助剂对Ni基催化剂结构及甲烷化性能的影响

本文采用等体积浸渍制备了掺杂不同金属助剂改性的Ni基催化剂,考察了其催化浆态床CO甲烷化的性能。通过XRD、H2-TPR、HR-TEM等表征对催化剂进行了分析,结果表明,掺杂Zr、Co、Ce、Zn、La助剂促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减小了Ni的晶粒尺寸,降低了催化剂的还原温度;掺杂Mg助剂则导致催化剂的还原温度升高。浆态床活性评价结果表明,掺杂Zr、Co、Ce、Zn、La助剂提高了催化剂的甲烷化性能,其中以La助剂的效果最明显,通过对La负载量进一步优化后发现,当La负载量为8%时,催化剂的甲烷化催化性能最优,CO转化率、CH4选择性和时空收率分别达到96.3%、87.1%和179.6 g·kg-1·h-1;掺杂Mg助剂则降低了催化剂的甲烷化活性。     

稀土等碱性助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

制备了整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3和添加稀土等碱性助剂的整体式Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂. 研究了温度、烷氧比、空速和助剂等因素对甲烷部分氧化反应性能的影响,并利用XRD和TPR对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,催化剂活性随着温度的升高而增加;CH4转化率随着烷氧比的增加而降低;当空速为1×105 h-1时,整体式催化剂的催化性能最佳. 添加碱性助剂Ce,La,Na,Sr均有利于改善催化剂的还原性能,提高催化剂的活性. 其中添加稀土Ce,La可使副反应CH4+2 O2→CO2+2H2O 完全被抑制,从而使H2选择性达到100%.     

助剂对Ni基催化剂结构及甲烷化性能的影响

本文采用等体积浸渍制备了掺杂不同金属助剂改性的Ni基催化剂,考察了其催化浆态床CO甲烷化的性能。通过XRD、H₂-TPR、HR-TEM等表征对催化剂进行了分析,结果表明,掺杂Zr、Co、Ce、Zn、La助剂促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减小了Ni的晶粒尺寸,降低了催化剂的还原温度;掺杂Mg助剂则导致催化剂的还原温度升高。浆态床活性评价结果表明,掺杂Zr、Co、Ce、Zn、La助剂提高了催化剂的甲烷化性能,其中以La助剂的效果最明显,通过对La负载量进一步优化后发现,当La负载量为8%时,催化剂的甲烷化催化性能最优,CO转化率、CH₄选择性和时空收率分别达到96.3%、87.1%和179.6g·kg^-1·h^-1;掺杂Mg助剂则降低了催化剂的甲烷化活性。     

低温甲烷氧化偶联Li- ZnO/La2O3催化剂

采用浸渍法制备了Li- ZnO/La2O3催化剂并考察了其低温催化甲烷氧化偶联反应性能. 反应条件下, 在考察的w(Li)=2%和w(ZnO)=20%的Li- ZnO/La2O3在680 ℃得到了甲烷转化率为27.3%, C2选择性为65.2%, C2收率为17.8%的结果；在700 ℃, C2收率达到21.8%. Raman和XPS表征结果表明, 催化剂低温催化性能与表面的活性吸附氧物种含量相关；La2O2CO3物种可能是提高催化剂的C2选择性的关键.     

Zr助剂对Co/AC催化剂催化费-托合成反应性能的影响

 采用CO加氢反应、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等技术考察了Zr助剂对Co/AC催化剂催化费-托合成反应性能的影响. 结果表明,还原、钝化后的Co-Zr/AC催化剂的XRD谱上只有较弱的CoO特征衍射峰; 反应50 h后,催化剂中Co主要以fcc晶相存在,同时还含有少量hcp晶相的Co; 加入Zr助剂后Co晶相衍射峰明显减弱. TEM结果表明, 15%Co/AC中Co的平均粒径为20 nm,加入Zr后Co粒径变小,15%Co-6%Zr/AC中Co的粒径为10 nm. CO加氢、XRD和TEM结果表明,加入Zr助剂可以提高活性组分Co的分散度,同时催化剂的活性随分散度的增大而增大. TPR和TPSR实验结果证实了上述结论.     

用于富氢气体中一氧化碳选择性氧化的新型Co-Ni/AC催化剂

 研究了Ni/AC, Co/AC和Co-Ni/AC催化剂用于富氢气体中一氧化碳的选择性氧化脱除. 结果表明,在反应温度为140 ℃和空速为 5000 h-1时,Ni/AC几乎没有催化活性,Co/AC具有较低的催化活性,而Co-Ni/AC具有较高的催化活性,后者可将富氢气体中的CO浓度由1.0%降低到 0.0027%. XRD和XPS分析表明,Co3O4是Co-Ni/AC催化剂的活性中心,Ni的加入提高了Co3O4在Co-Ni/AC中的分散度,同时使Co 2p3/2电子结合能降低了0.41 eV. Co-Ni/AC催化剂中的Ni作为促进剂能很好地改善Co3O4对富氢气体中CO选择性氧化的催化活性.     

不同载体对钌基催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用La2(CO3)3空气焙烧法制备了La2O2CO3载体, 采用浸渍法制备了不同比例的ZnO-La2O2CO3复合载体及Ru/ZnO, Ru/La2O2CO3, Ru/ZnO-La2O2CO3催化剂, 考察了各催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整反应的性能, 并用XRD, TPR技术对催化剂进行表征. 结果表明, 在复合载体负载的催化剂中有钌镧复合氧化物生成, 其中Zn:La摩尔比为1:1时, 催化剂显示了最好的乙醇水蒸气重整性能, 450 ℃时乙醇的转化率为100%, 氢气的选择性达到90%, 而CO的选择性低于1%.     

Mo／La－Co－O催化剂上甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应

 制备了一系列Mo／La－Co－O催化剂，考察了催化剂对甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应的催化性能，并用BET，XRD，LRS，H2－TPR和XPS等技术研究了催化剂的结构和性质．结果表明，在n（CH4）∶n（O2）∶n（N2）＝10∶1∶1，SV＝14．4L／（g·h），p＝4．2MPa和θ＝420℃的反应条件下，7％Mo／La－Co－O催化剂表现出较好的催化性能，甲醇选择性为60％，甲醇收率为6．7％．Mo负载于La－Co－O上以后，Mo－O物种以无定形的状态存在于La－Co－O表面，并与La－Co－O发生相互作用．Mo的负载量影响Mo－O物种的结构及催化剂的性质．催化剂的还原性和表面O－／O2－比影响催化剂上甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应的性能．     

CuO/CeO2-MOx(M=C0,Mn,Al和La)催化剂富氢条件下CO氧化性能的研究

研究了MOx(M=Co,Mn,Al和La)对CuO/CeO2催化剂富氢条件下CO选择性氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD,XPS,BET,TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,MnOx和Co3O4的引入能提高CuO/CeO2催化剂富氢条件下CO选择性氧化的活性,其中以MnOx的改性效果最好,80 ℃时CO转化率达58%,140℃为100%.与其他CuO/CeO2-MOx催化剂相比,CuO/CeO2-MnOx催化剂中活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,铜原子外电子云密度升高,表面Cu和晶格氧含量较多,CO的吸附量较大.     

Cr2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制备合成气

分别采用柠檬酸络合法和直接分解法制备了Cr2O3催化剂, 采用XRD, BET, TPR, XPS, TEM和TGA表征了催化剂的物理化学性质, 在常压固定床石英管(内径5 mm)反应器中考察了Cr2O3催化剂对甲烷部分氧化反应的催化性能. 在500~750 ℃, V(CH4)∶V(O2)=2, 空速12×104 h-1的条件下, O2几乎完全转化, CH4转化率及H2和CO选择性随着温度的升高而增加. 700 ℃下CH4转化率及H2, CO选择性随着空速(6.0×104~24×104 h-1)的升高而增加. 在500 h稳定性实验中, 随着反应时间的延长, CH4转化率及H2, CO选择性缓慢下降, XRD, TEM和BET结果表明, 催化剂的活性下降与烧结和团聚有关, TGA分析表明催化剂具有良好的抗积炭性. 通过CH4脉冲反应, 推测在反应过程中CO, H2, CO2和H2O是直接生成的.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。     

Stages of thermal decomposition of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur

Thermal behaviour of sodium oxo-salts of sulphur: Na₂SO₄, Na₂S₂O₇, Na₂S₂O₆, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, Na₂S₂O₄, Na₂S₂O₃, Na₂S₃O₆ and of sulphides Na₂S and Na₂S₂ was studied on heating up to 1000°C. The experiments were performed with anhydrous compounds obtained from commercial products by recrystallisation and dehydration. The stage mechanisms of decomposition of anionic sub-lattices of the salts have been proposed basing on the Górski’s morphological classification of simple species. The thermal stability and the stage decomposition mechanisms were correlated with the structure and the potential chemical properties of the salt anions. The thermal decomposition processes were studied by means of thermal analysis, and the decomposition products were identified by means of X-ray phase analysis.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.