固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测禽畜粪便中多种抗生素残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱(SPE-UPLC/MS/MS)同时测定禽畜粪便中6种磺胺类(SAs)、4种四环素类(TCs)、3种氟喹诺酮类(FQs)、3种大环内酯类(MACs)以及1种硝基呋喃类(NFs)抗生素残留的方法。样品分别由McIlvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液和有机混合提取液逐次超声提取,合并提取液,以正己烷去脂,过SAX-HLB固相萃取系统富集净化,经氮吹、定容后,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸-水溶液为流动相进行UPLC/MS分离检测,内标法定量。在0.1～1000μg/kg(Dry weight)浓度范围内,所有目标物标准曲线R2均大于0.99,样品加标回收率在42.3%～79.6%之间,相对标准偏差为1.4%～5.4%。方法检出限为0.1～2.0μg/kg,定量下限为0.3～6.6μg/kg。应用本方法检测华北地区多个禽畜养殖基地粪便样品32份,所有抗生素均有不同程度的检出,最高检出浓度为金霉素125μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鸡粪中16种残留抗生素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测畜禽粪便中四环素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类16种抗生素的分析方法.针对目标物化学性质和样品杂质情况,对质谱条件、提取液种类、超声功率等参数进行了优化.最终以50%乙腈(V/V)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=4)提取3次,经过超声、离心、旋蒸、稀释后,SAX-HLB串联小柱净化富集,用10 mL甲醇-丙酮混合液(80∶20,V/V)洗脱,35℃氮吹近干后,用含0.1%甲酸-甲醇(1∶1, V/V)定容,在UPLC-MS/MS多反应检测模式下进行定性及定量分析.结果表明,粪便中四环素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗生素的平均加标回收率为56.4%~94.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.6%~19.8%之间,方法检出限(LOD, S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)分别为0.01~2.50 μg/ kg和0.05~7.90 μg/kg.本方法简便、稳定性好、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于畜禽粪便中多种抗生素的同时检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测畜禽粪便中14种兽药抗生素

研究并优化了同时分析畜禽粪便中14种抗生素(四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类)的加速溶剂萃取参数、固相富集净化程序、以及高效液相色谱分离和检测条件。结果表明,以1%乙酸(pH 2.6)作为流动相,在270 nm的检测波长下,14种抗生素能达到基线分离。3倍信噪比下,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的检出限分别为35～90μg/kg,12～28μg/kg,9～17μg/kg及19μg/kg。加标浓度在1和10μg/g时,畜禽粪便样品经过50%甲醇的柠檬酸盐缓冲溶液提取,HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的回收率分别达到了58%～75%和66%～83%,74%～93%和91%～101%,74%～80%和80%～88%,85%和68%,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%～10.7%和7.8%～13.6,2.6%～10.2%和4.4%～13.2%,6.1%～12.5%和8.3%～14.6%,10.6%和12.3%。采用此方法对辽宁省部分规模化养殖场的猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪样品进行了检测。4类抗生素都有检出,浓度范围分别为0.75～22.34 mg/kg,0.10～1.71 mg/kg,0.38～4.46 mg/kg和0.23～0.35 mg/kg。     

UPLC-MS/MS对鳗鱼中26种喹诺酮类及磺胺类抗生素药物残留的快速测定

建立了快速测定鳗鱼中喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素药物残留量的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法.采用乙腈-二氯甲烷混合溶剂提取样品中的残留物,经固相萃取小柱净化,以液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,外标法定量.该法对喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物的线性范围为0 ～50 μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.990;在2.0、5.0、10、20 μg/kg 4个添加水平范围内的回收率为63% ～95%;相对标准偏差为1.0% ～10.0%.适用于鳗鱼中喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物残留的定量测定.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱筛查确证尿液中磺胺、喹诺酮与四环素抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定尿液中磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类共45种抗生素的检测方法。尿液样品经提取后，采用HLB固相萃取柱（200 mg/6 mL）净化，使用ThermoAccucore RP-MS(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离，以乙腈-0.02%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。在正离子扫描模式下（ESI+），以选择反应监测模式（SRM）检测，外标法定量。45种目标化合物在3个加标水平（2.0、5.0、10.0μg/L）下的回收率为78.6%～114%，相对标准偏差为0.60%～18%；方法的检出限为0.1～0.5μg/L，定量下限为0.3～1μg/L。将所建方法用于280个尿液样品中抗生素的检测，均未检测到抗生素残留。所建方法的精密度和准确度高，操作简单便捷，为尿液中抗生素残留的筛查提供了方法支持。     

快速高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中5类33种药物残留

建立了快速高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(RRLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂和三苯甲烷类共5大类33种药物残留的方法。样品用Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲溶液及乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂后,用RRLC进行分离。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以动态多反应监测(Dynamic MRM)方式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。33种药物在相应的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99;在3个不同浓度添加水平下,平均回收率为63.6%～115.2%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%～14.6%;检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.1～2.0μg/kg和0.5～5.0μg/kg。本方法简便快速、灵敏可靠,适用于水产品中药物多残留的同时快速定性与定量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定水和土壤中磺胺类抗生素

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定水和土壤中5种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法。水样过滤后采用HLB固相萃取柱净化、富集;土样采用甲醇/EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液提取,LC-SAX和LC-18串联固相萃取小柱净化富集;采用高效液相色谱,以乙腈和0.01mol/LH3PH4作为流动相,于270nm波长处对样品进行检测。5种抗生素在水和土壤中的检出限分别为0.94～13.2ng/L和0.24～3.3μg/kg;加标回收率分别为81.0～105.5%和72.6%～85.3%。采集了不同菜地土壤和污水处理厂水样,用上述方法进行了检测,表明本方法对环境样品中磺胺类抗生素的检测是可行的,污水厂进水和菜地土壤中磺胺类抗生素总浓度分别为2.26～12.12ng/L和53.68～155.24μg/kg。     

固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定水中19种抗生素

应用固相萃取(SPE)及液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,建立了水中痕量(ng/L)四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类5类共19种抗生素的同时定量检测方法。水样通过HLB萃取小柱富集后,以C18反相色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,采用LC-MS/MS进行定量分析。选择电喷雾正电离源(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM),内标法定量。19种抗生素在0.5~1 000μg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,方法的定量下限(S/N=10,1 000倍浓缩)为0.1~0.5 ng/L。以纯水和河水(黄浦江水)作为基底,13C-咖啡因为内标物,加标质量浓度为20、100 ng/L时,抗生素的平均加标回收率分别为75%~125%和77%~132%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.7%~6.9%和0.9%~6.5%,表明所建立的测试方法准确可靠。研究结果表明,黄浦江水受到了抗生素污染,共检出15种抗生素,检出的四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类及β-内酰胺类抗生素污染质量浓度分别为13.0~56.9、12.2~103.4、53.8~84.8、3.1~26.2、16.5~181.6 ng/L。     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定水环境中4大类15种抗生素EI北大核心CSCD

建立了应用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水环境中包括磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类在内的4大类15种抗生素的方法。采集的水样中加入同位素替代物后通过HLB固相萃取柱进行富集浓缩,UPLC-MS/MS进行测定,并采用内标法定量。结果表明,15种抗生素在0.5~50μg/L线性范围内检出限为0.04~0.09 ng/L,定量限为0.16~0.36 ng/L,样品加标回收率为59.5%~102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于12%。该方法适用于水环境中痕量残留的抗生素检测。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-质谱法筛查及检测养鱼河水中抗生素

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测养鱼河水中4类(喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、四环素类以及磺胺类)15种抗生素的分析方法。取500 m L水样过滤,用盐酸调至p H4.0,加入0.5 g乙二胺四乙酸二钠(Na2EDTA)混匀后,再用HLB固相萃取柱对水样进行富集。利用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)结合基于UNIFI软件的常用抗生素数据库对养鱼河水中可能存在的抗生素进行快速筛查,筛查结果主要为喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、四环素类、磺胺类4类15种抗生素。为了提高检测结果的准确性,使用UPLC-MS/MS采用分时段多反应监测离子模式(MRM)分析样品中的抗生素,并用外标法定量。15种抗生素的空白基质加标回收率为61.0%~98.4%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为4.6%~14.0%,其线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.990,检出限为0.01~0.3 ng/L。该方法灵敏度较高,重复性好,可用于对北京养鱼河水中抗生素的检测。     

Optimization of Soxtec Extraction for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Mussel and Comparison with Soxhlet Extraction,Accelerated Solvent Extraction,and Microwave Assisted Extraction

An on-line Soxtec extraction and cleanup method is optimized for PCBs determination in mussel samples. Soxtec extraction conditions have been optimized using two factorial designs. Optimized extraction parameters were sample weight, anhydrous sodium sulfate weight, solvent volume, alumina weight, and boiling and rinsing times. The results suggest that all PCBs congeners extracted by Soxtec appeared statistically affected by solvent volume. Soxtec quantitative recoveries (8– ?115%) were achieved for all PCBs and method precision (RSD <12%) was satisfactory. The optimized method is compared with three different applied extraction methods, Soxhlet, accelerated solvent extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. This latter presents the cleanup step on column or assisted by polypropylene membranes. The extraction effectiveness of the four different applied extraction methods for the determination of PCBs in mussel was similar.     

微波辅助萃取与超声波萃取丹参中丹酚酸B的比较研究

本文对微波辅助萃取和超声波萃取丹参中丹酚酸B进行了比较研究,并用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了丹参中丹酚酸B.考察了微波辅助萃取和超声波萃取参数的影响,在各自最佳萃取条件下进行了丹参中的丹酚酸B提取率的比对,结果表明:微波辅助萃取6 min的提取率高于超声波萃取30 min的提取率.微波辅助萃取法与超声波萃取法相比具有省时、高效和溶剂用量少的特点.利用指纹图谱比较了两种萃取方式提取的化学成分的差异,结果显示两种萃取方法提取的主要成分组成基本相同,其共有成分比例相近.     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物为萃取介质搅拌饼固相萃取的制备及其萃取性能研究

以双酚A为模板,4-乙烯基吡啶为单体,利用整体材料"原位"聚合技术制备分子印迹聚合物为基质的萃取饼,并与利用一次性注射器空管加工而成的萃取器相结合,建立了分子印迹搅拌饼固相萃取(MIP-SCSE)技术。考察了制备条件对MIP-SCSE选择吸附性能的影响。在此基础上,与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用,探讨MIP-SCSE对环境水样中双酚A及其它酚类物质的选择萃取性能,考察萃取过程中基底离子强度、pH值以及吸附与解吸时间等萃取条件对萃取性能的影响。结果表明;在最佳萃取条件下,MIP-SCSE对模板分子及其它酚类物质具有一定选择性能和较高的富集能力,对双酚A的线性范围为1.0～200μg/L;检出限LOD(S/N=3)为0.67μg/L;定量限LOQ(S/N=10)为2.24μg/L。在实际水样分析中,模板分子加标回收率为86.2%～112.2%。在MIP-SCSE使用过程中,萃取饼不与容器壁接触,因此具有优良的使用寿命,至少可连续使用600 h。     

Liquid-liquid Extraction System Based on Non-ionic Surfactant-salt-H_2O and Mechanism of Drug Extraction

The utilization of solid-liquid extraction system based on polymer-(NH4)2SO4 -H2O on separation of metal ions and bio-active substances has been summarized1. Cloud point extraction (CPE) benefits the environment and has been used in separation of metal chelates, biomacromolecules and in pretreatment of environmental samples2-4. In a 10 mL color comparison tube 20% PEG-1000 and 2.5 g (NH4)2SO4 were chosen as phase separation condition at pH 5.5. The average extraction efficiencies we…     

Extraction of copper with p-tert-butyl-calixarenes

The extraction of copper with calixarenes was researched by comparing the results from calix[4]-,calix[6]-and calix[8]-arenes.Hie extraction ability increased as the order:calix [4]-> calix[8]-> calix[6]-arenes,with the binding ratio being 1:1.The extraction mechanism was also discussed,and itsequation Cu(NH3)42 H2L(0)Cu(NH3)4L(0) 2H and the extraction equilibrium constants(Ker)for calix[6]-and calix[8]-arenes were obtained respectively.     

Microwave-assisted Extraction of Rutin and Quercetin from Flos Sophorae

Three microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) procedures were studied. The first procedure was household microwave oven dynamic extraction(HMODE). The second procedure was special microwave oven bath extraction (SMOBE). The third procedure was microwave resonant cavity dynamic extraction (MRCDE). The results obtained by the three microwave-assisted extraction procedures were compared with those obtained by using traditional Soxhlet extraction. The results indicate that the MAE not only took a shorter time, but also simplified the procedure, and made the extraction a higher yield. At the same time the results obtained by the three MAE procedures were also compared with each other.     

Extraction and determination of hexavalent chromium in soil samples

A procedure for the extraction of Cr(VI) from solid soil-like samples was presented in which the complexing properties of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were exploited to extract insoluble compounds of Cr(VI). A concentration of DTPA in an ammonium sulphate/ammonium hydroxide buffer equal to 0.02 mol l⁻¹ was chosen. The conditions of extraction of insoluble Cr(VI) from solid samples were optimised using soil certified reference material spiked with known concentration of insoluble Cr(VI) added as PbCrO₄. The extracts were analysed by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Validation of the proposed procedure of extraction was carried out by analysis of certified reference material (CRM) 545 and comparison of the results obtained using the proposed and other methods of extraction in the course of analysis of natural soil samples.     

有机磷酸混合萃取体系的界面化学及动力学控制机制研究

研究了D2EHPA(二(2-乙基己基)磷酸)-M_1PA、M_2PA(长碳链单烷基磷酸酯)-Al~(3+)和D2EHPA-MEHPA(单(2-乙基己基)磷酸)-Al~(3+)混合萃取体系的界面化学和动力学。结果表明,混合体系界面活性下降,D2EHPA-M_1PA萃取Al~(3+)的过程为扩散和化学反应共同控制机制。     

Extraction with long-chain amines-VIII Extraction of the chromium-DCTA complex and its colorimetric determination

Chromium(III) is extracted as the DCTA complex by ion-association with trioctylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336-S), into chloroform, and stripped into 1M potassium nitrate for spectrophotometric measurement at 540 nm. Iron(III) copper(II) are removed beforehand by extraction whith phenylacetic acid. High concentrations of nickel or cobalt prevent complete extraction.     

Extraction of Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates from River Sediments: Comparison of Different Extraction Techniques

Summary Five different extraction techniques (Soxhlet, automated Randall, accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted solvent extraction and extraction with a surfactant solution) have been evaluated for the determination of nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) in river sediments. All the techniques were applied to the same three samples collected from northern Italian rivers. The analyses were performed with two RP columns, with different stationary reversed phases—a classical C₁₈ phase and a hexyl–phenyl phase. The recoveries and reproducibility of the different extraction techniques were comparable and all the methods gave reliable results. The variance of the results was dominated by the variance in sample homogeneity, sample preparation, and chromatographic analysis. A choice between the methods can be made on the basis of the cost and safety of each technique. Preliminary results obtained from use of a water-based extraction method with a surfactant solution (Tween-80), and its application to analysis of sediment and of worm tissue, are also presented.Presented at: Chemical Analysis and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Barcelona, Spain, November 28–30, 2002