丙烯腈、己二腈和丙腈与水的二元体系液-液相平衡数据的测定和关联(英文)

采用平衡法测定了丙烯腈+水、己二腈+水、丙腈+水三个二元体系在不同温度(303.15、313.15、323.15、333.15K)下的液-液相平衡数据;并采用NRTL(α=0.2,α=0.3)模型和UNIQUAC模型对液-液平衡数据进行了关联.结果显示,NRTL和UNIQUAC模型对三个二元体系在不同温度下的互溶度关联的目标函数值均小于1×10-17,实验值与计算值吻合较好,绝对偏差小于0.009,关联精度较高.该研究结果可为丙烯腈、丙腈和水三元平衡溶解度数据的模拟和预测提供可靠的基础数据,并对电解二聚法生产己二腈中电解液的分离提纯工艺具有一定的指导意义.     

TOPO萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定岩石及土壤中痕量银

TOPO(三正辛基氧化膦)有碘化物和硫脲存在下,在1.2mol/L盐酸介质中,用MIBK(甲基异丁基酮)萃取银,与绝大多数共存元素分离,原子吸收光谱测定。银的检出限为3ppb,变异系数7.99％。比碘化物-MIBK萃取提高了6倍,重现性好     

Fe~(2+)-Phen-SCN~-三元体系萃取分光光度法测定痕量铁的研究

本文报告用甲基异丁基酮(简写为MIBK)萃取二价铁与1,10-邻二氮菲(简写为Phen)、硫氰酸盐生成的稳定紫红色三元络合物,并用于光度测定高纯氧化钇中痕量铁的条件。实验的主要结果是:1.溶解在MIBK中的Fe~(2+)Phen-SCN-三元络合物的吸收光谱与溶解在MIBK中的Fe-SCN二元络合物不同,而Fe~(2+)phen体系不被MIBK萃取:三元络合物吸收峰为520毫微米,克分子吸收系数为2.15×10~4,均较Fe-SCN体系和Fe~(2+)-Phen水相显色灵敏度要高。2.用克分子比法和斜率法求得三元络合物的组成比为Fe(2+):Phen:SCN-=1:3:2.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定高纯镓中的痕量元素

比较了乙醚和甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）两种萃取剂对高纯镓中基体与杂质的分离效果。选择MIBK作为萃取剂,将高纯镓中的基体元素镓萃入有机相,绝大多数金属杂质则留在水相中,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了水溶液中 的14种痕量元素。方法的加标回收率为805－110％,检出限在0.001-0.075ug/mL之间。     

邻苯二酚紫-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵分光光度法测定金属镍、铜和锌中微量锡

金属镍中微量锡的测定,广泛应用苯萃取SnI_4与镍等干扰元素分离的苯芴酮比色法,或甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)萃取锡(IV)的苯芴酮直接比色法等。金属铜中微量锡的测定,多采用二氧化锰共沉淀锡或MIBK萃取锡的苯芴酮比色法。金属锌中微量锡的测定,目前采用铜铁试剂-三氯甲烷萃取分离,苯芴酮比色法,或MIBK萃取锡-苯芴酮直接比色法等。这些方法多用具有一定气味和有害健康的有机溶剂,热天尤其不受欢迎。近年来,用邻苯二酚紫(简称PV)-     

液/液界面萃取循环伏安法测定Pb2+离子研究

本文利用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）作为螯合剂,甲基异丁酮（MIBK）作为萃取剂,将水相中的Pb2+萃取到有机相中,利用经典的三电极系统研究该有机相在液/液界面的伏安特性。实验结果表明,该电化学过程是一个由扩散控制的不可逆过程,Pb2+的萃取物从有机相转移到水相。铅萃取物的转移峰在0.16V vs.SCE处,并且在1.0×10-5~ 9.0×10-5mol/L范围内与峰电流大小成正比。这一方法为工业废水中铅的在线、现场测定提供了可靠、灵敏的监测方法。     

萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯氧化钐中铬

用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）－甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）萃取体系，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯稀土氧化钐中铬。用硝酸调节溶液PH为2，加20g.L^-1APDC溶液2ml，水上与有机相体积比为6：1，萃取分离后测定，常见离子无干扰，对氧化钐中痕量铬的测定，相对标准偏差（n=11)为80％，加标回收主为90％－103％。     

1,4-丁二醇蒸馏底物解聚溶液组成的分析方法

使用液液萃取法分析溶液中的1,4-丁二醇(BDO)含量,正辛醇作为萃取剂,在30 ℃下测定了水-BDO-正辛醇三元液液相平衡数据。 使用扩展型UNIQUAC模型建立了溶液中水-BDO-正辛醇的活度系数模型,关联该体系的液液平衡数据,通过单纯型法回归获得三元体系组分之间的相互作用能参数。 实验数据以及计算结果表明,通过分析萃取相的组成,能可靠地预测萃余相的组成,进而得到原溶液中BDO的含量。 该法准确、简便,可作为该体系的常规分析方法。     

水、土壤、粮食、蔬菜中镉、铅的石墨炉无焰原子吸收测定

原子吸收法测定水、土、粮、菜中的镉、铅已有不少报导。天然水,河水和自来水中的镉、铅可用石墨炉无焰法不经处理直接测定。但分析试样时一般均需扣除背景干扰。对于干扰因素较多的污水、土壤、粮食和蔬菜直接用无焰法分析有困难,需采用萃取方法排除干扰。资料中常采用的有甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)-吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵(APDC)或甲基异丁基酮一双硫腙等方法,但这些萃取剂选择性差,仍不能完全排除干扰,回收率也低。我们曾用APDC-MIBK萃取法证实     

化工专业综合性实验“分离乙醇水溶液”的探究

化工专业综合性实验对于培养学生的创新精神和工程实践能力至关重要。以分离乙醇水溶液为例,将气液相平衡测定实验和萃取精馏过程模拟相结合形成综合性实验,涉及到了三元体系的气液相平衡测定方法、实验数据采用不同热力学模型的回归及评价、萃取精馏过程模拟、各因素对分离效果的影响评价等。加深了学生对理论知识的理解,使学生对萃取精馏工业应用有了一定的认识,提高了学生的实验操作水平和工程实践能力,为应用型人才的培养提供了有力保障。     

Liquid—liquid equilibria for the system water + acetic acid + methyl isoamyl ketone

Liquid—liquid equilibrium data obtained over the temperature range 10–60°C for the binary system water + methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) are presented together with ternary data for the system water + acetic acid + MIAK at 15, 25 and 40°C. The latter system may be of particular interest for solvent extraction studies, in that MIAK has a flash point much higher than that of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The new data presented in this paper are correlated in terms of the well-known NRTL and UNIQUAC models. Using the UNIFAC model and the parameter table published recently, experimental results are compared with the predicted values.     

Separation of propylbenzene and n-alkanes from their mixtures using 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate as an ionic solvent at several temperatures

Liquid-liquid extraction is the most common method for separation of aromatics from their mixtures with n-alkanes hydrocarbons. An ionic liquid (IL), 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate [(mebupy)(BF₄)], was evaluated as solvent for this separation. Liquid equilibria (LLE) for 2 ternary systems comprising tetradecane, or hexadecane + propylbenzene + [(mebupy)(BF₄)] were measured over a temperature range of 313-333 K and atmospheric pressure. The reliability of the experimental data was evaluated using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The effect of temperature, n-alkane chain length and solvent to feed ratio upon solubility, selectivity, and distribution coefficient were investigated experimentally. In addition, the experimental results were regressed to estimate the interaction parameters between each of the 3 pairs of components for the UNIQUAC and the NRTL models as a function of temperature. Both models satisfactorily correlate the experimental data, however the UNIQUAC fit was slightly better than that obtained with the NRTL model.     

Phase equilibria in ternary aqueous mixtures of 1,3-butanediol with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol at T = (298.2, 303.2 and 308.2) K

Experimental tie-line data for ternary system of (water + 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD) + 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH)) were determined at T = (298.2, 303.2 and 308.2) K under atmospheric conditions. This ternary system exhibits type-1 behavior of LLE. The experimental ternary LLE data were correlated using the NRTL model, and the binary interaction parameters were obtained. The average root-mean-square deviation between the observed and calculated mole fractions was 1.38%. Distribution coefficient and separation factor were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvent. The separation factor values for the solvent used in this work were then compared with literature values obtained in our previous works for other butanediols.     

LLE for the extraction of alcohol from aqueous solutions with diethyl ether and dichloromethane at 293.15 K, parameter estimation using a hybrid genetic based approach

Experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the extraction of methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol from water by diethyl ether and dichloromethane at 293.15 K and at ambient pressure were investigated. Data for the binodal curves have been determined by cloud-point titration method and conjugate points on tie-line were obtained by correlating the refractive index of the binodal curves as a function of composition. The experimental ternary (liquid + liquid) equilibrium data have been estimated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models to obtain the binary interaction parameters of these components by a combination of Levenberg-Marquardt method and the genetic algorithm based method. The distribution coefficients and the selectivity factor of the solvent used were calculated and presented. From our experimental and calculated results, we conclude that for the extraction of alcohol from aqueous solutions with dichloromethane solvent has a higher selectivity factor than the diethyl ether solvent.     

苯甲酸稀溶液的萃取特性

磷酸三丁酯;正辛醇;苯甲酸稀溶液的萃取特性     

Measurement and correlation of phase equilibrium data of the mixtures consisting of butyric acid,water, cyclohexanone at different temperatures

In this work, experimental solubility and tie-line data for the (water + butyric acid + cyclohexanone) system were obtained at T = (298.2, 308.2, and 318.2) K and atmospheric pressure. The ternary system investigated exhibits type-1 behavior of LLE. The experimental tie-line data were compared with those correlated by the UNIQUAC and NRTL models. The consistency of the experimental tie-line data was determined through the Othmer Tobias and Hand correlation equations. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were evaluated over the immiscibility regions. A comparison of the extracting capability of the solvent at different temperatures was made with respect to separation factors. The Katritzky and Kamlet–Abboud–Taft multiparameter scales were applied to correlate distribution coefficients and separation factors in this ternary system. The LSER models values were interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions.     

Liquid–liquid equilibria for the quaternary system methyl isobutyl ketone–water–phenol–hydroquinone

Liquid–liquid equilibria data of the quaternary system methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)–water–phenol–hydroquinone were measured at 25 °C under atmosphere pressure. The experimental data were correlated with the UNIQUAC and NRTL activity coefficient models on the base of the fixed binary interaction parameters that were obtained from two sub-ternary systems MIBK–water–phenol and MIBK–water–hydroquinone. The root mean square deviations (RMSD) show that the regressed results for the quaternary system were in good agreement with the experimental data for both UNIQUAC and NRTL models. The comparison between experimental and calculated distribution coefficient values of phenol and hydroquinone shows that a relative deviation of less than 5% is obtained.     

Phase diagrams of liquid-liquid equilibria for the systems water-phosphoric acid-solvent entrainer at 313.15 and 333.15 K

Liquid-liquid equilibria data have been determined for the ternary system of water + phosphoric acid + solvent entrainer (1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and n-hexane) at 313.15 and 333.15 K. Experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure using stirred and thermo-regulated cells. The ternary phase diagrams were obtained by the experimental solubility and tie-line data. The Othmer-Tobias equation was used to correlate the tie-line compositions. The measured liquid-liquid equilibrium data were compared with the non-random two liquid activity coefficient model. Root mean square deviations between experimental and calculated compositions were considered satisfactory. It was showed that the non-random two liquid model of all ternary systems presented very good satisfactory results with root mean square deviations so that this model was highly appropriate to calculate thermodynamic properties of the ternary solutions. The liquid-liquid equilibrium thermodynamic properties of water + phosphoric acid + solvent entrainer can be used in research on the nature of mixing behavior of the ternary system for molecular models and industrial applications in concentration the phosphoric acid aqueous solution.