荧光光谱法研究法莫替丁-Pd(Ⅱ)-卤代荧光素染料的相互作用及其分析应用

采用荧光光谱法和吸收光谱法研究法莫替丁(FMTD)与Pd(Ⅱ)及卤代荧光素染料的相互作用.在pH3.2～4.1的NaOAc-HOAc介质中,FMTD与Pd(Ⅱ)形成螯合阳离子,它能进一步与二溴荧光素(DBF)、曙红Y(EY)、乙基伊红(EE)和荧光桃红(TCBF)等卤代荧光素(HF)类染料反应形成三元离子缔合物[Pd(FMTD)]·(HF)2,引起DBF,EY,EE和TCBF吸收光谱变化和荧光猝灭.离子缔合物的最大吸收峰位于541(DBF体系)、547(EY体系)、549(EE体系)、558(TCBF体系)nm,最大荧光发射波长(λem)在513～540nm范围,荧光猝灭程度(△F)顺序为DBFEYEETCBF.△F在一定的范围内与FMTD的浓度成正比,检出限为13.6～29.6ng·mL-1.据此提出了灵敏度高、选择性好、快速准确测定FMTD的荧光光谱新方法.可用于服用FMTD后尿药浓度的测定,为FMTD药代动力学研究提供借鉴.文中还对三元离子缔合物的组成、结构和荧光猝灭机理进行了讨论.     

头孢噻肟钠与吖黄素的荧光猝灭反应及其分析应用

在pH 2.1~4.1的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,头孢噻肟钠(CFTM)与吖黄素(AF)形成1∶1的离子缔合物,导致吖黄素溶液荧光猝灭。当分别于最大激发和最大发射波长(λex/λem=266 nm/506 nm)进行测量时,荧光猝灭值(ΔF)与CFTM浓度在一定范围呈良好的线性关系。该方法灵敏度高,测定CFTM的线性范围和检出限分别为0.07~5.0 mg/L和0.021 mg/L。考察了体系的荧光光谱特征、适宜的反应条件和共存物质的影响,讨论了离子缔合物的组成。基于离子缔合反应,发展了测定CFTM的高灵敏、简便、快速的新方法,将其用于血清和尿液中CFTM的测定,结果满意。     

分子光谱法研究曙红Y与马来酸罗格列酮相互作用及其分析应用

在HCl-NaAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与马来酸罗格列酮(ROM)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起吸收光谱(UV)的变化和EY的荧光猝灭(FS),更能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强,并产生新的RRS光谱。以试剂为参比,吸收光谱的最大褪色波长为510nm;荧光猝灭的激发波长λex和发射波长λem分别为521和544nm;最大共振散射波长λRRS为307nm,并在532nm处形成较强的散射峰。各方法的线性范围分别为4.98×10-7～7.5×10-6 mol/L(UV)、8.34×10-8～1.79×10-5 mol/L(FS)和4.66×10-9～1.25×10-5 mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.49×10-7 mol/L(UV)、2.50×10-8 mol/L(FS)和1.40×10-9 mol/L(RRS)。文中研究了吸收、荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,并对荧光猝灭机制及RRS的增强进行了讨论,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物马来酸罗格列酮的新方法。     

铜-硫堇同步荧光光谱行为研究及其应用

研究了Cu2+对硫堇(TH)荧光光谱的影响,发现Cu2+对TH的荧光有猝灭作用。为了消除瑞利散射的干扰,进一步考察了Cu2+对TH同步荧光(Δλ=4～12 nm)的猝灭情况,并确定λex为626 nm,λem为635 nm(Δλ=9 nm)为工作波长。在同步荧光猝灭度(ΔF)与Cu2+质量浓度(ρCu2+)之间呈良好的线性关系,并据此建立了测定Cu2+的新方法。Cu2+的线性范围0.0133～0.975μg/mL,检出限为0.004μg/mL,加标回收率为97.4%～104.2%。该方法可用于自来水和矿泉水中痕量铜的测定。     

卤代荧光素荧光猝灭法测定肾上腺色腙

在pH=6.6 的缓冲介质中, 肾上腺色腙(CBZC)与二氯荧光素(DCF)、二溴荧光素(DBF) 和二碘荧光素(DIF)通过静电引力、芳基堆积作用和范德华力形成摩尔比为2: 1的复合物, 引起上述二卤代荧光素的荧光发生猝灭, 最大猝灭波长分别位于533, 536和560 nm. 其荧光猝灭值(ΔF)在一定范围内与肾上腺色腙浓度成正比, 荧光猝灭反应具有较高的灵敏度, 对CBZC的检出限分别为3.3 ng/mL(CBZC-DCF体系), 5.7 ng/mL(CBZC-DBF体系)和129.6 ng/mL(CBZC-DIF体系). 考察了共存物质的影响、荧光猝灭反应的适宜条件和影响因素, 结果表明, 该方法具有良好的选择性, 可用于CBZC的血药和尿药浓度的快速检测. 从温度的影响、荧光寿命以及Stern-Volmer图判断该反应为静态猝灭反应.     

荧光素染料与富马酸酮替芬的光谱研究及应用

在弱酸性缓冲介质中,富马酸酮替芬和某些卤代荧光素类染料(曙红Y、荧光桃红和曙红B)借助静电引力和疏水作用力形成离子缔合物,引起共振光散射光谱、吸收光谱及荧光光谱的变化。实验表明,曙红Y体系灵敏度最高。对曙红Y、荧光桃红和曙红B体系,线性范围分别为0.12~8.4μg/mL、0.24~8.4μg/mL和0.18~6.0μg/mL,检测限分别为12.72 ng/mL、12.52μg/mL和18.21μg/mL。方法已用于分析富马酸酮替芬片剂、血清及尿样。     

苯海拉明与赤藓红相互作用的吸收、荧光和共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH 4.5的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中, 赤藓红(ET)与苯海拉明(DP)形成1: 1的离子缔合物, 不仅引起吸收光谱的变化和荧光猝灭, 更导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强并产生新的RRS光谱, 最大RRS峰位于580 nm附近. 研究了反应产物的吸收、荧光和RRS光谱特征, 适宜的反应条件及分析化学性质, 据此发展了以赤藓红为光谱探针的灵敏、简便、快速测定DP的新方法. RRS法、分光光度法和荧光猝灭法对DP的检出限依次为0.0020, 0.088和0.094 μg/mL, 线性范围分别是0.0067 ~ 2.0, 0.29 ~ 6.4和0.31~3.2 μg/mL. 研究了苯海拉明与赤藓红相互作用对吸收、荧光和RRS光谱的影响. 散射光偏振实验显示结合产物在最大散射波长处的偏振度为0.9779, 表明DP-ET体系的共振散射光谱主要由散射光构成, 基本不含共振荧光成分. 还采用量子化学AM1法计算了反应前后生成焓和平均极化率的变化, 讨论了RRS光谱产生及增强的原因及光吸收、荧光和RRS之间的能量转换关系.     

头孢曲松钠与吖黄素的荧光猝灭反应及其分析应用

在pH值2.09~5.02的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,头孢曲松钠(CTRX)与吖黄素(AF)形成1∶1的离子缔合物,导致吖黄素溶液荧光猝灭。 当分别于最大激发和最大发射(λex/λem)266 nm/506 nm进行测量时,荧光猝灭值(ΔF)与CTRX浓度在一定范围呈良好的线性关系。 该方法灵敏度高,测定CTRX的线性范围和检出限分别为0.056~5.0 mg/L和0.016 mg/L。 研究了体系的荧光光谱特征、适宜的反应条件和共存物质的影响,讨论了离子缔合物的组成,基于离子缔合物反应,发展了测定CTRX的高灵敏、简便和快速的新方法,用于血清和尿液中CTRX的测定,结果令人满意。     

盐酸吡格列酮与曙红Y相互作用的荧光和共振光散射光谱研究

在HCl-NaOAc酸性缓冲介质中,曙红Y(EY)与盐酸吡格列酮(PGH)反应形成1∶1的离子缔合物,不仅引起曙红Y的荧光猝灭(FLU),更能导致共振散射(RRS)的显著增强。荧光猝灭的激发和发射波长分别为λex=524nm和λem=544nm;最大共振散射波长为308nm,并在540nm处产生一共振峰。方法的线性范围分别为9.04×10-7～2.05×10-5mol/L(FLU)和1.6×10-7～5.1×10-6mol/L(RRS),检出限分别为1.88×10-7mol/L(FLU)和4.82×10-8mol/L(RRS)。研究了荧光和共振散射的光谱特征、适宜的反应条件及影响因素,据此建立了灵敏、简便、快速测定抗糖尿病药物盐酸吡格列酮的新方法。     

同原射线计量分析-荧光猝灭法同时测定Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)

在pH为3.35~3.85的B-R缓冲溶液中,稀土离子Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)均能与泛昔洛韦(FCV)形成络合物,并使FCV的荧光(λex/λem=304/370nm)显著猝灭。该体系荧光猝灭程度(△F)在一定范围内与Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)的质量浓度成正比,但荧光强度的减弱随Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)质量浓度的线性增幅存在显著差异。结合两组分荧光光谱强度的加和性,建立双组分信号响应的两条标准曲线,可据同原射线的计量分析法同时测定Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)。方法对Eu(Ⅲ)和Ce(Ⅳ)的检出限分别为8.68、18.0ng/mL,线性范围分别为0.05~3.2、0.1~3.2μg/mL。     

A Highly Sensitive Spectrophotometric Assay of Bleomycins Based on the Fading Reaction of Some Halofluorescein Dyes

In weak acidic medium, anticancer antibiotics bleomycin A5 （BLMA5） and bleomycin A2 （BLMA2） can react with halofluorescein dyes such as erythrosin （Ery）, eosin Y （EY）, eosin B （EB） and rose bengal （RB） by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form the ion-association complexes, which can result in the fading reactions of four halofluorescein dyes. The maximum fading wavelengths of these four dyes were located at 527 nm for Ery, 515 nm for EY, 517 nm for EB and 546 nm for RB, respectively. The decrements of absorbance （AA） were directly proportional to the concentrations of bleomycin in a certain range. A new method for the determination of bleomycins anticancer drugs based on fading reactions of halofluorescein dyes has been developed. The method was not only highly sensitive but also simple and rapid. The molar absorptivities （ε） ranged from 1.5 × 10^5 to 7.5 × 10^5 L·mol^-1·cm^-1. It was applied to determination of the bleomycins in human serum, urine and rabbit serum samples. In this work, the spectral properties and the optimum reaction conditions were investigated. The structure of ion-association complexes and the reaction mechanism were discussed.     

钯（II）-克林霉素-卤代荧光素体系的共振瑞丽散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH为5.0-5.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,克林霉素（Clin）与钯(Ⅱ)形成螯合阳离子,它能进一步与二碘荧光素（DIF）,赤藓红（Ery）,曙红Y（EY）等卤代荧光素类染料反应形成1：1：1的三元离子缔合物,此时将引起吸收光谱变化和荧光猝灭,同时还导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,钯(Ⅱ)-克林霉素与DIF,Ery和EY形成产物的最大散射波长分别位于285,287,32 1nm处,另外还有些较弱的散射峰存在。散射增强（ΔI）与克林霉素浓度在一定范围内成正比,可用于克林霉素的定量测定。对于DIF,Ery和EY体系的线性范围和检出限分别为0.025-2.1μg•mL-1和7.8 ng•mL-1,0.053-2.4μg•mL-1和16.0 ng•mL-1;以及0.038-2.4μg•mL-1和11.0 ng•mL-1。本文研究了适宜的反应条件,考察了共存物质的影响,表明方法有较好的选择性,基于三元离子缔合物的RRS光谱,发展了一种高灵敏、简便快速测定克林霉素的新方法。文中还对离子缔合物的组成,结构和反应机理,以及离子缔合物对吸收,荧光和RRS光谱的影响进行了讨论。     

Simple and Sensitive Determination of Sibutramine in Slimming Tea Beverages Using a Carbon Screen‐printed Electrode with Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

The stimulant sibutramine is an anorexic agent found as an adulterant in natural products and multivitamins supplements used for weight‐loss. In this work, a carbon graphite screen‐printed electrode (SPE‐Gr) with adsorptive stripping pulse differential voltammetry (AdSDPV) is presented for the sensitive and simple detection of sibutramine in slimming tea beverages. The proposed electrochemical method shows a linear working range from 2.0 to 120 μM with a low LOD (0.3 μM) for sibutramine determination in slimming tea samples. The analytical performance of the SPE‐Gr with AdSDPV for sibutramine detection suggests its possible application as an easy, fast and low‐cost method to analyse adulterated tea samples with this stimulant at low levels (<0.1 %).     

测定盐酸西布曲明的电位传感器的研制与应用

以四苯硼酸钠与盐酸西布曲明生成的离子缔合物为电活性物质,研制了盐酸西布曲明传感器。试验表明:盐酸西布曲明聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜传感器对盐酸西布曲明具有良好的选择性和电位响应特性。在pH 5的溶液中,电极电位呈现近能斯特响应,线性范围为1.0×10-6～1.0×10-1mol.L-1,斜率为50 mV.pc-1(26℃),检出限(3S/N)为5.62×10-7mol.L-1。将电极用于药物中盐酸西布曲明含量的测定,测得回收率为97.3%～100.2%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2%。     

Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry validated method for the simultaneous quantification of sibutramine and its primary and secondary amine metabolites in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study

A high-throughput and sensitive bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has been developed for the estimation of sibutramine and its two metabolites (M1 and M2). The extraction of sibutramine, its metabolites and imipramine (internal standard (IS)) from the plasma involved treatment with phosphoric acid followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced HLB cartridge. The SPE eluate without drying and reconstitution was analyzed by LC/MS/MS, equipped with a with turbo ion spray (TIS) source, operating in the positive and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. Sample preparation by this method yielded extremely clean extracts with quantitative and consistent mean recoveries; 95.12% for sibutramine, 92.74% for M1, 95.97% for M2 and 96.60% for the IS. The total chromatographic run time was 3.0 min with retention times of 2.51, 2.13, 2.09 min for sibutramine, M1, M2 and imipramine, respectively. The developed method was validated in human plasma matrix, with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/mL (coefficient of variance (CV), 2.07%) for sibutramine, 0.1 ng/mL (CV, 3.59%) for M1 and 0.2 ng/mL (CV, 4.93%) for M2. Validation of the method for its accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability was carried out especially with regard to real subject sample analysis. The response was linear over the dynamic range 0.1 to 8.0 ng/mL for sibutramine and M1, and 0.2 to 16.0 ng/mL for M2 with correlation coefficients of r > or = 0.9959 (sibutramine), 0.9935 (M1) and 0.9943 (M2). The method was successfully applied for bioequivalence studies in 40 human subjects with 15 mg capsule formulations.     

Detection of sibutramine administration: a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study of the main urinary metabolites

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) study aimed at identifying the metabolites of sibutramine (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-alpha-(2-methylpropyl)cyclobutanemethanamine) in urine is described. Urinary excretion of sibutramine metabolites following the oral administration of a single dose of sibutramine was followed by GC/MS analysis. After identification of the chromatographic signals corresponding to the six main urinary metabolites, the fragmentation pattern was studied in electron ionization (EI) mode after derivatization to the corresponding methyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives. Urine samples were pretreated according to a reference procedure (liquid/liquid separation, enzymatic hydrolysis, pre-concentration under a stream of nitrogen and derivatization, either under thermal incubation and by microwave irradiation). All sibutramine metabolites were excreted as glucuroconjugates, and retain the chiral carbon present in the sibutramine skeleton. The metabolites identified included mono-desmethylsibutramine (nor-sibutramine), bi-desmethylsibutramine (nor-nor-sibutramine), and the corresponding hydroxylated compounds, the hydroxylation taking place either on the cyclobutane or on the isopropyl chain. The excretion profiles of the different metabolites were also evaluated. From an analytical point of view, the method can be applied to different fields of forensic analytical toxicology, including anti-doping analysis. Although the lack of certified reference materials does not allow a precise determination of the limits of detection (LODs) of all the sibutramine metabolites, an estimation taking into account the response factor of similar compounds ensures that all metabolites are still clearly detectable in a range of concentrations between 10 and 50 ng/mL, thus satisfying the minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).     

Simultaneous determination of sibutramine and N-Di-desmethylsibutramine in dietary supplements for weight control by HPLC-ESI-MS

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method, coupled with UV detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-ESI-MS), is developed for the simultaneous determination of the illegal additives sibutramine and its metabolite N-di-desmethylsibutramine in dietary supplements for weight control. The separation is achieved on a Spherisorb C8 reversed-phase column, employing acetonitrile and an aqueous 0.2% formic acid solution containing 20mM ammonium acetate as mobile phases in a gradient mode. UV detection is used for quantitation at a wavelength of 223 nm. Identification of target compounds is completed by ESI-MS using selected ion recording at m/z 280 for sibutramine and m/z 252 for N-di-desmethylsibutramine. Calibration curves are linear over the range of 0.025-1.0 mg/mL for sibutramine and N-di-desmethylsibutramine. Correlation coefficients are better than 0.9990. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy for sibutramine and N-di-desmethylsibutramine are acceptable. The method is successfully applied to the analysis of natural dietary supplement samples.     

First preparation of enantiomerically pure sibutramine and its major metabolite,and determination of their absolute configuration by single crystal X-ray analysis

Racemic sibutramine was resolved with dibenzoyl-d-tartaric acid, and the absolute stereochemistry of sibutramine was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography of its dibenzoyl d-tartrate. The major active metabolite (desmethylsibutramine) was obtained by demethylation of sibutramine with DEAD. Enantiomeric purity of sibutramine was determined by HPLC on an Ultron ES-OVM column.     

Metabolite profile of sibutramine in human urine: a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study

We present a detailed experimental approach to detection and subsequent structural characterization of unknown metabolites of sibutramine, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. The full-, precursor ion, and constant neutral loss scan modes of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used for screening sibutramine metabolites in human urine. The structural assessment of unknown metabolites was based on MSn ion trap mass spectrometric analysis and comparison of MSn spectra between the standards and compounds detected. Two phase-I (M1 and M2) and eight phase-II (M3-M6) metabolites of sibutramine were found in human urine. Metabolites M1 and M2, which were found as minor metabolites, originated from N-demethylation of sibutramine. Carbamoyl glucuronides formed from metabolites M1, M2, and their hydroxylated analogs were the main metabolites of sibutramine and were characterized by tandem mass spectrometric analysis and by the chemical modification of their structure. We demonstrate the usefulness of the chemical derivatization approach for estimation of the site of glucuronidation and propose the formation of hydroxylated regioisomers of metabolites M4 and M6.