电场对TiO2纳米膜光催化性能的影响

 以泡沫镍为基材,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米膜光催化剂. 在自制外加电场光催化反应装置中,对催化剂施加一定的偏电压,研究了甲基橙溶液的光电催化降解反应,考察了偏压极性、阳极偏压和甲基橙初始溶液浓度等对降解效率的影响,并比较了光电催化与光催化、光解对甲基橙溶液降解的差异. 结果表明,外加阳极偏压形成的电场可以较大幅度提高甲基橙溶液的降解效率. 从半导体和量子力学理论出发探讨了电场促进光催化反应的作用机理.     

光催化活性二氧化钛溶胶的低温制备与表征

以钛酸丁酯为原料,在70 ℃制备了具有光催化活性的TiO2溶胶.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了溶胶结构;用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了TiO2溶胶对甲基橙的吸附和光催化降解性能.XRD图谱表明TiO2溶胶粒子的一次粒径约4 nm,晶型主要为锐钛矿型,并含有少量结晶不完善的板钛矿型;TEM图像表明溶胶中TiO2粒子分散良好,二次粒径约10 nm.吸附实验表明TiO2溶胶使甲基橙溶液褪色约17%;光催化实验表明TiO2溶胶光催化性能优异,自然光催化降解甲基橙溶液(10 mg/L),16min后甲基橙浓度几乎降为0.     

Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙活性

 采用溶液法制备了 Fe-Ni 共掺杂 ZnO 光催化剂, 并运用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和原子发射光谱等对催化剂进行了表征. 以甲基橙 (MO) 为模型污染物, 评价了样品的光催化活性, 考察了甲基橙初始浓度及其 pH 值, 以及催化剂用量等对光催化反应性能的影响. 结果表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂降低了 ZnO 的结晶度, 并促进了晶粒的长大. 光催化降解反应表明, Fe-Ni 共掺杂显著提高了 ZnO 光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 当催化剂用量为 0.6 g/L, 经 120 min 紫外光照射时, 可使甲基橙溶液 (10 mg/L) 降解率达到 93.5%. 关键词：铁; 镍; 共掺杂; 氧化锌; 光催化; 甲基橙; 降解     

TiO_2-SBA-15催化剂的制备、表征及光催化降解甲基橙

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用简单的方法制备TiO2-SBA-15催化剂,并采用FT-IR,XRD和N2吸附-脱附等方法对其进行表征.另外,将制备的TiO2-SBA-15催化剂应用于光催化降解甲基橙溶液,并讨论了钛含量、甲基橙浓度及溶液pH值对降解率的影响.结果表明:在钛酸四丁酯起始加入量为3.2mL,甲基橙浓度为10mg/L,溶液pH=3的条件下,TiO2-SBA-15光催化降解甲基橙的降解率可达到100%.     

H_2O_2处理H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2光催化降解甲基橙

采用浸渍法制备了H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂,用H_2O_2进行敏化处理,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。探讨了该催化剂对甲基橙溶液的催化降解活性,较系统地研究了溶液的初始浓度、溶液的pH、催化剂用量对光催化降解甲基橙的影响。研究发现:H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2对甲基橙有良好的降解效果。在甲基橙溶液初始浓度为10mg·L~(-1),溶液pH为2.5,催化剂用量为溶液总质量0.5%的条件下光照2.5h,甲基橙的降解率达到91.1%。H_3PW_6Mo_6O_(40)/ZrO_2-SiO_2催化剂光催化降解甲基橙溶液为一级动力学反应。     

氟铌酸钾的低温固相法合成及其对甲基橙的光催化降解性能

以草酸铌、草酸钾和氟化钾为原料,采用改进的固相法在较低温度(600℃)下合成了层状K2NbO3F;测定了其对甲基橙光催化降解的催化作用,并基于紫外-可见漫反射光谱分析和X射线衍射分析初步探讨了甲基橙在自然光照条件下的光催化反应过程及降解机理.结果表明,合成的K2NbO3F与微量H2O2作用后,在自然光照条件下几乎可以使甲基橙染料完全降解;当反应温度为45℃,催化剂投加量为1g/L,H2O2用量为0.33%(体积分数)时,2h内可将初始浓度为15mg/L的甲基橙溶液几乎完全降解.就甲基橙的光催化降解机理而言,·OH自由基在其降解过程中起重要作用.     

铁锌柱撑膨润土催化剂的制备及其对甲基橙废水的光催化降解性能

采用微波辐照促进的溶胶浸渍法制备了铁锌柱撑膨润土催化剂;用制备的催化剂对甲基橙溶液在可见光照射下进行降解,探讨了铁负载量、H2O2质量浓度、溶液初始pH、反应时间和催化剂投加量对甲基橙降解率的影响,并考察了催化剂的重复利用性能.结果表明,在pH为3、H2O2质量浓度100mg/L、催化剂投加量1.5g/L、反应时间为2h条件下,甲基橙降解率可达97%.     

纳米ZnO/聚醋酸乙烯酯复合薄膜的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶和浸渍-提拉而后煅烧的方法得到了在可见光作用下具有光催化性能的纳米ZnO/聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)复合薄膜.通过正交设计实验,研究了PVAc的浓度、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、复合薄膜层数和附加ZnO膜层数等工艺因素对光催化性能的影响,并通过SEM,XRD和FT-IR对其进行了分析与表征.在室内普通照明用白炽灯作用下,以甲基橙溶液为催化对象,PVAc含量10%的、在250℃煅烧30min所得到的纳米ZnO/PVAe复合薄膜的光催化性能的实验结果表明,复合薄膜对甲基橙降解率达60%,而使用250℃煅烧30min所得到的纳米ZnO 4层薄膜或PVAc 4层薄膜催化的甲基橙溶液的浓度变化很小.     

不同电性的纳米银对甲基橙光谱学性质的影响

通过吸收光谱和荧光光谱等手段研究了正/负电性纳米银对不同pH值的甲基橙(MO)溶液光谱学性质的影响.研究结果表明,正电性纳米银(P-Ag)与甲基橙作用形成新的复合物,吸收光谱表现为复合物体系的性质.负电性纳米银(N-Ag)与甲基橙静电排斥作用,相互作用较弱,吸收光谱仅表现为两者简单叠加.在正电性纳米银-甲基橙体系中,S1→S0荧光明显增强.当溶液pH=2.1时,荧光增强比率最大,当pH=4.8时,荧光增强比率最小;S2→S0荧光减弱,且与体系的pH值关系不大.在负电性纳米银-甲基橙体系中,仅少量纳米银存在条件下,S1→S0荧光略增强.在溶液pH=2.1时,荧光增强比率最大;S2→S0荧光明显减弱,且与体系的pH值关系不大.分析认为,不同电性的纳米银对甲基橙光谱学性质影响不同,与纳米银与甲基橙分子间相互作用、纳米银的局域场增强效应以及无辐射能量转移作用等密切相关.     

纳米银对表面吸附甲基橙分子的光谱学性质的影响

甲基橙溶液中引入纳米银胶,甲基橙分子的π-π*和n-π*电子跃迁吸收蓝移。随着纳米银胶浓度增加,S2-S0跃迁荧光发射强度不断下降,发射峰红移,而S1-S0跃迁荧光发射强度不断增加。纳米银对pH=2.1的甲基橙溶液的S1-S0跃迁荧光发射强度增强高于pH=6的甲基橙溶液。采用透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见吸收分光光度计和荧光分光光度计等手段从局域场增强、分子间的相互作用和能量传输等方面初步探讨了纳米银胶对表面吸附甲基橙分子光谱学性质影响机制。     

Determination of chlorine in atmosphere by kinetic spectrophotometry

A kinetic method for determination of chlorine in air was described in the present work. The method based on fading of methyl orange (MO) containing solution in air absorption process. A determination limit of 2.64 microg L(-1) was found. With the present method, chlorine concentration could be determined in several minutes with convenient manipulation. As concentration variation of methyl orange in the absorption solution did not affect the experimental results, fabrication and preservation of the stock absorption is also convenient. The present method is promising in monitoring chlorine concentration in atmosphere.     

分光光度法测定二氧化钛悬浮体系中甲基橙及光催化降解效果的表征

首次利用三波长分光光度法在二氧化钛（TiO2）悬浮体系中直接测定了甲基橙（AO）并用于光催化降解效果的表征。根据三波长原理，用计算机程序选出的最佳三波长组合为420、476和516nm。在浑浊度不同的二氧化钛悬浮体系中，用三波长法直接测定了标准加入的甲基橙，其回收率为96．7％～101％；同样，在浑浊度一定的悬浮体系中，测定了不同浓度的甲基橙，回收率为99．0％～101％。该法用于表征紫外光照射下的二氧化钛（P25，TiO2纤维）光催化降解甲基橙实际体系，其实际效果与常规测量体系得出的结论完全一致，且不同浑浊度下测量结果的重现性良好。结果表明，三波长分光光度法可以有效地消除悬浮体系中浑浊的干扰，为实现二氧化钛光催化体系的在线监测及光催化降解机理的动力学研究提供了一条可行的途径。     

简单水热法合成石墨-CdSe复合材料及其光催化降解有机染料(英文)

A graphene-CdSe composite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method,and characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis,transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry.The graphene-CdSe composite efficiently catalyzed the photodegradation of methylene blue(MB),methyl orange(MO) and rhodamine B(Rh.B) in aqueous solution under UV or visible light irradiation.The graphene-CdSe composite exhibited a higher photocatalyt...     

Spectroscopic study of orange G-beta-cyclodextrin complex and its analytical application

The mechanism of the inclusion of orange G and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) has been studied by using both spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy. Effects of the pH, concentrations of beta-CD, and ionic strength on the inclusion complex of beta-CD and orange G were examined. The result showed that orange G reacts with beta-CD to form a 1:1 host-guest complex with an apparent formation constant of 3.03 x 10(3)mol(-1)l. The thermodynamic parameters of inclusion complex, DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0), and DeltaS(0) were obtained. Based on the enhancement of the absorbance of orange G produced through complex formation, a ratiometric method spectrophotometrically for the determination of orange G in bulk aqueous solution in the presence of beta-CD was developed, which overcome the effect of condition change on the determination of orange G. The linear relationship between the absorbance and orange G concentration was obtained in the range of 1.0 x 10(-5) to 4.0 x 10(-5)mol l(-1), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection limit was 3.6 x 10(-6)mol l(-1). The principal advantage of the proposed method is high accuracy because ratiometry was used in measurement.     

Sensitive and selective ion exchange test for microgram detection and spectrophotometric determination of picric acid

The microgram detection and determination of picric acid with sodium hypochlorite solution is based on its oxidation in alkaline solution and chlorination with excess of chlorine present in hypochlorite solution. A characteristic orange color is obtained, which can be used as a specific test. The sensitivity of the picric acid was enhanced by performing the resin spot test. This color reaction was applied for the determination of picric acid spectrophotometrically.     

高浓度二氧化氯气体的在线检测研究

在40℃下,高浓度ClO2气体在盘管中迅速溶解于水中达到平衡,使用分光光度法检测平衡溶液的浓度,从而间接测定出ClO2气体的浓度。该方法可检测体积分数大于0.14%的ClO2,响应时间为15~30s,相对标准偏差为0.3%,与连续碘量法相比测定结果没有显著性差异(P<0.01),全过程中未使用化学试剂,操作简便,干扰小,适用于的高浓度ClO2气体在线检测。     

微波炉浓缩甲基橙光度法测定饮用水中溴酸盐的研究

建立了一种微波浓缩甲基橙分光光度法测定水中溴酸根离子的方法。考察了酸度、时间、温度和甲基橙用量对测定方法的影响。分别对从各大超市购买的不同瓶装饮用水,经过微波炉浓缩后,用甲基橙分光光度法进行测定。其结果与离子色谱标准方法对比,结果表明:两种方法测定同一水样的相对误差小于7.0%。溴酸根离子氧化甲基橙使其褪色的最大吸收波长为510nm;溴酸根离子的浓度在0.0～1.0 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。回归方程为:Y=0.9299X-0.0001,相关系数为r=0.9992。     

The Interactions of Aqueous Solutions of Chlorine with Citric Acid. A Source of Mutagens. (A Preliminary Report)

Abstract

Citric acid, an additive to an important acrylamide based polymeric flocculant, was found to react with an aqueous solution of chlorine to give several chlorinated propanones, di- and trichloroacetic acid, chloroform, and a number of as yet unidentified chlorine containing compounds. Formation of these alledged carcinogens and mutagens also takes place by treating diluted aqueous solutions of frozen orange juice concentrate with such chlorine solutions. The formation and ratios of the detected chlorinated compounds is pH-dependent. A tentative scheme which could account for these findings is presented.     

双波长分光光度法测定有机弱酸弱碱的解离常数

本文提出了一种测定有机一元弱酸弱碱解离常数的新方法———双波长分光光度法。该方法是在选定的一对工作波长下测定相同浓度不同pH值的有机一元弱酸弱碱水溶液的吸光度,利用所推导的公式作图求得pKa(或pKb)。利用本方法测定了甲基橙、溴甲酚绿、苯酚和苯胺等多种常见的有机一元弱酸弱碱的解离常数,结果十分满意。与传统的单波长分光光度法相比,双波长法测定结果的精密度和准确度更高。     

N-Octyl Quaternized P4VP Interaction With Orange Telon

The removal of orange Telon from aqueous solutions by poly(N-octyl-4-vinylpyridiniumbromide) copolymer was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of experimental parameters on the orange Telon adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption characteristics of copolymer to ward orange Telon in dilute aqueous solution were followed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min for 0.03 g of poly(4-vinylpyridine quaternized at 58%. The kinetic of adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second-order model. Results also showed that the equilibrium modeling of orange Telon removal process was described by Langmuir isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir isotherm was 76.4 mg g^{? 1}. The study of the thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of orange Telon on copolymer is an exothermic process and the randomness decreases at the solid-solution interface during the adsorption of dye on the copolymer.