固体电解质Ce_(0.9)Er_(0.1-x)Pr_xO_(1.95+δ)的微观结构及电性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了固体电解质Ce0.9Er0.1-xPrxO1.95+δ(x=0.02~0.08),利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和交流阻抗谱研究了样品的微观结构和电性能.XRD结果表明,800℃煅烧的所有样品均形成了单相立方萤石结构;Raman光谱结果表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ具有氧缺位的立方萤石结构;XPS分析表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ存在氧缺位,Pr3+离子和Pr4+离子共存;AFM观测结果表明,1300℃下烧结的样品比1400℃下烧结的样品致密;交流阻抗谱结果表明,Pr掺杂量x=0.05时,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ的电导率最高(σ600℃=1.34×10-2S/cm,Ea=0.90 e V),比未掺杂Pr的Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95(σ600℃=8.81×10-3S/cm,Ea=0.92 e V)提高了52%,说明在Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95中适量掺杂Pr可提高材料的电导率,降低活化能.     

Ba0.95Ce0.9Y03-α固体氧化物燃料电池性能

以Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α为固体电解质,Pt为电极,组成氢-空气燃料电池,测定了该电池600～1000℃下电流-电压特性、电极极化特性和电解质中各电荷载流子(质子、氧离子、电子空穴)迁移数及其电导率.实验表明,该电池放电性能良好,能稳定地输出电能,1000℃时的最大输出电流密度为680 mA@cm-2.正、负Pt电极极化特性很小,放电时的电压耗损主要由电解质电阻产生.在氢-空气燃料电池条件下,Ba0.95Ce0.9Y0.1O3-α显示混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性.随着温度升高,质子迁移数减小而氧离子迁移数增大,当温度为780℃时,质子和氧离子迁移数相同(0.46),在低于780℃时,质子电导占优势,而在高于780℃时,氧离子电导占优势.     

甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备中温SOFC电解质及电极材料

采用一种新的燃烧合成陶瓷粉末的方法－－甘氨酸－硝酸盐法合成中温SOFC所有元件的初始粉体，电池的电解质材料是（CeO2)x(SmO1.5)1-x(x=0.9,0.85,0.8），阳极材料是掺（CeO2)0.5(SmO1.5)0.2(SDC)的NiO，阴极材料是SDC与La0.7Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3的复合材料，其中以（CeO2)0.9(SmO1.5)0.1为电解质的单电池性能最好，在750℃时短路电流密度为0.5A/cm^2，最大功率密度达0.104W/cm^2，通过SEM结果分析，掺杂摩尔分数20％SmO1.5的电解质晶界非常明显，而掺杂10％的电解质晶界有很强的融合消失的趋势。     

二甲醚的电催化氧化反应

 考察了负载于镓酸镧基电解质上的镍电极与镍－钐掺杂氧化铈复合电极电催化二甲醚氧化反应的特性．结果表明，反应的主要产物均为CO，H2和CH4，同时生成少量完全氧化的产物H2O和CO2．在开路电位下二甲醚发生裂解反应，生成的CO，H2和CH4三种主要产物的比例接近于1．在有电泵氧存在下，二甲醚的电催化氧化反应强烈地依赖于阳极及电解质材料的组成．Ni／La0．9Sr0．1Ga0．8Mg0．2O3界面上发生的主反应是二甲醚的部分氧化，且存在有严重的积碳现象．电极中掺入SDC（15％Sm3＋－掺杂的CeO2）后，二甲醚完全氧化性能明显增强；随着电流的增大，氢的生成速率显著减小，并生成大量的H2O．采用掺钴镓酸镧基电解质后，Ni－SDC主要表现为催化二甲醚部分氧化反应，且显著抑制了积碳的发生．Ni－SDC／La0．8Sr0．2Ga0．8－Mg0．11Co0．09O3上二甲醚电催化氧化反应的主要产物为1∶1的CO和H2．掺钴电解质引起Ni－SDC具有特殊的催化性能，可能与电解质中p型电导的存在有关．     

钐掺杂对CeO2电解质导电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Ce1-xSmxO2-δ(x=0,0.1,0.2)系列固体电解质.通过XRD,Raman,SEM和交流阻抗技术系统研究掺杂浓度、相对密度、晶粒大小和氧空位浓度对电解质导电性能的影响.XRD结果表明,所有样品均呈现CeO2结构,即形成了 Ce1-xSmxO2-δ固溶体.在掺杂离子相同,电解质的晶粒大小和相对密度十分接近的情况下,较多Sm3+的掺人能促使样品形成较多的氧空位,更有利于O2-的传递,从而使得Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ的电导性能高于Ce0.9Sm0.1O2-δ样品.     

BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质的离子导电性

用交流复阴抗谱法测定了混合离子(质子+氧离子)导电性固体电解质BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α在600～1000℃下不同气氛(干燥空气、湿润空气及湿润氢气)中的电导率;通过测定总电导率(离子电导率+电子电导率)随气氛中氧分压po2变化,求得离子电导率和离子迁移数;用氢浓差电池方法测得氢气中的质子迁移数。结果表明,BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体电解质在氧分压<10Pa的气氛(如氢气)中几乎为纯离子导体,而在氧分压为10～10^5Pa的气氛(如空气)中为离子和电子空穴混合导体;样品在各气氛中的离子电导率均高于10^-2S·cm^-1。     

钐锶钴阴极/镧锶镓镁电解质界面的元素扩散

采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及电化学方法考察了固体氧化物燃料电池钐锶钴(Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ,SSC)阴极烧结温度和时间对镧锶镓镁(La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δLSGM)电解质的导电行为和电解质/阴极界面电化学性质的影响.结果表明,当SSC阴极的烧结温度由1173 K升高到1323 K时,LSGM/SSC界面形成了LaSrGaO4和LaSrGa3O7杂相:当烧结温度升高到1373 K时,还形成了高电子电导率的La-Sr-Co-O复合化合物.Co元素的扩散导致LSGM电解质电子电导率升高,氧离子迁移数和电池开路电压降低.延长SSC阴极烧结时间,LSGM电解质的欧姆电阻增大,电解质氧离子迁移数和电池的开路电压降低,这足由于延长SSC烧结时间加剧了LSGM/SSC界面上高阻抗相LaSrGaO4和LaSrGa3O7的生成.阴极中人量Co元素的扩散改变了LSGM电解质内部组成与结构.     

SrCe0.9Yb0.1O3-α陶瓷的导电性

以高温固相反应法合成了质子导电性氧化物陶瓷SrCe0.9Yb0.1O3-α.粉末XRD结果表明,该陶瓷样品为单一斜方相钙钛矿型结构.以陶瓷样品为固体电解质、多孔性铂为电极,采用交流阻抗谱技术和气体浓差电池方法分别测定了样品在600～1000 ℃下、干燥空气及湿润氢气中的电导率及离子迁移数,研究了样品的离子导电特性.结果表明,在600～1000 ℃下干燥空气中,陶瓷样品的最大电导率为0.026 S·cm-1,氧离子迁移数为0.03～0.2,是一个氧离子与空穴的混合导体;在湿润氢气中,陶瓷样品的最大电导率为0.015 S·cm-1. 600～800 ℃时,陶瓷样品的质子迁移数为1,是一个纯的质子导体,而在900～1000 ℃时,陶瓷样品的质子迁移数为0.91～0.97,是一个质子与电子的混合导体,质子电导占主导.     

共压-共烧结法制备固体氧化物燃料电池及其结构性能分析

用共压-共烧结法制备以Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(CGO)作电解质的中温固体氧化物燃料电池,其中EGO和阴极材料La0.6Sr0．4Co0.2Fe0．8O3-α(LSCF)由溶胶凝胶法合成．实验表明,由共压-共烧结法制备的上述材料组装的电池具有致密的电解质层,且与电极的结合非常紧密,测得的最大输出功率0．14W／cm^2,相应的操作温度为650℃,电流密度为307mA／cm^2．该电池的电化学过程为内阻和浓差极化联合控制,使用造孔剂可改善阳极基底的孔隙结构,降低浓差极化过电位．     

新型氧离子导体La_2Mo_2O_9

La2Mo2O9是一种具有高离子导电性的新型氧离子导体,其氧离子电导率在1073K时高达0.06S/cm,与YSZ在1273K时的电导率相当。这种高的离子导电性使它在中温固体氧化物燃料电池、氧传感器、透氧膜、固态离子器件等领域有着重要的潜在应用前景。本文从La2Mo2O9的结构、性质、氧离子扩散机理及其掺杂改性4个方面综述了近年来La2Mo2O9基固体电解质的研究热点和新进展,为该固体电解质材料的研究提供了有价值的信息。     

Synthesis and crystal structure of mixed metal(III) tungstenyl(VI) ortho-pyrophosphates

The series of isotypic anhydrous ortho-pyrophosphates M^III(W^VIO₂)₂(P₂O₇)(PO₄) (M: Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ru, Rh, In, Ir) was obtained via vapor phase moderated solid state reactions in sealed ampoules. The crystal structure of the phosphates M^III(W^VIO₂)₂(P₂O₇)(PO₄) (M: V, Ru, Rh) was solved from single crystal X-ray data (C2/c, Z = 16). Fairly regular MO₆ and distorted WO₆ octahedra share vertices with PO₄ and P₂O₇ units to form a 3D network. For the ortho-pyrophosphates with M: V³⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺ the oxidation state of M is confirmed by magnetic measurements. ³¹P-MAS-NMR spectra of the diamagnetic phosphates M^III(W^VIO₂)₂(P₂O₇)(PO₄) (M: Sc, In, Ir) show surprisingly different isotropic chemical shifts for the seven phosphorus sites. V^III(W^VIO₂)₂(P₂O₇)(PO₄) occurs as equilibrium phase in the quasi-binary system (V_1–xW_x)OPO₄ at x = 0.67 and exhibits a small homogeneity range 0.60 ≤ x ≤ 0.67. The scandium compound shows a fully inverted occupancy of the M sites according to the formulation W(Sc_1/2W_1/2O₂)₂(P₂O₇)(PO₄).     

A facile synthesis of novel 2-amino-6-arylmethyl-7-carboxamido-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]thiazepin-5-ones

A facile synthesis of novel 2-amino-6-arylmethyl-7-carboxamido-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]thiazepin-5-ones is described. The synthesis was developed on solid phase and was applied to provide a series of analogs in good yield. The key reactions are acylation of a cysteine derivative with 2,4-dichloropyrimidine-5-carbonyl chloride followed by cyclization to generate a 6-arylmethyl-7-carboxamido-2-chloro-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]thiazepin-5-one, which is further derivatized with an amine to give the desired 2-amino-6-arylmethyl-7-carboxamido-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]thiazepin-5-one.     

微波技术在固相配位化学反应中的应用研究(Ⅰ)──CO(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)配合物在微波条件下的固相合成

在微波辐射条件下研究了过渡金属[Co（Ⅱ），Ni（Ⅱ），Cu（Ⅱ）的醋酸盐与氨基酸、席夫碱、β-二酮、8-羟基隆琳等有机配体之间的固相配位化学反应，发现微波辐射条件下的固相化学反应与传统加热条件下的固相化学反应相比速度提高了数十倍甚至数百倍，并在此条件下合成出了相应的配合物．     

Analysis of small amounts of solid samples by spark-source mass spectrometry

Various elements were determined in solid samples weighing < 2 mg by spark-source mass spectrometry. The samples were fixed on the top of a cylindrical graphite electrode using a conductive silver paint. After baking, the samples were sparked against a tantalum or gold wire. The method was used for the determination of impurities in steel, iron, molybdenum and CdSe. For samples weighing ca. 1 mg, detection limits of the order of 1 μg g^?1 were obtained. A relationship between the relative sensitivity factor and physical properties is proposed.     

Influence of Adding SiO2 into ZrO2 on SO2-4/ZrO2 Solid Superacid

用共沉淀法和负载法制备了一系列SO     

以脲和硫脲为主体的高分子固体电解质的研究

研制了一种以脲和硫脲为主体的固体电解质,其室温电导率可达到６．８４×１０＾－３Ｓ·ｃｍ＾－１ｍ,分析了影响该电解质电导率的因素,初步确定该物质为一种不定型固熔体,导电机理是硫脲转化为硫氰酸铵,硫氰酸铵电离导电。     

A correlation between Hammett acidity of catalysts and their activity in temperature-programmed reaction of cumene dealkylation

On the basis of TPR spectra of cumene adsorbed on oxide catalysts, the relationship between Hammett acidity and reciprocal benzene formation temperature (H₀ = 32.50 – 18.37 10³/T_m) has been found. Using this relationship, it is possible to estimate a value of H₀ for oxide materials in an interval of –5.6 < H₀ < –16. The correlation between acidic strength of B-sites and rate constants of heterogeneous catalytic reactions is discussed.This revised version was published online in December 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Features of behavior of solid-state CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> sensors at low temperatures

The dependence of the impedance of low-temperature sensors for carbon dioxide based on the solid-state electrochemical cells Na_0.5WO₃/Na₅GdSi₄O₁₂/SnO₂(Sb₂O₄) on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air was studied. The reversible change in the sensor resistance was shown to be due to adsorption processes at intergrain boundaries of the solid electrolyte. The composition of the products of the electrochemical processes occurring in the sensors was established. Electronic Publication     

On the history of solid electrolyte fuel cells

The path to the discovery of galvanic solid electrolyte gas cells (J.-M. Gaugain 1853) and to the first industrially produced solid electrolyte gas cells (Nernst lamps 1897) is described. The development of the fundamentals of solid electrolyte fuel cells started with the work of Haber 1905, Schottky 1935, Baur 1937 and Wagner 1943. Extensive work in the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was done in the fifties by Peters and Möbius. After 1960, a rapidly growing number of scientists worked on the different problems of SOFCs, and by 1970 the basis was established on which the broad technologically orientated development of SOFCs proceeds today.