SiO2负载的氮化钼催化剂的合成和表征

采用ＭｏＯ３／ＳｉＯ２和ＮＨ３程序升温反应的方法合成了一系列不同Ｍｏ含量的Ｍｏ２Ｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂，并采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ、Ｈ２－ＴＰＤ和ＩＲ等手段，结合中压下吡啶加氢脱氮反应，研究了它们的表面性质和反应性能。发现Ｍｏ２Ｎ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂在反应性能和吸氢性质等方面类似于非负载的氮化钼。氮化前后，低Ｍｏ担载量催化剂的比表面积降低不大，在高Ｍｏ担载量下，由于氮化态的Ｍｏ－ＳｉＯ２催化剂上     

在杂多酸催化剂上苯和1-十二烯的烷基化合成十二烷基苯

对比研究了磷钨酸，ＳｉＯ２负载磷钨酸，ＨＹ及Ｈβ分子筛催化剂的酸性和苯与１－十二烯的烷基化反应的催化性能，结果表明，磷钨酸催化剂具有酸性强，低温活性高和２位异构体选择性好等突出特点，特别是将磷钨酸负载于ＳｉＯ２载体上之后，其活性和稳定性得到大大提高。     

Ni／γ—Al2O3,Ni／MgO,Ni／SiO2催化剂上甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应的研究

采用ＸＲＤ，ＵＶ－ＤＲＳ，ＸＰＳ，ＴＰＲ，Ｈ２－Ｏ２滴定和吡啶吸附－红外光谱等技术，研究了负载于具有不同酸碱性的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２，Ｍｇｏ载体上的镍催化剂表面物理化学性质，及其对甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应催化活性的影响。结果表明，在上述负载型镍催化剂上，影响重整反应活性和积炭量的主要原因不是催化剂表面酸碱性，而是金属镍在催化剂表面的分散度。     

载体对负载型水溶性铑膦配合物结构和氢甲酰化性能的影响

以丙烯、１－已烯氢甲酰化为目标反应,研究了载体表面酸三性、比表面积及孔径等对负载型水溶性铑膦配合物结构和催化性能的影响,＾３１Ｐ（＾１Ｈ）－ＮＭＲ结果显示,水溶性铑膦配合物ＨＲｈ（ＣＯ））（ＴＰＰＴＳ））物种形式存在,负载型催化剂的活性和选择性与载体表面的酸碱性,比表面积、孔径密切相关,载体孔径应足够大,以利于活性物种的负载及反应物／产物的进出。     

SO^2—4／ZrO2—SiO2催化剂的酸性及结构表征

采用指示剂法及吸附吡啶的红外光谱法，考察了催化剂的酸性；用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＸＰＳ及热分析等对催化剂的结构进行了表征；用ＢＥＴ法测定了催化剂的比表面积，并研究了催化剂的组成及焙地催化剂比表面积的影响。实验结果表明，一般在４５０℃以上焙烧的ＳＯ＾２－４／ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２催化剂均具有超强酸性，催化剂的酸强度随焙烧温度的增高有所增强，吸附吡啶的红外不谱表明该催化剂具有较高的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸量。通常８００℃以下     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂的酸性及结构表征

采用指示剂法及吸附吡啶的红外光谱法，考察了催化剂的酸性；用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ及热分析等对催化剂的结构进行了表征；用ＢＥＴ法测定了催化剂的比表面积，并研究了催化剂的组成及焙烧温度对催化剂比表面积的影响．实验结果表明，一般在４５０℃以上焙烧的ＳＯ４２－／ＺｒＯ２ＳｉＯ２催化剂均具有超强酸性，催化剂的酸强度随焙烧温度的增高有所增强；吸附吡啶的红外光谱表明该催化剂具有较高的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸量．通常８００℃以下焙烧的催化剂均为非晶态，高于８００℃焙烧硅锆比大于９的样品时，可得到一种新的结晶态物质．催化剂的比表面积一般在４００ｍ２／ｇ左右．     

负载型非晶态Cu/SiO2催化剂的非晶性质

以超细ＳｉＯ２为载体，用ＫＢＨ４还原Ｃｕ＾２＋盐溶液制备了非负载型Ｃｕ和负载型Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂，ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ和电子衍射分析结果表明，负载型Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２为完全非晶态，而非负载型Ｃｕ中存在着少量晶态Ｃｕ，ＤＳＣ结果表明，非晶态Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２的热稳定性明显高于非负载型Ｃｕ，说明超细ＳｉＯ２具有稳定非晶结构的作用，ＸＰＳ结果表明，还原产物中的铜原子呈Ｃｕ状态，ＩＣＰ分析结果表明，样品中的Ｂ含量均低     

超细Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金加氢反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法并通过ＫＢＨ４还原制备超细Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,以硝基苯加氢生成苯胺为目标反应,考察了上述催化剂的活性和选择性及热稳定性,并与晶态Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２和Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂及非负载型Ｐｄ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂进行了比较。     

Ni-P/SiO2催化剂晶化过程及其加氢活性研究

采用化学还原法制备了负载型Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,应用ＩＣＰ、ＢＥＴ、氢氧滴定法、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＸＰＳ研究了上述催化剂在高温晶化过程中的表面结构、表面形貌和表面电子态的变化。测定了Ｎｉ－Ｐ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金晶化前后对其液相苯甲醛加氢反应催化活性和选择性。并讨论了非晶态合金催化剂晶化过程中结构变化对催化性能的影响。     

Mo/SiO2及V改性的Mo/SiO2催化剂的微孔特征及其对甲烷部分氧化合成甲醛反应的影响

在常压下评价Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的制备条件对反应性能的，利用Ｎ２的吸附等温线计算了Ｍｏ－Ｖ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的比表面积和孔径分布，进而讨论了不同的Ｖ加入量对Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的微孔特征及其催化性能的影响，找到了适宜的Ｖ／Ｍｏ质量比及使甲醛收率最高的最佳孔径，通过ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ的测试分析讨论了制备条件对微观状态的影响和Ｖ与Ｍｏ之间的相互作用。     

Effects of support pore size on new Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2 catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran

Mesoporous silica supported Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method,and several silica supports with different pore size were utilized.N_2 adsorption,XRD and ICP-AES techniques were utilized to characterize the silica supports and catalysts.XRD results showed that the dispersion of Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12) was better for the silica support with larger pore size.The catalytic activity results showed that the pore size played important role on the catalyst activity and the...     

Template-free sol–gel synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica based catalysts for esterification of di-carboxylic acids

High surface area mesoporous silica based catalysts have been prepared by a simple hydrolysis/sol–gel process without using any organic template and hydrothermal treatment. A controlled hydrolysis of ethyl silicate-40, an industrial bulk chemical, as a silica precursor, resulted in the formation of very high surface area (719 m²/g) mesoporous (pore size 67 Å and pore volume 1.19 cc/g) silica. The formation of mesoporous silica has been correlated with the polymeric nature of the ethyl silicate-40 silica precursor which on hydrolysis and further condensation forms long chain silica species which hinders the formation of a close condensed structure thus creating larger pores resulting in the formation of high surface mesoporous silica. Ethyl silicate-40 was used further for preparing a solid acid catalyst by supporting molybdenum oxide nanoparticles on mesoporous silica by a simple hydrolysis sol–gel synthesis procedure. The catalysts showed very high acidity as determined by NH₃-TPD with the presence of Lewis as well as Brønsted acidity. These catalysts showed very high catalytic activity for esterification; a typical acid catalyzed organic transformation of various mono- and di-carboxylic acids with a range of alcohols. The in situ formed silicomolybdic acid heteropoly-anion species during the catalytic reactions were found to be catalytically active species for these reactions. Ethyl silicate-40, an industrial bulk silica precursor, has shown a good potential for its use as a silica precursor for the preparation of mesoporous silica based heterogeneous catalysts on a larger scale at a lower cost.     

由杉木锯屑生物质制合成气:镍基整体式催化剂的表征及催化性能

以酸处理的蜂窝状堇青石为载体制得了一系列用于生物质热解气制合成气的不同NiO负载量的整体式催化剂,考察了该Ni基催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,酸处理后堇青石载体的比表面积和孔容分别可达156m2/g和0.099m3/g;NiO的负载使得比表面积和孔容急剧减小,并随着NiO负载量的增加而变化不大.NiO负载量对产气组分的影...     

MCM-41负载钨磷杂多酸催化剂的性能研究

制备并表征MCM-41负载H~3PW~1~2O~4~0(PW)催化剂.PW杂多酸在MCM-41上负载量高达70%(质量分数)时,XRD中仍未检测到其晶相峰.PW杂多酸与MCM-41载体的相互作用要比与SiO~2载体的强.PW杂多酸中的质子位是非常强的酸中心,它们对NH~3的微分吸附热在160-180kJ/mol的范围.与PW杂多酸相比,PW/MCM-41催化剂的酸中心强度变弱并且分布不均匀,其酸量和酸中心分布可以通过改变PW杂多酸的负载量来调节.PW/MCM-41是一类适合于中强酸和弱酸催化反应的新型固体酸催化剂。     

载体和担载酸对乙烯直接氧化合成乙酸反应的影响

 在固定床流动反应器上研究了Pd－酸／载体体系催化乙烯直接氧\r\n化合成乙酸的反应，并对载体相同但担载酸强度不同的催化剂的催化活\r\n性进行了比较．结果表明，担载酸的强度明显影响催化剂的活性，酸强\r\n度越大其催化活性越高．用NH3－TPD和异丙醇脱水探针反应表征了二氧\r\n化硅、活性碳和酸性白土三种载体担载的Pd－H4SiW12催化剂的酸性，\r\n并测试了三种催化剂的催化活性．结果表明，载体通过影响担载酸的强\r\n度而影响催化剂的活性，载体上的强酸中心越多，催化剂的活性越高．\r\n测定了二氧化硅、活性碳和酸性白土三种载体担载的Pd－H4SiW12催化\r\n剂上Pd的分散度，并与其催化活性相关联．结果表明，决定乙烯直接氧\r\n化生成乙酸反应活性的主要因素是催化剂的酸强度而不是Pd的分散度．     

Catalytic performances of heteropoly compounds supported on dealuminated ultra-stable Y zeolite for liquid-phase esterification

Carboxylic ester is one of the important fine chemicals, which is usually synthesized with various mineral acids as catalysts, such as H2SO4, HF, H3PO4, etc. But these liquid catalysts are toxic, corrosive and often hard to be recovered from the reaction …     

PW/SBA-15负载型催化剂的性能研究

合成、表征了一系列SBA－15负载H3PW12O40（PW）催化剂。负载量高达60％以上时,XRD仍未检测到催化剂上有PW晶相峰。负载后PW保持其Keggin结构,但与载体之间存在较强的相互作用。通过改变PW负载量可调变催化剂的酸性,制得适用于中强酸和弱酸性催化反应的介孔固体酸催化剂。     

高比表面介孔MoVTeNbO催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用水热法添加模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和配合剂柠檬酸(CA)制备了Mo VTe Nb O系列催化剂,并将其应用于丙烯一步氧化制备丙烯酸的反应.结果表明,CA的添加量对催化剂的形貌、孔结构、比表面积及催化性能具有明显的影响.当n(CA)/n(Mo)=0.36时,Mo VTe Nb O催化剂为介孔纳米催化剂,其平均孔径为4.9 nm,具有较高的比表面积(37.8 m2/g)和较小的催化剂晶粒(粒径范围为10~16 nm),与常规水热法制备的催化剂相比,Mo VTe Nb O介孔纳米催化剂的晶粒变小、催化性能得到了显著提高,丙烯一步氧化制丙烯酸的转化率可由53.9%提高至71.2%,丙烯酸收率可提高到45.8%.     

一步液滴法合成酸性和孔道属性可调的硅铝酸盐载体及其Pd基催化剂的性能研究

通过一步液滴法在不同的反应溶剂体系下制备了一系列无定形硅铝酸盐载体, 并进一步制备出Pd基负载型多孔催化材料, 探究了反应溶剂极性和反应物Si/Al比对载体材料和催化剂的影响, 实现了通过一步液滴法调控硅铝酸盐酸性和孔道属性. 结果表明, 在极性较小的反应溶剂体系中制得了富含介孔的无定形硅铝酸盐载体材料, 并且通过改变Si/Al比可实现载体材料的酸性、 比表面积及孔道尺寸的调控, 比表面积和总酸量分别达到349.6 m²/g和1.389 mmol/g. 由于该载体材料高的比表面积及丰富的介孔孔道, 所制得的Pd基负载型多孔催化材料的Pd金属分散性达到了63.17%, 在硝基苯加氢反应中实现了99.75%的转化率和94.62%的选择性, 在苯甲醇氧化反应中表现出40.61%的转化率及38.09%的选择性, 远远优于利用商用载体合成的 Pd/Al₂O₃催化材料. 这种简单有效的合成方法使得按照目标催化反应的类型来设计高效催化剂成为可能.     

介孔硅材料及其负载型催化剂去除挥发性有机物的最新进展

Mesoporous silica materials have attracted much attention because of their large surface area, uniform pore-size distribution, large pore size, and wide potential applications in the fields of separation, adsorption, and catalysis. The progress in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mainly containing hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and ethyl acetate) by mesoporous silica materials and supported catalysts in recent years is reviewed. The effect of the structure of mesoporous silica materials on the adsorption of VOCs is discussed. We also discuss the catalytic performance and reaction mechanism for catalytic VOC oxidation over supported catalysts. The recent developments in catalytic combustion of toluene are examined in detail. We found that the surface environment, pore structure, and morphology of mesoporous silica materials are the main factors influencing adsorption of VOC molecules. The application of noble metal catalyst focuses on improving poison resistance and reducing cost. The research on non-noble metal catalysts focuses on developing supported mixed-metal oxide catalysts with high activity. Future developments of mesoporous silica materials and supported catalysts are highlighted. The design of the catalyst can be carried out from two aspects: the silica support and the mesoporous channel. This review will be helpful in choosing an appropriate catalyst for the removal of VOCs with high activity and stability.