稀土元素在植物中的分异机制 (I) 小麦不同器官中的稀土元素分异模式及形成机制

以小麦为植物材料，利用外源稀土添加、营养液培养等人工控制手段，研究了稀土元素在植物体内的分异效应，并探讨了分异效应产生的机制。结果表明，稀土元素在小麦不同器官中出现显著分异。根系出现中稀土(MREE)富集特征和“M”型四重效应，分析是由稀土元素与PO4^3-的选择性沉淀造成。小麦地上部分稀土元素分布出现“W”型四重效应，分析也是由根部磷沉淀造成。与此同时，小麦茎部相对富集轻稀土(LREE)，叶中相对富集重稀土(HREE)。运用VMINTEQ程序计算了木质部溶液中稀土元素的结合形态主要有LnEDTA^-和Ln^3 (Ln指稀土元素)，但仅有LnEDTA^-表现出HREE相对富集特征，其他形态则表现出LREE相对富集特征。分析叶部LREE／HREE分异是吸收LnEDTA^-造成，而茎部LREE／HREE分异则是吸收Ln^3 和其他形态稀土的结果。细胞壁对Ln^3 的吸附也是导致以上分异特征的重要因素。     

稀土离子及其配合物对二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺相变性质的影响

用差示扫描量热研究了金属离子和稀土配合物对二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)脂双层由凝胶态向液晶态相转变的影响T~m的影响。发现加入金属离子提高了DPPE脂双层的相转变温度。其中, Na^+＜Ca^2^+＜Ln^3^+。Pr^3^+的影响较La^3^+强。在pH 7.4时, 柠檬酸镧对T~m影响很小, 相反在pH 2.0时, 则降低相变温度T~m。乳酸稀土在pH 2.0和pH 7.4时都显著提高T~m, 在中性条件下, 对T~m影响更大。同时, 乳酸稀土较相同浓度下的稀土离子影响大, 说明乳酸稀土中稀土离子和乳酸根配体存在协同作用。我们初步探讨了金属离子以及稀土配合物对DPPE脂双层相变温度影响的原因。     

RbLn2F7的水热合成及RbLn2F7:Eu3+(Ln=Gd,Y)的VUV光谱

利用水热方法合成出RbLn2F7（Ln=Gd，Y，Er，Yb和Lu），均为六方RbEr2F7型结构。掺杂Eu^3＋离子样品的光谱表明水热产物中氧杂质含量极低。在RbGd2F7：Eu^3＋（0．5mol％）的激发光谱中只观测到Gd^3＋离子f-f跃迁，Eu^3＋离子的激发跃迁很弱。激发Gd^3＋离子到^6IJ能级后，观测到Eu^3＋离子的特征发射，Gd^3＋离子与Eu^3＋离子之间存在能量传递过程。Eu^3＋离子的^5D0→^7F1和^5D0→F2跃迁发射较强，表明稀土离子在六方HbLn2F7中处于非中心对称的格位。     

Anderson结构铁钼杂多酸稀土盐的合成与结构表征

制备了具有Anderson结构的铁钼杂多酸稀土盐，经元素组成分析、TG和ICP确定其通式为Ln[FeMo6O24H6](Ln^3 =La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Sm，Gd，Dy，Yb)．采用IR，UV,^95Mo-NMR，XRD等方法进行了结构表征，发现在IR光谱图上呈现出羟基和H2O的两个振动谱带，并进行了归属，表明此类杂多酸稀土盐属Anderson结构B型．借鉴TG-DTA、不同温度下的IR和XRD及水溶性实验对Ln[FeMo6O24H6]和(NH4)3[FeMo6O24H6]的热解性质研究表明，此类杂多酸稀土盐的分解温度为350～400℃．比母体酸盐的热稳定性提高了10℃．     

Ln(Ln=Y/Gd)VO4:Er3+/Nd3+的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法制备了Ln（Ln=Y／Gd）VO4掺Er^3＋或Nd^3＋的近红外发光材料。通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和光致发光（PL）对样品进行了表征。结果表明：所得产品结晶良好，属于四方晶系，锆石结构。研究了Er^3＋，Nd^3＋的含量、煅烧时间、煅烧温度等对材料近红外发光性质的影响。在Ln（Ln=Y／Gd）VO4：Er^3＋／Nd^3＋中，存在明显的从VO4^3-向Er^3＋／Nd^3＋的能量传递。两种不同的LnVO4（Ln=Y／Gd）基质对发光性质也有一定的影响。小浓度Bi^3＋的掺人可以明显提高YVO4：Er^3＋／Nd^3＋的近红外发光强度。     

稀土金属有机配合物的红外和拉曼光谱研究

利用新合成的配体N,N,N′,N′－四正丁基己二酰胺Bu2NCO(CH2)4OCNBu2(TBAA)(Bu=正丁基）与一系列稀土金属硝酸盐反应,得到了一系列配合物Ln2(TBAA)3(NO3)6(Ln=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Tm,Lu)。研究表明,该系列配合物具有相似的红外和拉曼光谱特性,有机配体以羰基中的氧通过双龄和桥连方式与Ln^3 配位,每个Ln^3 的配位数为9。     

牦牛坪钙稀土氟碳酸盐多体矿物的成分特征及其成因意义

牦牛坪矿床中钙稀土氟碳酸盐多体矿物，经扫描电镜观察和电子探针分析，表明氟碳铈矿可由矿液直接结晶或通过多体矿物的分解反应形成。与多体矿物相比较，氟碳铈矿的稀土配分模式以富La为特点。多体矿物的CaO/REE2O3(重量比）的平均值为0.131(测试值）和0.141（计算值），低于氟碳钙铈矿的理论值0.171。根据多体系列化学计量的线性关系，证明多体矿物形成于Ca^2 和CO3^2-活度较低的矿液中。这种矿液不利于典型氟碳钙铈矿的形成。     

贵州阿哈湖溶解态稀土的垂向分布及形态特征

以中国西南季节性缺氧湖泊阿哈湖为主要研究对象,采用液-液萃取及ICP-MS测试技术,对湖泊不同深度水体中稀土元素进行分析。研究结果表明:随着阿哈湖水体深度增加,从表层至湖上层下部溶解态稀土浓度急剧升高,从湖上层底部至温跃层顶部稀土浓度快速降低,从温跃层上部至湖下层上部溶解态稀土浓度逐渐降低。湖泊颗粒物表面有机碳的矿化作用是造成溶解态稀土在湖上层浓度急剧升高的主要原因,胶体的絮凝作用使溶解态稀土在湖上层底部至温跃层顶部浓度急剧下降,在温跃层上部至湖下层上部水体中,由于新生成的MnO_2吸附作用使溶解态稀土浓度持续下降。形态模拟结果显示,溶解态稀土主要是以稀土有机结合态和稀土碳酸盐结合态两种形式存在。稀土有机络合物占总溶解态的比例遵循以下规律:湖上层温跃层湖下层;LREE-DOCMREE-DOCHREE-DOC。     

临涣采煤沉陷区地表水稀土元素地球化学特征

以淮北临涣采煤沉陷区地表水为研究对象,共采集6个地表沉陷区积水样品、 13个河水样品,采用ICP-MS测定样品中稀土元素含量,分析了水中稀土元素分配模式,利用化学平衡软件MINTEQ(3.1版)计算了水体中稀土元素络合方式。结果表明:研究区地表水中∑REE含量较低,平均含量为0.2121μg·L~(-1),其中沉陷区积水、河水中∑REE平均值分别为0.1967和0.2532μg·L~(-1);水体呈现富轻稀土元素特征,轻稀土/重稀土比值达到1.55,并呈现出显著的Ce负异常及Eu正异常,河水中(La/Yb)_N与pH, HCO~-_3有较为显著的相关性,但沉陷区水中(La/Yb)_N与pH, HCO~-_3相关性不明显;模拟计算结果显示,河水及沉陷区水的Ln(CO_3)~-_2碳酸盐无机络合形式平均占比在90%以上,其次是LnCO~+_3络合形式; pH值, Na~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)等常量阳离子浓度会影响REE的迁移,偏碱性的水化学性质会影响REE的分异。     

酸雨胁迫及稀土农用条件下菠菜及其土壤中稀土元素的赋存

利用盆栽实验研究了酸雨胁迫、稀土农用条件下 ,菠菜及其土壤中稀土元素的含量及分布特征。结果表明 :菠菜地上部分的REE含量为 0 .5 2 7～ 0 .696μg·g- 1 之间 ,地下部 2 .668～ 3 .0 0 3 μg·g- 1 。土壤 2 2 9.0 9～ 2 5 0 .3 μg·g- 1 。酸雨明显地影响作物对REE的吸收和利用 ,酸度越大 ,影响越明显。随着酸雨酸度的增大、植株体内、土壤中的REE受淋洗的作用加强而表现出REE的总量随着pH的减小而逐渐减少。施用稀土后 ,植株的地上或地下部分及其土壤中的REE含量均与对照的土壤中的REE分配模式基本相同 ,遵循稀土元素分布丰度的奇偶 (Oddo Harkins)规则、轻稀土富集 ,Eu弱负异常 ,富铈配分型 ,表明稀土元素仍然主要来自土壤并受其影响。     

贵州红枫湖溶解态稀土元素地球化学研究

以中国西南碳酸岩盐地区的红枫湖及环湖河流水体为研究对象,采用液-液萃取和ICP-MS测试方法,对水中溶解态稀土元素浓度进行了测定,借以探讨碳酸盐岩水体环境下稀土元素的地球化学行为和环境效应。研究结果表明,红枫湖湖水溶解态稀土含量相对较低,∑REE总浓度分布于14.3～27.2 ng.kg-1之间,平均含量为18.24 ng.kg-1,明显低于地表水体浓度平均值。环湖河水溶解态∑REE浓度分布于4.07～102.28 ng.kg-1,平均为24.12 ng.kg-1。湖水和河水的页岩(PAAS)标准化的溶解态稀土元素配分模式都显示了显著的重稀土富集特征以及Ce元素负异常,而水化学络合计算结果显示,水体中溶解态稀土几乎以占绝对优势的碳酸盐无机络合形态存在,其他络合方式所占比例非常微小。这些都显示与相对偏碱性的水化学环境有关。     

北海半岛水体混合过程的稀土元素分布特征

选择北海半岛南流江河口、半岛近岸海域及涠洲岛附近海域为对象,研究河海水混合过程中稀土元素的某些地球化学特征。结果表明,水体中稀土元素主要以悬浮颗粒态存在,溶解态稀土含量及轻、重稀土含量之比从河流到海洋逐渐降低。溶解态稀土含量在南流江河口低盐度区因胶体絮凝而下降,在中高盐度区,颗粒物解吸或部分溶解引起含量上升;pH值对其亦有影响。溶解态稀土分布模式以重稀土相对富集为特征,在此基础上存在中稀土富集,是源区铁锰氧化物和水体中有机胶体共同作用的结果,Ce正异常与水体中有机物有关,Eu负异常是对源区岩石分布模式特征的继承。而原水中稀土含量变化相对复杂,与水动力状况有关,分布模式较为一致,表明河流颗粒物存在均一化趋势。     

The effect of humic acid on the adsorption of REEs on kaolin

For a better understanding of adsorption of the rare earth elements (REEs) onto minerals and its controlling factors, adsorption experiments were performed at pH range of from 3 to 10 with kaolin (1500 mg/L) in a matrix of various concentration of NaNO₃ and about 20 μg/L of the total REEs as well as various amounts of humic acid (HA). The adsorption of HA onto the kaolin occurred over a wide pH range and decreases with increasing pH and with increasing HA concentration. The results show that humic acid has ability to either increase or decrease the adsorption of the REEs onto kaolin, depending on pH, which may be related to their speciation distribution, interaction of HA with the mineral surface. Furthermore, the light REEs are more adsorbed onto kaolin in presence of higher concentration of HA, presumably because the increase in HA concentration in the solution enhance stronger complexing of HA with heavy REEs as compare to light REEs. The ionic strength has strong effect on the adsorption of HA and REEs onto the kaolin but little on the REEs fractionation. The results presented here indicate that mineral/water adsorption may generate the enrichment of the dissolved heavy REEs in the presence of a significant amount of humic acid, which is consistent with the fractionation of REEs in the most of natural waters.     

Trace elements in water samples from Lake Nasser—Lake Nubia

Lake Nasser, one of the largest man made lakes in the world, is the reservoir created by the High Dam in the southermost part of Egypt and extends beyond Daal Cataract in the Sudan. The reservoir is about 480 kms long, of which, 300 kms are in Egypt (Lake Nasser) and 180 kms in the Sudan (Lake Nubia) and extends approximately within the latitudes of 21 N^o in the Sudan and 24 N^o in Egypt. In the west is the Great Western Desert and in the east the Eastern Desert of Egypt which extends up to the Red Sea. The deepest part is found near the High Dam (Lake Nasser) which reaches approximately about 86 metres. The depth decreases to the south and reaches approximately about 15 meters at Akasha in the Sudan. The Lake is much more wider in the egyptian part. The attached map shows the geographical locations of the lake from which the samples were collected. This work deals with the determination of 38 trace elements in water by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Also some parameters such as pH, (electric conductance), CO^2?, HCO ₃ ^? , CO₂, SO ₄ ^2? , residue (after evaporation), dissolved oxygen, NO ₂ ^? and temperature were determined in the field. The temperature ranged from 20.7–29.7°C, while the pH values from 7.45 to 9 (for the bottom and surface waters). The dissolved oxygen was determined and found to be 0.8–9.4 mg/l for bottom and surface waters, respectively.     

两种新稀土双核配合物的合成、表征及其对磷酸二酯键模型物（BDNPP）和DNA的作用研究

合成和表征了两种新的双核配合物[Eu_2 (bbimp) (CH_3COO) (CH_3CH_2O)_2 (CH_3CH_2OH)] (ClO_4)_2 (A)和[Nd_2 (bbimp)-(CH_3COO) (CH_3CH_2O)_2 (CH_3CH_2OH)] (ClO_4)_2 (B)。用紫外光谱法分别研究了磷酸二酯键模型物双-（ 2，4-二硝基苯基）磷酸盐（BDNPP）与配合物（A，B）的水解动力学反应。当 BDNPP与A，B的浓度均为2.5 * 10~(-5) mol/L时，反应为二级反应；在25 ℃，pH 7.26时，二级水解速率常数分别为2479 (mol/L)~(-1)·min~(-1)，1678 (mol/L) ~(-1)·min~(-1)，半衰期分别为16.1 min和23.8 min，比单独的Eu~(3+)，Nd~ (3+)水解BDNPP的速率均快得多，37 ℃时反应更快；在25 ℃，pH 6.50～8.50时， 两个反应的水解速率常数的lgK与pH值均呈正的线性关系。两种配合物与小牛胸腺 （CT）DNA作用，使CT DNA最大吸收峰发生减色和红移，使溴化乙锭（EB）-DNA复 合物体系荧光强度减弱。两种配合物对超螺旋质粒pBR322 DNA的断裂在50 ℃，pH 8.0时，效果最好。     

Competitive sorption of carbonate and arsenic to hematite: combined ATR-FTIR and batch experiments

The competitive sorption of carbonate and arsenic to hematite was investigated in closed-system batch experiments. The experimental conditions covered a pH range of 3-7, arsenate concentrations of 3-300 μM, and arsenite concentrations of 3-200 μM. Dissolved carbonate concentrations were varied by fixing the CO(2) partial pressure at 0.39 (atmospheric), 10, or 100 hPa. Sorption data were modeled with a one-site three plane model considering carbonate and arsenate surface complexes derived from ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analyses. Macroscopic sorption data revealed that in the pH range 3-7, carbonate was a weak competitor for both arsenite and arsenate. The competitive effect of carbonate increased with increasing CO(2) partial pressure and decreasing arsenic concentrations. For arsenate, sorption was reduced by carbonate only at slightly acidic to neutral pH values, whereas arsenite sorption was decreased across the entire pH range. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated the predominant formation of bidentate binuclear inner-sphere surface complexes for both sorbed arsenate and sorbed carbonate. Surface complexation modeling based on the dominant arsenate and carbonate surface complexes indicated by ATR-FTIR and assuming inner-sphere complexation of arsenite successfully described the macroscopic sorption data. Our results imply that in natural arsenic-contaminated systems where iron oxide minerals are important sorbents, dissolved carbonate may increase aqueous arsenite concentrations, but will affect dissolved arsenate concentrations only at neutral to alkaline pH and at very high CO(2) partial pressures.     

Hard and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of aqueous Fe(III)-hydroxamate siderophore complexes

Microorganisms release organic macromolecules, such as siderophores, to obtain Fe(III) from natural systems. While the relative stabilities of Fe(III)-siderophore complexes are well-studied, the structural environments of Fe(III) and ligands in the complex are not well-understood. Using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Fe- and N-K absorption edges, we characterized the nature of Fe(III) interactions with a hydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine B (desB), and its small structural analogue, acetohydroxamic acid (aHa), as a function of pH (1.4-11.4). These experimental studies are complemented with DFT calculations. The Fe-XAS studies suggest that Fe(aHa)3 is the dominant species in aqueous solutions in the pH range of 2.8-10.1, consistent with thermochemical information. However, the N-XAS and resonance Raman studies show that the chemical state of the ligand in the Fe(aHa)3 complex changes significantly with pH, and these variations are correlated with further deprotonation of the Fe(aHa)3 complex. The N-XAS studies also indicate that the overlap of Fe 3d orbitals with the molecular orbitals of the hydroxamate group is significant. The Fe- and N-XAS studies of Fe(III)-desB complexes indicated that Fe(desB)+ is the dominant species between pH values of 1.4 and 11.4, consistent with predicted stability constants. This information is useful in understanding the role of iron in bacterial transport, siderosis treatment, and actinide sequestration at contaminated sites. This is the first N-XAS study of aqueous metal ligand complexes, which demonstrates the applications of soft-XAS in studying the electronic structure of metal complexes of organic macromolecules in aqueous solutions.     

Nickel (II) tetrapyridyl complexes as electrocatalysts and precatalysts for water oxidation

Two nickel complexes, [Ni(tpen)](ClO₄)₂.0.5CH₃COCH₃ ( 1 ) and [Ni(tpbn)](ClO₄)₂ ( 2 ), of tetrapyridyl ligands N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridyl-methyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (tpen) and N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridyl-methyl)-1,4-butanediamine (tpbn) were prepared and their catalysis for water oxidation reaction (WOR) studied. In 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 8.0, complex 1 is a homogeneous molecular catalyst with an overpotential of ~440 mV and a Faradaic efficiency of 89%. At pH ≥ 9.0, complex 1 degraded gradually during the catalytic process and formed NiO_x composite (nickel oxide with general formula Ni_xO_yH_z) active for WOR. In contrast, complex 2 deteriorated under measured conditions (pH 8.0–12.0) and formed NiO_x composite active for WOR. The NiO_x composite derived from 1 in 0.1 M PBS at pH 11.0 showed an activity with an overpotential of ~500 mV, a Tafel slope of ~90 mV/decade and a Faradaic efficiency of 97%. Mechanisms were proposed for water oxidation catalyzed by 1 and 2 . This work revealed that the catalytic activity of the nickel complexes was related to the flexibility of the tetrapyridyl ligands and the adaptability of the coordination sphere of the nickel(II) center.     

天津沿海排污河中稀土元素的地球化学特征

选择天津沿海的南、北排污河为对象，研究了城市排污河中稀土元素的某些地球化学特征。结果表明，在排污河水体中溶解态稀土含量仍很低，但与其他天然大河相比，Eu和重稀土溶解态含量明显偏高。原水中稀土元素含量较高，以悬浮态为主。轻稀土的溶解态与悬浮态分布模式随原子序递增有相反的变化趋势。沉积物与悬浮物中的稀土含量明显低于其他天然河流，而悬浮物中的稀土含量又明显低于沉积物。沉积物与悬浮物中的稀土分布模式相似，均为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、Eu正异常型。这种分布模式与其他天然河流不同，而与本地区含有机质丰富的土壤相似，表明其外源为附近土壤。排污河稀土元素地球化学特性与天然河流的差异可能主要由于其水体中含有大量有机污染物造成的。     

Evaluation of Dissolved Species of Rare Earth Elements in Environmental and Biological Samples by Cation Exchange Chromatography and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrum

As the separation and purification methods of rare earth elements(REEs) were well developed,REEs have been widely used at present in many fields of industry and agriculture. The widespread application of REEs as the additives in fertilizers will inherently lead to their residues in environment, accumulation in organism,and entering into a food chain. The bioavailability and toxicity of REEs mainly depend on its dissolved species which can be partly assimilated by plants and animals,thus, the speciation of REEs in environment and organisms becomes more and more important today.