高效液相色谱-荧光检测法分析麦类中麦角克列斯汀碱

提出了一种采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)测定麦类样品中麦角克列斯汀碱的方法。麦类样品经V(乙腈)∶V(0.1 mol/L乙酸铵缓冲溶液)=1∶4提取,以C18小柱净化,C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,V(水)∶V(乙腈)=3∶2作流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,以HPLC-FLD定量测定。标准工作溶液浓度在1.0~50.0μg/L范围内,与峰面积成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数0.9999,样品在10.0、50.0、250.0μg/kg添加水平的回收率为76%~85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.6%~8.8%(n=8),方法检测限为5.0μg/kg(S/N10)。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中甲醛含量

建立了蔬菜中甲醛含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品用水提取、2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生及二氯甲烷萃取、浓缩后,采用Waters Sunfire C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为乙腈-水(1∶1,V/V),在355nm波长处紫外检测。甲醛在0.1~2.0μg/mL浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9989,方法检出限为1.0 mg/kg,在2~10mg/kg添加浓度范围内,甲醛平均回收率为78.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差在0.8%~9.5%之间。     

多功能柱净化-高效液相色谱法检测麦类中赭曲霉毒素A

本文提出了一种采用高效液相色谱/荧光检测法(HPLC/FLD)测定麦类样品中赭曲霉毒素A的方法.样品经V(乙腈):V(水)=84:16提取,多功能柱净化,C18色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)分离,V(水):V(乙腈):V(乙酸)=102:96:2作流动相,流速1.0 mL/min.结果表明,标准工作液在浓度1.0～50.0μg/L范围内,峰面积与浓度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数＞0.9999,样品在3.0,10.0,50.0 ng/g添加水平的回收率为60%～85%,相对标准偏差为7.9%～8.8%(n=8),方法检出限为3.0 ng/g(S/N＞10).本法快速、准确、操作简单,可满足大批麦类样品的检测需要.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定蔬菜中3种磺胺类药物残留

建立了蔬菜中3种磺胺类药物(SAs)的高效液相色谱-荧光检测法。蔬菜样品用甲醇提取3次,将提取液浓缩干,用0.1mol/LHCl溶解残渣,经荧光胺衍生化后,用反相柱(ODS)分离,以乙腈和0.5%醋酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器检测。3种SAs的检出限(LOD)为1.02～1.29μg/g,方法的定量限(LOQ)为3.4～4.3ng/g(鲜重)。蔬菜样品中SAs的添加浓度在0.2～1.0ng/g范围内,3种SAs的平均回收率均大于87%,日内与日间RSD均小于10%。实际蔬菜样品测定结果表明,3种SAs在不同蔬菜中均有不同程度检出,总含量为0.0726～0.3709μg/g(鲜重)。     

高效液相色谱法测定小鼠肝组织中两种甲氧基补骨脂素

建立小鼠肝组织中8-甲氧基补骨脂素(8-MOP)与5-甲氧基补骨脂素(5-MOP)的高效液相色谱测定方法。采用正交试验设计对样品的前处理方法进行优化,Waters Symmetry C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-水(55:45,V/V),流速为1.0 m L/min,荧光检测器激发与发射波长分别为334 nm与484 nm。小鼠肝组织中8-MOP与5-MOP在0.10~25μg/m L范围内线性良好,r值分别为0.9998与0.9994;8-MOP与5-MOP的定量限分别为4.0 ng/g和1.0 ng/g;8-MOP与5-MOP的加标回收率分别为101.1%~102.0%与94.2%~103.2%;提取回收率分别为96.6%~98.6%与92.6%~98.4%;基质效应分别为95.6%~98.2%与91.4%~99.6%;日内精密度分别为2.7%~3.3%与5.2%~5.5%;日间精密度分别为1.4%~2.4%与0.3%~1.6%。给药后小鼠肝组织中8-MOP含量为23.1~48.7 ng/g。方法适用于小鼠肝组织中8-MOP与5-MOP的同时测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中利巴韦林的残留量及其前处理方法优化

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质检测鸡组织中利巴韦林残留量的方法。采用10%乙腈-三氯乙酸溶液提取鸡组织中的利巴韦林,经磷酸酶水解,苯硼酸(PBA)固相萃取小柱净化,NUCLEOSHELL HILIC(3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源串联质谱法,在正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,同位素内标法定量。在优化条件下,利巴韦林在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好(r20.99),方法的检出限(信噪比为3)为0.1~0.3μg/kg,定量限(信噪比为10)为0.4~0.9μg/kg;鸡肉、鸡肝、鸡肾、鸡蛋和皮蛋在添加浓度1.0~10.0μg/kg范围内,其平均回收率为84.2%~92.6%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.0%~12%。     

高效液相色谱光化学在线衍生技术在11种磺胺药物残留检测中的应用

建立了磺胺药物残留的高效液相色谱-光化学在线衍生-荧光检测方法,并应用于猪肉的检测。样品经过乙腈提取,色谱柱分离后,通过在线光化学衍生后,用荧光检测器进行直接检测。优化后的色谱条件:Eclipse Plus C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),流动相为均含0.2%甲酸的乙腈、甲醇和水梯度洗脱,检测激发波长为248 nm,发射波长为350和412 nm。各种磺胺在各自浓度范围内线性相关系数R2>0.999,回收率在85.7%~101.1%之间,RSD为1.9%~6.6%(n=6),各磺胺的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~3.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.5~10.0μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中的三甲氧苄氨嘧啶

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定多种基质(鸡肉、鱼肉、鸡肝、鸡蛋和牛奶)中三甲氧苄氨嘧啶的分析方法。样品用甲酸-乙腈(1:9,V/V)溶液提取,正己烷除脂净化,Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×50 mm)分离,以甲醇和体积分数0.1%甲酸5 mmol乙酸铵(V/V)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果表明:三甲氧苄氨嘧啶质量浓度在1.25~15.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.99)。方法的定量限(信噪比为10)为5.0μg/kg,在5.0,10.0μg/kg添加浓度的回收率为61.2%~108.5%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~9.8%之间。方法适合于多种基质中三甲氧苄氨嘧啶的测定。     

加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光法检测4种黄曲霉毒素

建立了三氟乙酸( TFA)柱前衍生,加压毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光( pCEC-LIF)快速测定黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2方法。使用粒径1.8μm的C18毛细管色谱柱,以甲醇-水(45：55, V/V,含0.05%甲酸)为流动相,泵流速为0.05 mL/min,分离电压为15 kV,激发波长为375 nm,发射波长为450 nm,黄曲霉毒素B1, B2, G1, G2达到基线分离。各组分的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.02,0.016,0.008和0.01μg/L,在0.1~10μg/L,0.1~10μg/L,0.1~3.0μg/L,0.1~3.0μg/L 范围内分别呈线性相关,相关系数 R2分别为0.9999,1.0000,0.9995,0.9997。将本方法应用于花生酱的分析,加标回收率在90.0%~112.0%之间,RSD在0.5%~1.9%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定烟火药剂中的没食子酸

建立了烟火药剂中没食子酸的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用ZorbaxEclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6×150 mm)分离,以甲醇-0.1%冰乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min;测定温度为25℃;采用紫外检测器检测,检测波长为274 nm。没食子酸的质量浓度在0.5~20μg/mL时与色谱峰面积之间线性关系良好(相关系数r=0.9999);对烟火药剂样品进行3个不同浓度水平的添加回收,回收率为90.8%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~6.4%。     

Copolymers of tetrafluoroethene with chlorotrifluoroethene and with bromotrifluoroethene

Tetrafluoroethene (TFE)–chlorotrifluoroethene (CTFE) and TFE–bromotrifluoroethene (BTFE) copolymers have been synthesized by solution copolymerization over the entire range of comonomer composition. Crystallinity data are reported and first- and second-order transitions have been investigated by DSC. Glass transition temperatures of TFE-CTFE copolymers vary in a nonlinear fashion in the range defined by the homopolymers conforming best to the Johnston equation; the behavior in the TFE-BTFE system is more linear. Whereas TFE-BTFE copolymers show a steep decrease of melting temperature at higher BTFE content, due to the amorphous character of the polymers, more regular behavior was found for TFE-CTFE copolymers. Enthalpies of fusion are also reported. The results are discussed in relation to copolymer composition and structure and are compared with data on tetrafluoroethene–hexafluoropropene (FEP) fluorocarbon resins.     

Extraction with supercritical gases in coupling with thin-layer chromatography

Summary Numerous substances can be extracted from samples by supercritical gases, e.g. either carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide in the fluid condition at temperatures of 40° C and pressures between 70 and 400 bar. An apparatus for such solvent-free extraction in the analytical field is described. It is coupled directly with a receiving apparatus for subsequent thin-layer chromatography. Three examples with corresponding chromatograms show the possibilities and advantages of this new coupling procedure.

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Extraktion mit überkritischen Gasen in Kopplung mit der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie1. Mitteilung: Aufbau der Apparatur, Handhabung und Anwendung

Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche Substanzen lassen sich mit überkritischen Gasen aus Proben fraktioniert abtrennen. Als Gase dienen z.B. Kohlendioxid und Distickstoffoxid im fluiden Zustand, d.h. bei Temperaturen von 40° C und Drücken zwischen 70 und 400 bar. Für derartige lösungsmittelfreie Extraktionen im analytischen Bereich wird eine Apparatur beschrieben. Sie ist direkt mit einer Auffangapparatur zur anschließenden Dünnschicht-Chromatographie gekoppelt. An 3 Beispielen mit entsprechenden Chromatogrammen werden die Möglichkeiten und Vorteile dieser neuen Kopplungsmethode demonstriert.

     

Asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine and with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid

Conclusions The asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid can be used to resolve racemates by the ligand-exchange chromatography method. Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2378–2380, October, 1976.     

Reactions of indole derivatives with cardioprotective activity with reactive oxygen species. Comparison with melatonin

We have previously reported on the synthesis of novel indole derivatives containing an amine-triazole moiety (1a-d, 2a-c), and their antioxidant activity on in vitro non-enzymatic rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. Some of the compounds showed protective activity against oxidative injury of ischemic myocardium. In the present paper we investigated the interactions of these derivatives with reactive oxygen species, in order to find a mechanism of their antioxidant capacity and to identify structural characteristics responsible for these properties. These interactions were compared with melatonin, which is also an indole derivative. The antioxidant profiles of the compounds were established by different in vitro protocols as follows: 1) by the interaction of the compounds with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, 2) their scavenging effects on superoxide anions using an enzymic system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase, 3) their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and 4) their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for *OH. All compounds were found to interact with DPPH, most of them to be superoxide anion scavengers and to be strong hydroxyl radical scavengers. Derivatives 1a and 1d substituted on the nitrogen of the indolic nucleus were found to have better antioxidant properties than the reference compounds used and melatonin.     

Nanocomposite material with immobilized acid-base dyes conjugated with polysaccharides

Water-soluble acid-base dyes xylenol orange and methyl red are linked by covalent bonds to chitosan macromolecules; neutral dye red is bound to carboxymethyl cellulose to prevent their washing-off from silicate matrix. Dye conjugates were then immobilized by modified sol-gel method using silicate precursor compatible with polysaccharides. Synthesized hybrid nanocomposite materials are optically transparent, which makes it possible to apply them to develop sensors for measuring pH. Spectral characteristics of dyes, their conjugates, and prepared nanocomposites with silicate matrix are studied in detail. It is shown that xylenol orange, which is linked with chitosan by covalent bonds, is the most suitable dye for the development of sensor materials because the conjugation by carboxyl groups, which do not directly bound with chromophore center, does not deteriorate the spectral properties of this dye. In the cases of methyl red and neutral red dyes, undesirable changes in their properties in the course of conjugation are caused by the covalent binding by functional groups, which are auxochromes directly affecting all spectral characteristics of dyes. An increase in the solubility of polysaccharide in water can also positively affect the covalent binding of dyes with chitosan that allows polysaccharide to be used in neutral and alkaline media.     

Voltammetry with a Fluoride-Selective Electrode with Solid-Phase Reference System

Experimental results obtained in a study of the voltammetric response of an all-solid fluoride-selective electrode based on LaF₃ (Eu²⁺ 0.8 mol %), LaF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) and CeF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) single crystals brought in contact with Ag, Bi, and Sn metal samples are presented. The method of cathodic inversion voltammetry was applied to study the reduction of La³⁺ and Ce³⁺-cations from the rigid sublattice of solid electrolytes, which determines the threshold of the electrochemical stability of a membrane. Anodic inversion voltammetry was used to investigate the characteristics of solid-phase generation of metal fluorides at the interface between the fluoride-selective electrode and metals.     

Electrochemical sensing with electrodes modified with molecularly imprinted polymer films

This article summarises our work on the development of voltammetric sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers. Several recognition elements and integration strategies were used:1.membranes electropolymerised at the electrode surface; 2.casting of polymeric membranes by drop-coating a solution of pre-formed polymer (polyphosphazene) and template in a low-boiling-point solvent on to the electrode surface; 3.preparation of composite membranes containing conductive material (graphite or carbon black), acrylic-type molecularly imprinted polymers (small particle size), and PVC as binder; and 4.in-situ polymerisation of a thin layer of acrylic imprinted polymer deposited on the electrode surface by spin coating.All the options evaluated offer the possibility of controlling electrode characteristics such as hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, permeability, or film thickness, which are essential for obtaining good sensor performance.