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1.
利用电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈纳米纤维无纺布,然后在水溶液原位偕胺肟化得到偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈纳米纤维,该纳米纤维可用于吸附再生含金属离子废水.采用氯化铜溶液模拟含金属离子废水,探讨不同肟化率的偕胺肟化纳米纤维对铜离子的吸附效果;发现肟化率78.8%的偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力最好,利用Langmuir吸附方程得到最大吸附值为56.5 mg/g,同时吸附后可将含铜废水浓度从100 mg/L降至13μg/L,远远低于国标GB8978-1996规定的铜排放的一级标准(总铜浓度<0.5 mg/L).吸附铜离子的纳米纤维在1 mol/L稀硝酸中,100 min后铜离子的解吸附率超过98%.经4次吸附-解吸附循环后,偕胺肟化纳米纤维的吸附能力仍能达到首次吸附最大吸附值的50%以上,表明偕胺肟化纳米纤维具有一定的循环再生能力.  相似文献   

2.
范银苹  李杉  樊柳荫  曹成喜 《色谱》2012,30(8):827-831
建立了一种可视化的、利用移动中和界面离线富集-毛细管电泳检测电镀水中痕量重金属离子的新方法。在该富集系统中,阳极电解液为2.1 mmol/L HCl-98 mmol/L KCl-痕量重金属离子,阴极电解液为4.0 mmol/L NaOH-96 mmol/L KCl,界面向阴极移动,分离电压为180 V,阴极电解液和阳极电解液的流速均为1 mL/min。富集后凝胶中的金属离子浓度用毛细管电泳检测,标准曲线在实验浓度范围内均有良好的线性关系(r≥0.9985),预富集倍数达80~150倍,Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Ni(II)、Mg(II)、Ca(II)、Cr(III)和Fe(III)的检出限分别为0.163、0.256、0.077、0.153、0.203、0.062和0.142 mg/L,均明显低于国家规定标准;日内和日间精密度均小于7.42%。所建方法已成功用于实际电镀废水样品中痕量重金属离子的富集和检测。  相似文献   

3.
树脂吸附法处理高浓度DSD酸氧化工序生产废水的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
本文采用大孔吸附树脂固定床工艺处理DSD酸氧化工序生产废水。实验结果表明,ND804大孔吸附树脂对该废水具有良好的吸附-脱附效果,废水经ND804树脂吸附处理后,CODCr由14790mg/L降至1300mg/L左右,COD去除率约为91%,并可回收纯度达80%的DNS酸,废水在得到有效治理的同时实现了废物的资源化。  相似文献   

4.
建立了香蕉皮快速、高效对重金属离子铅吸附性能的方法。采用分光光度法测定重金属离子铅的浓度,分别研究了7种不同形态的吸附剂对废水中重金属离子铅的吸附性能。在优化的实验条件下,重金属离子铅浓度与吸光度的线性相关系数R=0.999 83,且方法相对标准偏差(RSD)低于3%。结果表明,香蕉皮对废水中的重金属离子铅有良好的吸附效果,吸附率达到91.3%。利用香蕉皮去除废水中的重金属离子,可以变废为宝,且方法吸附率高、准确可靠、精密度高,可用于吸附废水中重金属离子铅。  相似文献   

5.
以NaOH和二硫化碳对甘蔗渣进行了改性,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)对改性蔗髓纤维(MSCB)进行表征并研究了MSCB去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的性能。结果表明,MSCB吸附重金属离子的平衡时间为30~60 min,处理含Cr(Ⅵ)浓度在10~40 mg/L范围内的废水去除率达97%以上,比改性前蔗髓纤维(SCB)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率(23.7%)提高了74.35%。对含Ni~(2+)浓度30~60 mg/L的废水去除率达98%以上,吸附容量达59.12 mg/g、对Cu~(2+)浓度在20~55 mg/L废水的去除率在90%以上,吸附容量达49.9 mg/g。对电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)处理率达96.69%,吸附量8.16mg/g,出水浓度0.93 mg/L;Ni~(2+)去除率达99.13%,吸附量51.89 mg/g,出水浓度1.06 mg/L,水质澄清。  相似文献   

6.
建立了测定虾中呋喃唑酮残留量的高效毛细管电泳-安培法.探讨了缓冲溶液浓度、酸碱度及其操作电压,进样时间,有机添加剂等条件对检测的影响.在硼砂-氢氧化钠(硼砂浓度为30mmol/L, pH:9.0)为电泳介质,甲醇为有机添加剂,在25kV分离高压的实验条件下:方法的线性范围为0.5~100mg/L,相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为0.01mg/L.  相似文献   

7.
沸石是一种经济、高效和环境友好的材料,具有吸附、离子交换与催化性能,可作为一种水处理材料用于控制环境污染。本论文探讨了利用盐改性沸石处理低浓度含Cu2+模拟废水的主要影响因素,包括处理时间、改性沸石用量、p H值、废水浓度和处理温度。实验结果表明,用2mol/L Na Cl改性的沸石1.2g处理100.0m L Cu2+质量浓度为10.44mg/L的模拟废水50min,最高去除率达到96.84%,Cu2+剩余浓度为0.33mg/L,处理效果达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。  相似文献   

8.
阻燃剂废水的处理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阻燃剂生产过程中产生大量的工业废水,通过对比处理实验研究表明:电解Fenton法是处理阻燃剂生产中产生的高浓度有机废水(CODCr=17108mg/L)的有效方法,它既利用了电氧化、电气浮作用,又利用了Fenton试剂的强氧化作用和化学絮凝作用。其处理废水的条件实验结果表明:pH:2.0~2.6;电流密度10.8~14.3A/dm^2;H2O2初始浓度27~42mmol/L;FeSO4初始质量浓度660~990mg/L;电解5h。CODCr去除率达98.34%,色度去除率达74.19%。色质联用分析显示废水处理后的降解产物是无毒害的醋酸。  相似文献   

9.
间接电解氧化法制备环己酮   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘峥  李亚敏 《合成化学》2002,10(2):140-145
提出了一种合成环己酮的新方法--间接电氧化合成法。在无隔膜装置中用Pb/PbO2作阳极,Pt作阴极将Cr^3 氧化成Cr2O7^2-,然后以Cr2O7^2-为氧化剂对环己醇进行氧化而获得环己酮,还原所得Cr^3 循环利用。电解的优选条件为:电解液浓度C(H2SO4)=3.0mol/L-4.0mol/L,C(Cr^3 )=0.3mol/L-0.45mol/L,温度t=55℃-65℃,电流密度约643A/m^2。此时Cr^3 的转化率为70%左右,电流效率可达72%。  相似文献   

10.
研究了自合成的蛇笼型螯合树脂三乙烯四胺交联甘油环氧树脂/羧甲基纤维素体系对Ag^ 、Cr^3 、Hg^2+的吸附量,吸附动力学,等温吸附过程等静态吸附性能,同时研究了PH值等因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,该树脂对Ag^ 、Cr^3 具有较强的吸附选择性,在Ag^ 、Cr^3 、Hg^2+3种离子共存时能选择吸附Ag^ ,其选择性系数分别为KAg/Hg^2 =10.31、KAg^ /Cr^3 =1.77,KCr^3 /Hg^2 =5.83。该树脂对上述3种离子的吸附量分别达2.99mmol/g、1.69mmol/g、0.29mmol/g,该类树树可用于含重金属离子污水的处理和金属离子的分离等方面。  相似文献   

11.
Cr(VI) is a major water pollutant from industrial effluent whose concentration is to be reduced within the permissible limit. Present study reports a systematic evaluation of six different natural adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions in batch process. The adsorption kinetic data were best described by pseudo-second order model. The values of mass transfer coefficient for Cr(VI) adsorption indicated that the velocity of the adsorbate transport from the bulk to the solid phase was quite fast. The effective diffusivity of Cr(VI) removal for all the adsorbents were of the order of 10(-10) m(2)/s which suggested chemisorption of the process. The adsorption process was jointly controlled by film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities onto the natural adsorbents used were comparable to the other natural adsorbents used by other researchers. The thermodynamic studies and sorption energy calculation using Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model indicated that the adsorption processes were endothermic and chemical in nature. FT-IR studies were carried out to understand the type of functional groups responsible for Cr(VI) binding process. Desorption study was carried out with different concentration of NaOH solutions. Application study was carried out using electroplating industrial wastewater.  相似文献   

12.
《中国化学快报》2023,34(1):107180
Heavy metals usually exist stably as the species of organic complexes in high-salinity wastewater. Therefore, their effective removal is challenging, especially when the initial pH is neutral. Herein, a novel nitrogen doped biomass-based composite (N-CMCS) was synthesized to remove the complexed heavy metal of Cr(III)-carboxyl. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(III)-Citrate (Cr-Cit) by N-CMCS under neutral pH (7.0) and high-salinity (200 mmol/L NaCl) condition was up to 2.50 mmol/g. And the removal performance remained stable after 6 times of regeneration. Combined with species and characterizations analysis, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding were the main mechanisms for N-CMCS to remove Cr(III)-carboxyl complexes. Dynamic adsorption indicated N-CMCS column could treat about 1300 BV simulated wastewater and 350 BV actual wastewater with the concentration of effluent lower than 1.0 mg/L. Furthermore, N-CMCS could remove a variety of complexed heavy metal ions under neutral pH, indicating the great potential in practical application.  相似文献   

13.
Water-insoluble bagasse xanthates were prepared by xanthation of alkalified celluloses by treating bagasse with chromium hydroxide reaction effluent.The removel of nickel from both test solutions and electroplating industrial wastewater samples with BX was investigated.The process was studied taking into account such parameters as pH of water,precipitation time,xanthate dosage and storage time of BX.These products wrer found to be highly efficient in removing nickel.The residual concentration of nickel after treatment can be reduced to a value of the ordor of 0.01mg&#183;l^-1.  相似文献   

14.
A study was undertaken to determined if a suitable biosorbent could be found for removal of nickel at low concentrations (< 20 parts per million [ppm]) from a chemically complex wastewater effluent generated by electroplating operations. Algae and cyanobacteria were chosen as candidate biosorbent materials because they are easy to grow and they have the ability to withstand processing into biosorbent materials. Several species were screened for nickel-biosorption capacity initially, and three species of cyanobacteria were selected for further study based on their performance in the scoping tests. When compared to live controls, autoclaving improved the binding capacities of all three species, but usually biosorption data from experiments with live cells were more consistent. None of the three species was able to bind nickel efficiently in actual effluent samples. Further experimentation indicated that sodium ions, which were present in high concentrations in the effluent, were interfering with the ability of the cells to bind nickel. Adsorption isotherm plots for biosorption of nickel by two species ofAnabaena in NiCl2-deionized water solutions were prepared. Managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., for the US Department of Energy under contract No. DEAC05-84OR21400.  相似文献   

15.
The bacterial reduction of Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater was evaluated using a 2.0-m3 bioreactor. Liquid pineapple waste was used as a nutrient for the biofilm community formed inside the bioreactor. The use of rubber wood sawdust as packing material was able to immobilize more than 106?CFU?mL?1 of Acinetobacter haemolyticus cells after 3?days of contact time. Complete reduction of 15?C240?mg?L?1 of Cr(VI) was achieved even after 3?months of bioreactor operation. Cr(VI) was not detected in the final effluent fraction indicating complete removal of Cr from solution from the flocculation/coagulation step and the unlikely re-oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI). Impatiens balsamina L. and Gomphrena globosa L. showed better growth in the presence of soil?Csludge mixture compared to Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. Significant amounts of Cr accumulated at different sections of the plants indicate its potential application in Cr phytoremediation effort. The bacterial-based system was also determined not to be detrimental to human health based on the low levels of Cr detected in the hair and nail samples of the plant operators. Thus, it can be said that bacterial-based Cr(VI) treatment system is a feasible alternative to the conventional system especially for lower Cr(VI) concentrations, where sludge generated can be used as growth supplement for ornamental plant as well as not detrimental to the health of the workers.  相似文献   

16.
微乳相萃取分离富集-原子吸收光谱法分析铬形态   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了一种微乳相萃取分离-石英双缝管原子捕集火焰原子吸收光谱法(STAT-FAAS)分析环境水样中铬形态的新方法。该方法中,Cr(Ⅲ)与8-羟基喹啉反应形成的疏水性配合物,经萃取进入微乳相,Cr(Ⅵ)留在水溶液中,从而实现Cr(Ⅲ)与Cr(Ⅵ)的相互分离。Cr(Ⅵ)含量的测定通过过氧化氢溶液将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ),按同样方法分析。实验对微乳相萃取的主要影响因素进行了优化。结果表明,经优化后实验条件为:平衡温度80℃,平衡时间10min,溶液酸度pH=9.0,NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液用量2.0mL,8-HQ用量0.05mmol;TritonX-100微乳液组成:m(TritonX-100):m(正戊醇):m(正己烷):m(水)=3.0:15:1.5:4.0。在此条件下,萃取的富集倍数达到25倍(50mL起初样品溶液/2mL最终测定液),线性范围为2.5~500μg/L,检出限为0.62μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%(n=10,c=10μg/L)。本方法已成功地应用于电镀废水中铬形态分析。  相似文献   

17.
Removal of heavy metal cations from synthetic and industrial electroplating effluents by means of mesoporous lanthanum tungstate sorbents was thoroughly investigated. Three types of such sorbents, namely I‐LT, II‐LT and III‐LT, uncalcined and calcined, were produced and characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption isotherms and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Results of the experiments for chromium, copper, mercury, iron and lead removal from both synthetic and real industrial wastewater solutions, using these novel sorbents, exhibit promising. Details of this new approach towards wastewater treatment have been discussed and the potentials of technological advancement using mesoporous lanthanum tungstate for environmental purposes addressed. Comparison with the literature shows superiority of the produced adsorbents over reported products.  相似文献   

18.
1. INTRODUCTION The chemical name of sorbic acid is 2,4-hexadienoic acid. Toxicity of sorbic acid is less than any other preservative, which is internationally acknowledged. Sorbic acid can participate in mans metabolism and can be easily oxidized, then …  相似文献   

19.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(7):1447-1457
ABSTRACT

A laboratory incubation procedure followed by gas chromatographic detection was used to measure phosphine production potential in representative wastewater and sewage sludge sources. Phosphine production potential was determined by measuring the rate of phosphine formation in samples incubated under laboratory conditions over a seven day period when both electron donors and the targeted electron acceptor were not limiting factors. Results of our experiments showed that except the primary effluent and secondary effluent wastewater samples all other samples studied (influent wastewater, various type of sludge and sediment sources) produced phosphine. The minimum phosphine production potential value (0.39 pg/ml wastewater/day) was measured in composite influent wastewater samples while the maximum (268 pg/g wet sludge/day) was measured in sediment samples collected from an open-air sewage treatment plant.  相似文献   

20.
实验比较了Na_2CO_3/Na OH、Na OH和NH4OH沉淀法制备的镁铝层状化合物对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果,并通过X射线衍射和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)方法分析了材料的结构特征。结果表明,以Na_2CO_3/Na OH为沉淀剂制备的镁铝层状化合物结晶度高、层状结构完整、比表面积较大、孔径适宜、吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的效果最佳,其优化吸附工艺为:固液比为1 g/500 m L,体系pH值为7~9,室温下震荡9 h。在最佳吸附条件下,镁铝层状化合物对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附量达到199.4 mg/g。镁铝层状化合物通过与含铬阴离子形成层状超分子化合物的方式实现了废水中铬的去除,对含Cr(Ⅵ)226.1 mg/L的实验室废水经6次工艺处理后,残余量小于0.5 mg/L,低于国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)指标。镁铝层状化合物是一种处理实验室废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的优良吸附剂。  相似文献   

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