiO2-Cl为金红石晶型,而TiO2-P为锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿混合晶型,这一结论也被紫外-可见漫反射实验所证实.XPS能谱表明这4种TiO2纳米材料都受到了各自阴离子掺杂的影响,光催化试验显示:它们的光催化活性顺序为:TiO2-F>TiO2-S>TiO2-Cl>TiO2-P,这表明锐钛矿的光催化活性要大于金红石和板钛矿,且具有{001}面,掺杂了F的锐钛矿光催化活性更强.     

聚乙二醇对纳米二氧化钛性质和应用的影响

二氧化钛纳米晶光催化材料是近年来发展起来的新型环境友好材料,国内外研究者在利用二氧化钛纳米晶光催化降解苯酚、氯酚、甲醛等污染物方面做了大量的研究工作。研究表明TiO2的3种晶型,锐钛矿型、金红石型和板钛矿型中,有光催化作用的主要是锐钛型和金红石型,其晶型和晶粒大小     

TiO2表面吸附三氟乙酸的密度泛函理论研究

探求全氟羧酸(Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids,PFCAs)的降解方法及其降解机理是当前亟待解决的问题.基于密度泛函理论的Materials Studio(MS)程序包中的CASTEP计算程序,优化了锐钛矿TiO2(101),(001),(110),(210);金红石TiO2(110),(001),(101),(210)和板钛矿TiO2(210),(101),(001),(110)晶面的几何结构,结果发现锐钛矿(101)晶面、金红石(110)晶面和板钛矿(210)晶面的能量最低,为最稳定的吸附面.对在最稳定三种TiO2吸附面上吸附三氟乙酸(Trifluoroacetic Acid,TFA)的18种吸附方式优化结构的吸附能计算表明,TFA被垂直吸附在板钛矿型TiO2(210)表面且羧基端H被Ti原子吸附的吸附方式吸附能最大,吸附结构最稳定,为TFA在TiO2表面吸附的最佳方式.分态密度计算表明,板钛矿(210)面与TFA间存在弱的共价相互作用,吸附后其表面结构的带隙因TFA中的O和F的2p轨道进入,带隙由吸附前的3.06 eV降低到吸附后的2.80 eV,光催化吸收波长由吸附前的385 nm增加到吸附后的443 nm,提高了可见光的吸收效率.     

二氧化钛与碳化钨纳米复合材料制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化活性

以市售纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)为载体,六氯化钨为钨源,将浸渍法与原位还原碳化技术相结合制备了核壳结构碳化钨(WC)/TiO2纳米复合材料;应用X射线衍射分析、透射电子显微镜、高分辨扫描透射成像和X射线能量散射谱等手段对样品晶相、形貌、微结构和化学组成等特征进行了表征.结果表明,样品的晶相由金红石型TiO2、Ti4O7、WC、W2C和WxC构成,钨碳化物负载于钛氧化物外表面,构成比较典型的核壳结构.采用三电极体系和循环伏安法测试了样品在碱性溶液中对甲醇的电催化氧化活性,结果表明,相比于纯碳化钨和二氧化钛,复合材料的电催化活性得到了明显的提升.样品电催化活性的提升与前驱体钨钛摩尔比、还原碳化时间、核壳结构壳层的完整性和晶相组成以及核壳结构中二氧化钛和碳化钨之间的协同效应有关.这说明金红石是能够提升碳化钨电催化氧化活性的载体材料之一.     

Sol-gel自蔓燃法控制合成二氧化钛纳米粉体及性能

采用化学络合溶胶-凝胶法,结合自蔓燃合成工艺制备了结构可控、分散性良好的TiO2纳米粉体.考察了原料组成、凝胶膨胀程度和温度机制对粉体结构、分散性的影响,用漫反射光谱测试了所制备粉体的光吸收性能. 结果表明,将原料中氧化剂与还原剂的摩尔比从2增加到7,在600 ℃的煅烧温度下可以得到金红石含量在25％～68.2％之间的TiO2,这些结构不同的粉体粒度为30 nm左右;凝胶前驱体经过150 ℃充分膨胀炭化,能有效阻止胶粒间氢键的形成,并且能够防止因毛细管作用而导致的凝胶网络坍塌,从而得到单分散无团聚粉体;提高煅烧温度,金红石含量增多、颗粒粒度增大,800 ℃时出现团聚体;用该工艺制备的粉体的光吸收范围发生明显红移,与市售金红石型TiO2相比,反光率下降10％以上;金红石含量为55.5％的混晶型粉体显示出最好的光吸收性能.     

制备条件对金红石型SO42-/TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响

以Ti(SO4)2酸溶液为前驱体．氢氧化钠作沉淀剂，采用沉淀法低温焙烧制备了SO4^2-掺杂的金红石型TiO2微粒．用光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型．结合BET、TG-DTA、IR、XRD等表征手段，探讨了制备条件对金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响，并优化实验条件获得了光催化性能优良的金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒．     

TiOCl2溶液合成异形TiO2纳米粉及形成机理研究

以TiOCl2溶液为前驱物,由室温至180℃直接反应均可获得TiO2纳米晶。当反应温度低于70℃,100℃和160℃时,沉淀粒子形貌分别为针形聚集体、球型和针形单晶。相应反应温度下所得沉淀的晶型分别为金红石型、混晶和金红石型。晶体的形貌和粒子的均一性强烈依赖于反应温度和成核与成长速率。详细讨论了TiOCl2溶液在各个温区的水解及TiO2粒子的形成机理。     

纳米锐钛矿相变的原位XRD研究

钛氧化物具有3种物相：锐钛矿、板钛矿和金红石，其中，锐钛矿和板钛矿为室温稳定相．在温度较高的条件下会向热力学更稳定的金红石相转变。锐钛矿向金红石的相变是热力学亚稳定相向稳定相的转变，由于这种相变过程不存在平衡温度．分析研究其相变过程无论从理论方面还是从实际应用方面均具有重要的意义。     

锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿降解罗丹明B光催化活性的比较

详细考察并比较了采用低温制备的锐钛矿、金红石和板钛矿氧化钛降解罗丹明B的光催化活性.与传统高温焙烧制备的金红石相比,低温制备的金红石粒径小,比表面积大,表面羟基数目多,因此光催化效率明显增加.更重要的是,当锐钛矿和金红石具有相似粒径和比表面积时,金红石具有较高的光降解罗丹明B活性.对于板钛矿氧化钛而言,虽然其表观光催化...     

焙烧处理下二氧化钛/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌的变化规律研究

通过调控酸碱浓度,在水热条件下得到了金红石、锐钛矿、板钛矿、钛酸钠等一系列TiO2/钛酸盐产物.对上述TiO2、酸洗处理后的钛酸盐等一系列不同晶型、不同形貌的样品进行焙烧处理,系统性地研究焙烧温度的逐渐升高对产物晶型转变和形貌演化的规律性影响.给出了水热酸碱浓度以及焙烧温度两个因素与TiO2/钛酸盐纳米材料晶型和形貌变化行为关系的二维示意图.依据奥斯特瓦尔德阶梯规则、经典热力学理论以及定向附着生长机理,对TiO2/钛酸产物的晶型晶体生长、晶型转变和形貌演化机理进行了探讨.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.