负载型碳氧化钼催化剂的制备及其二苯并噻吩的HDS活性

通过XRD物相分析和利用小型在线质谱仪,对负载的或体相的氧化钼利用正己烷作为碳源,进行程序升温碳化考察,对所制备的负载型催化剂进行了二苯并噻吩（DBT）加氢脱硫（HDS）活性评价。实验发现,与采用甲烷相比,采用正己烷作为碳源进行碳化可以适当降低碳化所需要的温度,但对于HDS反应来说,并不是碳化越完全催化效果越好。对30%MoO3/γ-Al2O3进行碳化时,碳化原料组成为正己烷/氢气＝0.025（摩尔比）,在620℃碳化1ｈ所得催化剂具有比较好的DBT HDS活性。讨论了制备因素对HDS活性的影响。     

镍助剂对碳化钼催化剂的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

 将MoO3和Ni-Mo混合氧化物在CH4/H2气氛中程序升温还原碳化制备了相应的碳化钼和碳化镍钼催化剂, X射线粉末衍射表征其物相分别为β-Mo2C和Ni-Mo2C. 考察了Ni助剂对碳化钼催化剂的制备及二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应性能的影响. 结果表明, Ni助剂的加入降低了碳化钼催化剂所需的还原碳化温度,提高了催化剂的比表面积,并对其二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应活性有明显的促进作用. Ni助剂添加量以Ni/Mo原子比为0.3为宜,此时Ni和Mo之间的催化协同效应达到最佳. 当反应压力为3.0 MPa, 反应温度为330 ℃, 空速8 h-1, H2/原料液体积比为500∶1时, 625 ℃还原碳化制备的碳化镍钼催化剂对0.6%二苯并噻吩/环己烷溶液的二苯并噻吩转化率达到96.25%, 较相应的碳化钼催化剂提高了1.57倍.     

络合物分解法制备碳氮夹杂钼基催化剂及其催化性能

通过调变六次甲基四胺与金属钼盐的摩尔比例,以络合物分解法制备了碳氮夹杂钼基催化剂,并将其负载于氧化铝载体上．采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、低温氮吸附、元素分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征,发现碳氮夹杂钼基催化剂实为碳化钼（β-Mo2C）与碳氮化钼（M02CxNy）的混合物．以二苯并噻吩（DBT）的加氢脱硫反应（HDS）为探针,比较了负载型碳化钼、氮化钼及碳氮夹钼基催化剂的催化活性,发现由于夹杂催化剂中含有新的活性相Mo2CxNy。而表现出高于碳化钼和氮化钼催化剂的催化活性．     

碳源对MoO_3/Al_2O_3碳化过程的影响

利用几种常见的液态烃作为碳源对MoO3/Al2O3进行了程序升温碳化(TPC),通过在线质谱(MS)的跟踪分析以及对所得催化剂的XRD表征,研究了这些烃在TPC过程中对MoO3/Al2O3物相转变的影响以及这些烃在不断转化催化剂表面的化学行为.结果显示在不同温度范围内这些烃具有不同的碳化活性,对MoO3/Al2O3的完全碳化来说,正己烷表现出了最好的活性.TPC-MS的分析结果也见证了MoO3/Al2O3碳化时的中间物相及其对链烃的脱氢芳构化作用,这对于不同用途的钼基碳化物催化剂制备时合适碳源的选择极具参考意义.     

碳化聚合物点发光主体的探究

以聚丙烯酸和乙二胺为原料, 通过水热法合成了碳化聚合物点(CPDs), 利用荧光光谱、 X射线光电子能谱和时间相关单光子计数等手段对3种不同碳化温度下形成的CPDs进行表征; 采用375 nm的紫外光对200 ℃下合成的CPDs进行光漂白, 分析了CPDs漂白前后的荧光寿命以及基团的变化, 探究了该CPDs的发光机理, 确定该CPDs具有碳核态和分子态共同控制的双发光中心.     

盐封后碳化钼电催化剂的制备及其氢析出性能（英文）

碳化钼具有低廉的价格、优越的催化性能以及良好的稳定性而被人们认为是极好的可以替代Pt等贵金属的氢析出反应(HER)催化剂。本工作采用钼酸钠和2,6-二氨基吡啶为反应原料,之后不断进行盐封的过程直到前驱体被紧紧包覆在NaCl的晶格中,最后置于惰性气氛下煅烧即可制得盐封后碳化钼。本工作采用了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散x射线光谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对盐封后碳化钼的形貌、组成以及晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明盐封后的产物形貌并不均一,其中包括纳米颗粒及纳米棒。比较Mo_2C/SS与Mo_2C的TEM图,可以发现盐封后Mo_2C的尺寸变小,表明盐封的方法可以有效地避免颗粒的团聚。根据产物的氮气吸脱附等温线得到的催化剂的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)比表面积,盐封后Mo_2C的BET表面积由2.55提高至8.14 m~2·g~(-1),可以证明盐封过程中孔的生成。EDS、XRD及XPS分析的结果表明盐封后的产物是斜方晶系的Mo_2C,并且表面由于被氧气氧化而带有氧化钼。结合XPS和周转率(TOF)数计算的结果,可以说明盐封过程中孔的形成有助于暴露更多活性位点,然而同时也扩大了与氧气的接触面积,催化剂表面形成的氧化钼的含量也增多。因此,催化剂表面活性中心即碳化钼所占的比例降低。另一方面,氧化钼的法拉第反应产生的赝电容会与碳化钼催化剂的双电层电容叠加,导致得到的比容量数值偏大。而氧化钼的赝电容效应对Mo_2C/SS催化剂的影响是更显著的,因此盐封后的TOF数降低。同Mo_2C相比,Mo_2C/SS展现出更高的HER质量活性的原因可归结如下:(1)盐封过程中大量孔的形成有助于提高产物的BET表面积并暴露出更多的活性位点;(2)盐封后的多孔结构和较大的表面积有利于传质传荷;(3)盐封后碳化钼的Tafel斜率由145降至88mV·dec-1。总的来说,盐封后碳化钼的HER活性有了明显的提高,当电流密度达到10 mA·cm-2时,过电位为175 mV左右。盐封后碳化钼的Tafel斜率为88 mV·dec-1,证明催化剂表面发生的氢析出反应遵循Volmer-Heyrovsky机理并以电化学脱附步骤为反应的速控步骤。     

多孔碳球封装纳米碳化钼催化剂无溶剂催化苄胺偶联反应

以盐酸多巴胺，磷钼酸（PMo）为原料，通过离子交换和聚合作用形成一种有机-杂多酸杂化材料，在N₂条件下高温碳化制备出一种新型多孔碳球封装纳米碳化钼催化剂PDA-PMo-800.利用傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR），N₂吸脱附等温仪（BET），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线粉末衍射（XRD），拉曼光谱仪（Raman），热重分析仪（TG），能谱仪（EDS）对催化剂进行表征与分析.结果显示：催化剂PDA-PMo-800具有规整的花状球体形貌以及较高的比表面积（102 m²/g），纳米碳化钼颗粒（3~4 nm）均匀地分布在多孔碳球骨架内.在无溶剂以氧气为氧化剂的条件下，将该催化剂应用于苄胺的氧化偶联反应合成亚胺，实现较高的转化率及选择性，且催化剂可以多次重复使用并保持较高的催化活性.     

碳化钼催化剂加氢脱氮性能研究

MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中程序升温还原碳化反应制备了Mo2C催化剂,用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS进行了表征。以吡啶/环己烷溶液为模型化合物,在高压微反装置上评价了碳化钼催化剂的吡啶加氢脱氮性能。结果表明,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中程序升温至675℃可制得高纯度的β-Mo2C,SEM表征其形貌为板块状颗粒,平均粒径约3.9μm,比表面积达到了10.7m2/g,高于其前驱体MoO3 的2.7倍。在反应压力3.0MPa,空速为8h－1,H2/原料液体积比为500∶1,体积分数为5%的吡啶/环己烷溶液中,碳化钼催化剂在340℃下的吡啶加氢脱氮转化率达到了86.30%,高于相应MoS2约8%。随还原碳化温度的升高,碳化钼催化剂的比表面积降低,表面积炭增多,导致其吡啶加氢脱氮活性下降。确定的碳化钼催化剂的合成条件以还原碳化温度675℃、还原碳化气体空速1.8×104h－1左右较为适宜。     

氧化钼在CH4/H2气氛中还原碳化机理研究

采用TG-DTA技术研究了MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化行为,考察了程序升温速率和还原碳化终点温度对氧化钼还原碳化行为的影响,并探索适宜的还原碳化条件。结果表明,在1℃/min的程序升温条件下,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中经三段失重过程被还原碳化为Mo2C,相应的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→MoOxCy→Mo2C,适宜的还原碳化终点温度为675℃;程序升温速率升至2℃/min以上时,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的反应历程为MoO3→MoO2→Mo＋MoOxCy→Mo2C,且随程序升温速率的增大,第二段失重过程中金属Mo的生成量增大,还原碳化反应的始、终点温度升高。提高还原碳化终点温度,MoO3在CH4/H2气氛中的还原碳化反应规律相同,但过高的还原碳化温度会引起有机烃类分解生炭反应的发生,沉积在催化剂的表面,导致制备的碳化钼催化剂表面积炭增多,比表面积降低,从而引起催化活性的下降。     

Mo-La_2O_3阴极碳化层组织结构研究

采用高分辨透射/扫描电镜,X射线衍射和俄歇探针等分析手段对实用型的FU-6051电子管的碳化Mo-La2O3阴极显微组织结构进行了观察分析。碳化Mo-La2O3阴极碳化层为疏松多孔的Mo2C块状组织,其中有许多垂直于丝轴方向的晶界与孔洞串,相互贯通直至阴极表面。碳化层与芯部基体钼结合良好,两者间无明显的过渡层。活性物质La2O3在阴极的碳化层和基体中分布均匀,但在阴极表面有相当程度的富集。La2O3在碳化层中以两种方式存在:在晶界、孔洞中以微米级的颗粒富集,在Mo2C晶体内部弥散分布纳米级La2O3粒子。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.