大学化学实验ATDE创造性思维教学模式探索与实践

在大学化学实验教学中应用ATDE创造性思维教学模式,通过问、想、做、评四步训练,不仅有利于培养学生自主学习能力和创造性思维能力,而且实现了知识与兴趣的结合,可取得理想的教学与育人效果。简要介绍了ATDE教学模式的含义,并与传统实验教学模式进行了比较,具体介绍在大化学实验教学中运用ATDE创新教学模式的实施策略。     

知识可视化在无机化学教学中的应用研究

知识可视化是一种有效促进知识学习、整理、创造和传播的技术。通过在无机化学教学中构建基于自我生成绘图策略和图形组织者策略的教学设计,将教学内容和教学方法与可视化表征高度融合,在实现显性知识高效传授的同时,能够培养学生思维能力和实现课程思政的有机融入。教学实践表明,知识视觉化呈现能够促进学生积极主动参与到教学过程中,激发学生积极思考,为学生创新能力和创造性思维的培养打下良好的基础。     

三全育人背景下的多维度大学化学实验课程思政建设

针对大学化学实验课程的特点,从课程教学目标设计、实验教学活动设计和课程教学成果评价三个方面,探索教学过程中专业知识与思政元素的结合点。分别从培养学生的爱国情怀、科学素养、创新意识、职业素养、社会责任感、辩证思维和绿色发展理念等多个维度介绍在大学化学实验教学过程中实施思政教育的具体措施。利用好课堂教学的主渠道,将知识探究、能力建设和价值塑造三者融为一体,推进全员全程全方位育人的重要实践,培养学生成为德智体美劳全面发展的新时代社会主义建设者和接班人。     

基于雨课堂和BOPPPS改进模型的教学设计——以大学化学课程为例

在高等学校专业课程教学中融入思政教育教学的理念,是以"立德树人"为教育根本任务的基本要求。结合结构化学课程特点和教学内容,以"培养学生的哲学观和科学观、培养学生民族自豪感和自信心"的目标为切入点,提出结构化学教学中思政元素的融入策略,发挥结构化学课程的"育德功能",实现知识传授和价值引领的有机统一。     

基于“三全育人”理念的大学化学课程思政案例构建与实践

对部分大学化学课程的教学理念和教学内容进行改革和探索。通过知识传授与价值引领双轨并行,构建了以大学化学知识为主体,以提升大学生的家国人文情怀、科学文化素养、科学思维方法为主导的大学化学课程的思政教学体系。通过与课程知识的有机结合,开展爱国主义、哲学辩证思想、认识发展观、科学素养、品格意志力、社会规则秩序和安全意识等七个育人思想,对大学化学课程思政的设计理念、具体案例和实施方法进行介绍。     

高分子化学课程教学中的辩证思维

高分子化学是高分子学科重要的基础课程,在课程教学过程中培养学生的辩证思维能力,使学生学会用对立统一和发展变化的眼光看待问题,对提高学生的科研和技术开发能力至关重要。教师在授课过程中应运用辩证思维的方法,深入发掘课程内容中的思想精髓,同时充分利用文献资源中体现出来的思想方法,与课程内容广泛联系,引导学生进行深入讨论,使学生养成从不同角度全面深入思考问题的习惯,提高发现问题和解决问题的能力,逐步形成科学思维能力。     

医学专业大学化学实验SPOC式翻转课堂教学实践

为了提升医学专业的大学化学实验课翻转课堂的教学效果,将SPOC在线学习活动与翻转课堂的过程设计结合,从课程目标与内容设计、教学策略设计、学习活动设计与教学评价设计等4个部分搭建了教学模式结构框架。在具体教学实验项目中,细化了知识传授、内化、拓展3个阶段的教学活动程序。该模式打破了实验课时间空间的壁垒,教学设计上突出了化学与医药学关联的情境创设,学习活动丰富有序,可操作性强。结果表明,采用SPOC式翻转课堂教学有利于激发学生的参与热情,促进思维能力的发展、动手操作能力的提高,对教学效果的提升作用显著。     

无机化学课程中6s2惰性电子对效应教学实践与体会

在无机化学6s~2惰性电子对效应教学过程中,提出"理论性、直观性和规律性"教学三原则,使学生在较为轻松的氛围中理解和掌握该概念,成功化解了教学过程中知识点分散、学习难度大与学生理解力间存在的差距。同时,培养了学生综合归纳和发现问题、解决问题的能力,使大一新生感受到大学化学知识的系统性,对解决问题方法的学习及能力培养的重要性。     

非化学专业有机化学实验教学中对学生科研思维的培养

研究型大学对学生科研思维的培养至关重要,有机化学实验作为近化学专业类学生重要的基础实验课程,对学生操作技能、创新能力和科研思维培养有重要作用。本文以非化学专业本科生有机化学实验"大学化学实验(O)"的教学实践为例,从学生学习方式、教师教学方法、实验教学内容设置等方面阐述如何在教学过程中完成对学生科研思维的培养。     

非化学化工专业《大学化学》课程教学改革研究

根据非化学化工专业特点,对"大学化学"课程进行了相应的教学改革。通过将大学化学课程内容与中学化学课程内容衔接、与专业应用相结合以及绪论课的教学改革,在有限学时内构建与专业应用紧密联系的"大学化学"知识体系,让学生明确学习化学知识的重要作用及意义,从而提高教学质量和人才培养质量。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。