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1.
色谱中的光声光谱检测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
左伯莉  邓延悼 《色谱》1989,7(6):337-340
光声光谱是本世纪七十年代初期重新兴起的高灵敏度光谱分析新技术。它适用于透明、不透明,甚至强散射样品在紫外,可见,红外光区的光热性质研究,已在物理、化学、工程材料、生物、医学等领域得到广泛的应用。 光声光谱(简称PAS)是一种光热吸收光谱,当用一束调制后的(或脉冲的)单色光照射样品时,样品吸收以后,以无辐射弛豫方式将吸收的光能部分或全部地转换成热,样品受热体积膨胀,产生以光源为中心向外扩展的压力波,用置于其中的声传感器便可接收到光声信号。用波长扫描方法得到样品的光声图谱可做定性分析。根据光声信号大小与物质吸光度成正比的关系进行定量分  相似文献   

2.
光声光谱仪是利用光声效应原理的一种新型光谱仪器,1977年在美国匹兹堡会议上首次展出了两种型号光声光谱仪,一个是Princeton应用研究公司的M6000型,另一个是Gilfort应用研究公司的R1500型,后来Princeton应用研究公司以M6001型作为商品出售。我国于1981年首先研制成功了WFJ-S型激光光声光谱仪,并应用这种仪器作了大量的应用研究工作。1979年我们同时也开展了以氙灯作光源的固体光声光谱的研制工作,GS-1型光声光谱仪就是在此基础上研制的商品仪器(图1)。 1.仪器的工作原理:仪器的工作原理是基于光声效应,光声效应的原理是:当一束以音频(f)调制的光,照射到光声池中的样品时,如样品吸收了某一波长的光,样品分子由于得到了光能就从基态被激发到  相似文献   

3.
光声光谱是70年代中兴起的一种光谱新技术,与一般的吸收光谱比较,光声谱是一种能谱,即使在弱吸收的情况下,很小的吸收能也能被光声谱仪的微音器所检测,所以近年来已应用于物理、化学、生物学、医学、材料科学及环境检测等领域。我们对稀土氧化物的光声谱进行了较细致的研究,得到许多光声谱数据。  相似文献   

4.
左伯莉  邓延倬  颜金莲  曾云鹗 《色谱》1990,8(6):375-377
激光诱导光声检测具有灵敏度高,样品适用范围广等优点,将其与HPLC分离技术相结合,有可能成为一种高效分离和高灵敏检测的新分析方法。 我们曾研制了可用于HPLC流出组分检测的石英毛细管流动光声池和传感器。本文进一步报道该光声池在多核芳烃混合物色谱检测中的应用。  相似文献   

5.
测量了宽波段范围(紫外可见,近红外及中红外)稀土乙酰丙酮(aa)配合物的光声光谱,检测到了大部分Pr^3 的f-f跃迁谱峰,分析了Pr-O 键性质,解释了谱峰分裂以及谱峰位移的原因。与传统的透射谱和吸收谱相比较,光声光谱具有检测快速,分辨率高以及可进行无损分析等优点,特别是对于稀土离子的f-f跃迁的研究,光声光谱具有一定的独特性。  相似文献   

6.
多光谱光声层析成像(MSOT)技术是一种将多光谱成像与光声层析成像(PACT)技术相结合的新技术,该技术利用不同生物组织的光谱吸收特性,用多组不同波长的短脉冲激光照射组织以产生组织特异性的光声信号,从而更好地进行光声成像和组分识别。MSOT兼具光学成像的高灵敏度、高分辨率优势和超声成像可对数厘米深组织成像的长处,同时又能弥补光学成像深度有限和超声成像对比度差的短处,能够实现深层组织的高分辨率、高对比度、高穿透深度的实时无损伤成像。迄今为止,MSOT已应用于肿瘤内光吸收粒子的检测、血管结构和血液氧合作用的评价、生物荧光蛋白的成像以及乳腺癌患者检测的初步研究。随着光声成像系统的不断改进,MSOT与生物标记物(如荧光试剂、金纳米颗粒等)结合对体内分子进行成像,在生物医学中得到了广泛的应用。本文简要综述了MOST的成像原理、实验装置及其性能特点,着重总结了其在生物医学领域的最新应用进展,尤其是在新生血管成像、肿瘤的早期诊断及肿瘤的原位成像方面。  相似文献   

7.
光声光谱(Photo—或opto—acoustic spectroscopy,简称PAS或OAS)是从70年代重新发展起来的一种分光光度法。说它重新发展起来是因为早在1880年发明电话的贝尔就已经发现了光声效应。当贝尔发现用周期性的光照射一个物质体时,该物质吸收光会产生声的信号,这种声信号的频率与入射光的调制频率相同,而且声信号的强度随  相似文献   

8.
光声光谱在分析化学上的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作为光声光谱学(PAS)基础的光声(PA)效应虽是约一百年以前发现的,但是形成光声光谱这门新的光谱技术却是在最近十年光景。最早发展的是红外激光源和紫外可见宽带光源的光声光谱,前者主要用于气体分析,后者主要用于固相分析。最近三、四年以来,光声检测已作为一个通用的探测技术而与多种既有的光谱技术相结合,从而使这些光谱技术有了新的适应能力。光声光谱的应用面很广,但是它在分析  相似文献   

9.
光声位相理论及其在化学中的应用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
光声位相作为光声光谱重要的一部分, 包含着很多有价值的信息, 对它的研究可以获得其它光谱甚至光声振幅谱都不能得到的信息。光声位相在测定样品的光学和热学性质、样品无辐射弛豫过程的研究以及深度剖面分析等方面显示了特有的能力。本文结合本实验室近几年的工作, 在光声光谱理论的基础上,对光声位相理论及其在化学中的应用作一综述。  相似文献   

10.
在光声光谱分析中,深色固体样品的“信号饱和”是一个严重问题。目前国外开始采用真空喷涂法制样和低吸光物稀释法制样来解决这个问题。本报告叙述了用二氧化硅稀释深褐色二氧化锰样品,并进行光声测定的实验结果。二氧化锰的光声光谱图是在长春光机所工厂试制的GS-1型光声光谱仪样机上测定的。其原理方框图如图1。 GS-1光声光谱仪以500W氙灯作光源,采用双光路系统,用炭黑谱直接归一。所用光调制器斩波频率  相似文献   

11.
The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.  相似文献   

12.
非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。  相似文献   

13.
翟宗玺  刘树深  夏树屏 《化学学报》1990,48(10):946-950
用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。  相似文献   

14.
Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.  相似文献   

15.

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

  相似文献   

16.
Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.  相似文献   

17.
In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.  相似文献   

18.
Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, Mo, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe2O3. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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