乙酸氧钛对碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换的催化作用

采用溶剂热法合成了乙酸氧钛,其对碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与苯酚的酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)的催化反应显示出了很好的催化效果.乙酸氧钛用量0.10 g时,苯酚转化率即达到47.8%,酯交换选择性在99.9%以上,仅检测到微量副产物苯甲醚.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和固体核磁共振(13C NMR)等表征结果显示,乙酸氧钛在反应过程中首先与苯酚反应,苯氧基取代乙酸根生成苯氧基钛合物.实验结果表明,苯氧基钛合物作为实际催化剂参与DMC和苯酚的酯交换反应,并且重复使用效果良好.     

碳酸乙烯酯合成碳酸二苯酯的GC-MS分析

以钛酸四丁酯催化碳酸乙烯酯与乙酸苯酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)。GC-MS定性分析表明,反应液中含主产物DPC,中间体2-乙酰氧乙基苯基碳酸酯(1),副产物乙二醇二乙酸酯、乙二醇苯醚乙酸酯和苯酚。1的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,FT-IR和EI-MS确证。     

4—氯苯基环丙基酮肟—O—（3—苯氧基苄基）醚的新合成途径

采用农药厂副产物三乙基－３－苯氧基苄基氧化铵与４－氯苯基环丙基酮肟在碱性的条件下反应合成４－氯苯基环丙基酮肟－Ｏ－（３－苯氧基苄基）醚，产率８０％。     

碳酸二甲酯和苯胺胺解反应产物的液相色谱分析

采用气-质联用仪对碳酸二甲酯和苯胺胺解反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的反应体系的副产物N，N-二甲基苯胺进行定性分析，并提出了该反应体系主、副产物的液相色谱的分析方法，以硝基苯为内标物，实现了苯胺、苯氨基甲酸甲酯、N-甲基苯胺、二苯脲及N，N-二甲基苯胺的定量分析，实验结果表明，在一定浓度下，这5种组分与峰高线性良好，回收率在97．8％～102．7％，相对标准偏差小于2．01％。     

甲基苯基碳酸酯标准品的制备及其定量分析

利用甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)歧化反应的可逆性及逆反应在热力学上有利进行的特点,提出了以碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)和碳酸二苯酯 (DPC)为原料,在TiO2/SiO2催化下合成DMC与苯酚酯交换反应的中间产物MPC的新方法。反应产物经减压精馏、碱洗、水洗、干燥等精制处理,得到了纯度较高的MPC标准品。采用气相色谱-质谱法对所制备的MPC样品进行定性分析,结果表明其中还含有少量的苯酚和DPC杂质。卡尔·费休水分测定结果表明,MPC样品中的含水量为0.26%(质量分数)。使用常规气相色谱仪,采用OV-101毛细管色谱柱,以苯甲酸乙酯为内标物,对自制的MPC标准品中的微量苯酚和DPC进行定量分析,苯酚和DPC的含量分别为2.04%和1.59%（均为质量分数）。根据杂质分析结果可知自制的MPC标准品的纯度为96.11%。以此作为标准品,解决了对DMC与苯酚酯交换反应的中间产物MPC的准确定量问题。     

4－氯苯基环丙基酮肟－O－(3－苯氧基苄基)醚的新合成途径

采用农药厂副产物三乙基-3-苯氧基苄基氯化铵与4-氯苯基环丙基酮肟在碱性的条件下反应合成4-氯苯基环丙基酮厉-O-(3-苯氧基苄基)醚,产率80%。     

乙醇合成丁二烯反应中液相产物的气相色谱分析

进行了用甘油柱和硅油柱串联以分离乙醇合成丁二烯液相产物中的副产物的研究.首先在甘油柱中将样品内大量乙醇和水同其他组分分离,井用反吹法将乙醇和水冲出柱外,其他组分进入硅油柱进一步被分离.通过颜色反应、化学处理和假设组分三种方法,鉴定出副产物中含有乙醛、乙醚、丙酮、戊醛、丁醛和乙酸乙酯等化合物;对前四种物质还进行了定量分析.     

苯酚氧化羰基化反应产物的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法分析了苯酚氧化羰基化反应产物,确定了色谱条件:KromasilTM C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),检测波长254 nm,流动相V(甲醇):V(水)=65:35,流速0.6 mL/min.对碳酸二苯酯(DPC)和苯酚进行了定量分析,DPC和苯酚的外标曲线相关系数分别为0.99966...     

聚碳酸酯的绿色合成工艺研究进展

综述了采用环境友好方法合成聚碳酸酯的工艺,并与光气法进行了对比分析.新方法以二氧化碳为原料,通过系列反应可以依次制得碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二苯酯(DPC),最后得到高纯度、高性能的聚碳酸酯(PC).其中,在得到的碳酸酯系列产品中,EC的收率为98%,选择性为100%;DMC的收率和选择性均可达到99.5%;DPC在出料口流出液中的含量可达92.6%,选择性为98%.     

PdCl2-Mn(Oac)2催化苯酚氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯

碳酸二苯酯（DPC）是重要的有机碳酸酯，它可用于合成许多有机化合物，医药，农药，高分子材料等^[1]，最近日本Ashia公司与意大利Enichem公司联合开发了双酚A与DPC经熔融聚合法制备聚碳酸酯的非光气法新工艺^[2]，使得聚碳酸酯生产工艺朝“绿色化清洁生产”方向取得突破性进展，也使得DPC的合成成为研究的热点，合成DPC的方法有光气法，酯交换法及氧化羰基化法，其中，氧化羰基化法更是引人注目^[1,3]，它是用苯酚与CO，O2反应一步合成DPC的方法，具有工艺简单，原料易得等优点，且避免了使用剧毒的光气，是一条“绿色”的合成路线，但是该法又由于苯酚的不活泼性而遇到巨大挑战^[1]，因此，我们在氧化羰基化法合成碳酸二甲酯的基础上^[4]，进行了氧化羰基化合成DPC的探索性研究，以PdCl2为主催化剂，加入各种氧化还原助催化剂，Bu3NBr和脱水剂（分子筛），催化氧化羰基化苯酚合成了DPC，其中Pd-Mn催化体系的活性最高，在最佳的反应条件下，DPC的产率为7．23％，并且DPC的产率随反应体系总压的增大而增大，当压力为3．5MPa时，DPC产率为10．20％。     

The physical meaning of the corrected retention volume

Summary The true meanings of the so-called corrected retention volume and the specific retention volume are explained in the light of the recent paper by Davankov.     

Sampling device for a simple,fast calibration technique in gas chromatographic trace analysis of gas phases and vapor phases

In order to accommodate continually changing tasks in the [μl/l]–[nl/m³] ranges of gas chromatographic trace analysis of gas phases and vapor phases, a simple and time-saving calibration technique is presented which renders unnecessary conventional test mixtures of the abovementioned concentration ranges. This new method is based on the simulation of such mixtures at the inlet of the GC unit with the aid of commercially available multiway sampling valves of various volumes by means of partial pressure sampling.     

THE GAS TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR IN AROMATIC POLYESTER MEMBRANES

Six aromatic polyesters were prepared for gas separation membranes, and their per-meation properties for hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane weremeasured at 30℃ and 1 atmosphere by low pressure manometric method. The cor-relation between the gas transport behavior and molecular structure of aromatic polyestermembrane is discussed. These data are interpreted qualitatively in terms of the calculatedpacking density, gas-polymer interaction, concentration of aryl bromine on backbone, andeffect of silane group on main chain of polymer.     

Generalized equations to evaluate the gas hold-up time of chromatographic systems

Summary The two approaches used for the calculation of the gas hold-up time and thus, the adjusted retention time are outlined, first for the restricted case when the carbon numbers of the three homologues used for the calculation are evenly spaced (c₃–c₂=c₂–c₁) and then, for the general case when (c₃–c₂) differs from (c₂–c₁). The basic difference in the philosophy of the two approaches is shown.     

Determination of triethanolamine in air samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary Low amounts of triethanolamine, collected in ORBO 53 tubes during air sampling, required the development of a very sensitive method for determination. After desorption and silylation reaction with trimethylsilyl imidazole/trimethyl chlorosilane, the derivative was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Ultra 2 silica capillary column in single ion monitoring mode (retention time: about 6 min). The method has a detection limit of 1–2 pg with a desorption efficiency of about 81%. Linearity of response was ascertained in the ranges 10–100 ng and 100–1000 ng. Short-term method validation was carried out by intra- and inter-day assays on three amounts for each reference calibration curve. All results satisfied the pre-defined acceptance criteria. In general, the whole procedure was easily performed and was appropriate for our needs. Breakthrough volume was appropriate for our needs. Breakthrough volume was determined on authentic samples and was about 40–60 L, using a flow rate of 1 L·min⁻¹. The amounts of triethanolamine found in the samples ranged from 150 to 250 ng (about 2.5–4.2 μg·m⁻³).     

Gas permeability in rubbery polyphosphazene membranes

The synthesis, characterization, and gas permeability of 10 new polyphosphazenes has been studied. Additionally, the first gas permeation data has been collected on hydrolytically unstable poly[bis-(chloro)phosphazene]. Gases used in this study include CO₂, CH₄, O₂, N₂, H₂, and Ar. CO₂ was the most permeable gas through any of the phosphazenes and a direct correlation between the T_g of the polymer and CO₂ transport was noted with permeability increasing with decreasing polymer T_g. To a lesser degree, permeability of all the other gases studied also yielded increases with decreasing polymer T_g. The trend observed for these new polymers was further supported by published data for other phosphazenes. Furthermore, permeability data for all gases were found to correlate to the gas condensability and the gas critical pressures, except for hydrogen, suggesting that the nature of the gas is also a significant factor for permeation through rubbery phosphazene membranes. Ideal separation factors () for the CO₂/H₂ and CO₂/CH₄ gas pairs were calculated. For CO₂/CH₄, no increase in was observed with decreasing T_g, however increases in were noted for the CO₂/H₂ pair.