L-半胱氨酸自组装膜诱导草酸钙结晶研究

在CaCl2.H2O和Na2C2O4配制的过饱和溶液中,利用L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)在金片上形成的自组装膜为模板,研究了草酸钙(CaOxa)在自组装膜上的结晶行为,并探讨了溶液pH对CaOxa晶体组成、晶型及其形貌的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术对CaOxa晶体的结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明:当溶液pH=3.0时,溶液中可以形成一水草酸钙(CaC2O4.H2O,COM)和二水草酸钙(CaC2O4.2H2O,COD)晶体,而在同样pH条件下,在L-Cys自组装膜上只形成COD晶体,表明自组装单层对CaOxa晶体的成核和生长有重要影响。通过改变溶液的pH,在自组装单层上可以得到不同晶型和不同形状的CaOxa晶体。当pH=3.0时得到四方块状的COD晶体,而pH=5.0和pH=7.0时分别得到六边形和拉长六边形的COM晶体。     

3-巯基丙酸自组装单层控制碳酸钙晶型及形貌的研究

采用碳酸铵分解产生的NH3和CO2扩散并溶入氯化钙溶液中,得到了碳酸钙晶体。研究结果表明,3-巯基丙酸自组装单层和溶液温度对碳酸钙晶体的晶型和形貌具有重要影响。25℃条件下,纯溶液中得到了方解石,文石和球霰石三种晶型的混合沉淀物,而在自组装单层存在条件下只得到了表面光滑的菱面体方解石。改变温度,自组装单层调控得到的方解石晶体具有不同的形貌。在60℃得到了多孔方解石,与25℃时典型菱面体方解石有重要区别。XRD分析表明自组装膜上所得碳酸钙晶体为沿着(104)和(006)晶面取向生长的方解石。     

牛血清白蛋白LB膜诱导方解石的生长

采用模拟生物矿化的方法,研究了牛血清白蛋白(BSA) LB膜对碳酸钙晶体成核和生长的诱导控制作用。XRD、SEM结果表明：在BSA单层LB膜诱导下,形成形状规则、边缘清晰的多层盘状方解石晶体,且沿(104)晶面取向生长。说明牛血清白蛋白(BSA) LB膜对碳酸钙的形貌、生长取向性有很好的调控作用。     

自组装膜调控下生物矿物晶体的生长

综述了近年来自组装膜(SAMs)调控下生物矿物晶体生长的最新进展.重点讨论了SAMs调控下碳酸钙、磷酸钙、草酸钙等生物矿物晶体的成核、生长及晶体形态特征,从静电作用、晶格匹配及氢键作用等方面探讨了SAMs调控下晶体生长的本质原因,并讨论了SAMs的结构和分类.     

自组装单层上谷氨酸晶体的生长和晶型控制

报道了谷氨酸晶体在L-半胱氨酸自组装单层上的成核和生长。 在L-半胱氨酸单层的诱导作用下,通过改变溶液的pH值,可以制备出不同晶型的L-谷氨酸,这为控制谷氨酸的晶型提供了一个简单的方法。 在pH值为2.0和2.5条件下,可得到六边形片状的β-谷氨酸,而在pH值为3.0和4.0时得到棱柱状的α晶体。 XRD结果表明,α晶体内有少量的β-谷氨酸晶体出现,这可能来自于β-谷氨酸的“二次成核”。     

辣根过氧化物酶自组装多层膜结构形貌与活性的研究

用分子沉积自组装作制备了阳离子化和阴离子化的辣根过氧化物酶自组装膜；并用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了不同离子化辣根过氧化物酶单层及多层自组装膜的形貌结构与自组装膜的活性变化关系。结果表明：阴离子化的辣根过氧化物酶自组装膜的表面形貌比较粗糙，均方根粗糙度（RMS）及酶分子粒径较大，且组装膜的活性比较大。     

多肽Langmuir膜控制下方解石晶体的生长

本文研究了聚β-苯甲基天门冬氨酸(PBA)Langmuir膜对碳酸钙成核和生长的诱导控制作用。在PBA Langmuir单分子膜作用下,我们得到形状规则、边缘清晰的花瓣状碳酸钙晶体。XRD分析表明所得碳酸钙晶体为沿(104)和(208)晶面取向生长的方解石晶型;AFM、TEM和SEM观察显示了方解石形貌的变化过程。结果表明多肽PBA Langmuir单分子膜对碳酸钙的结晶、生长取向和形貌具有良好的诱导和调控作用。     

自组装单层诱导生长不同形貌碳酸钙晶体

本文将实验结果和软件模拟图像相结合,从结晶学角度探讨了通过L-半胱氨酸自组装单层诱导得到的不同形貌方解石晶体的成因. 阐明了晶体的SEM照片与XRD谱峰的对应关系.     

双模板体系中多级结构碳酸钡晶体的控制合成

在用细乳液聚合法制备聚合物微球的基础上,以此聚合物形成的不溶性自组装膜与可溶性的修饰剂聚丙烯酰胺组成的双模板为三维聚合物模板体系,成功完成了多孔、刺球等具有复杂多级结构碳酸钡晶体的制备.实验过程中发现,调节双模板的组成可精确调控碳酸钡晶体的成核与生长.同时,多孔碳酸钡晶体为典型的大孔材料,孔径为103.4 rm,BET...     

乙醇/水混合溶剂体系中碳酸钙晶体晶型和取向的控制

采用(NH4)2CO3分解法,制备得到了晶型和形貌可控的CaCO3晶体。研究结果表明,乙醇/水混合溶剂、陈化时间和L-半胱氨酸自组装单层模板对CaCO3晶体的晶型、取向和形貌都具有重要影响。无单层模板情况下,溶液中主要得到了球霰石,球霰石的形貌随陈化时间从花朵外形变为树叶形。同样的醇/水体系中,在自组装单层上却得到了取向为(104)晶面的方解石。这与水溶液中同一自组装单层上主要获得(001)结晶面的方解石有明显不同。方解石的形貌也随陈化时间变化而改变。陈化时间为3h时,得到具有孔洞结构的方解石;陈化时间为12 h时,得到表面光滑的菱面体方解石。     

晶面选择性生长对球形氢氧化镍形貌及电化学活性的影响

在相同的物理化学条件、不同晶化时间的条件下,采用化学沉淀法制备球形氢氧化镍晶体并应用SEM技术分别考察制得样品的形貌。研究表明：在相同的物理化学条件下,随着晶化时间的增加,样品的微观形貌由不规则状晶体变为完整的球状晶体。结合XRD表征结果分析得出：（001）晶面在晶化时间达到3 h时生长到了一个稳定的状态,并不随着晶化时间的增加而有明显的变化,但（100）与（101）晶面随晶化时间的增加继续生长,当晶化时间达到12 h时氢氧化镍的相对结晶度最大,（100）与（101）衍射峰强度高且峰形尖锐,说明氢氧化镍晶体的结构规整性增强。本文还讨论了氢氧化镍生长结晶过程中晶面选择性生长对晶体形貌及电化学性能的影响。     

晶面选择性生长对球形氢氧化镍形貌及电化学活性的影响

在相同的物理化学条件、不同晶化时间的条件下,采用化学沉淀法制备球形氢氧化镍晶体并应用SEM技术分别考察制得样品的形貌。研究表明：在相同的物理化学条件下,随着晶化时间的增加,样品的微观形貌由不规则状晶体变为完整的球状晶体。结合XRD表征结果分析得出：（001）晶面在晶化时间达到3 h时生长到了一个稳定的状态,并不随着晶化时间的增加而有明显的变化,但（100）与（101）晶面随晶化时间的增加继续生长,当晶化时间达到12 h时氢氧化镍的相对结晶度最大,（100）与（101）衍射峰强度高且峰形尖锐,说明氢氧化镍晶体的结构规整性增强。本文还讨论了氢氧化镍生长结晶过程中晶面选择性生长对晶体形貌及电化学性能的影响。     

间同立构聚丙烯在聚乙烯(100)晶面上的附生行为研究

利用电子显微镜的欠焦成像和电子衍射技术对间同立构聚丙烯(sPP)在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的(100)晶面上的结晶行为进行了研究,明场结果表明,sPP能在HDPE的(100)晶面上附生生长,形成相互交叉的草席状片晶结构,电子衍射结果证明,附生生长的sPP与HDPE的接触面为(100)晶面,sPP与HDPE的分子链方向成固定的±37.交角,说明sPP在纤维取向的HDPE基质上附生结晶不仅仅是HDPE的(110)晶面对sPP有取向成核作用,(100)HDPE晶面也可作为sPP晶体的取向成核点.     

In‐Plane Structures of Synthetic Oligolactose Lipid Monolayers—Impact of Saccharide Chain Length

Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) was used to investigate the in‐plane structure of monolayers of synthetic glycolipids with oligolactose head groups (Lac N, with N=number of lactose units) at the air/water interface. The Lac 1 monolayer exhibits three sharp diffraction peaks. One peak can be deconvoluted into two diffraction peaks, which suggests that alkyl chains in the monolayer form an orthorhombic lattice. On the other hand, the other two peaks are related to bulk crystalline materials residing at the interface. Another weak peak from the head group correlation, either in a monolayer or in bulk crystals, can also be observed in some experiments. The scattering patterns of the Lac 2 monolayer indicate that the alkyl chains order in an orthorhombic lattice, where a shift in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance seems to fluidize the film. Alkyl chains in the Lac 3 monolayer also seem to assume an orthorhombic lattice; however, a weak diffraction peak from the correlation between trilactose head groups can also be observed. The estimated lattice dimensions are compared systematically to those of bulk dispersions, as well as to the viscoelastic properties of the monolayer. The obtained results strongly suggest that the in‐plane structure of synthetic glycolipid monolayers can provide a well‐defined basis to understand the impact of the chemical structure on the cooperativity and function of the glycocalix of cellular surfaces.     

Highly oriented self-assembled monolayers as templates for epitaxial calcite growth

The lateral alignment of [012] habit-modified calcite crystals with respect to a carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiols has been determined. The crystals were grown from a Kitano solution (pH 5.6-6.0), and the samples were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polarization microscopy. For the first time, a lattice match in one direction, which is the nearest neighbor direction of the SAM and the calcite <100> direction, has been experimentally shown. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical models proposed in previous work, and it is expected that this method can be applied to similar systems where inorganic crystals nucleate with a preferred orientation to a SAM.     

Epitaxial crystallization of polyoxymethylene on NaCl single crystal in dilute solution

The epitaxial crystallization of polyoxymethylene (POM) is observed from 0.01% cyclohexanol solution on the (001) cleavage face of NaCl. High-resolution electron microscopy reveals that the crystals are definitely triangular, rather than rectangular prisms, although the crystals have previously been interpreted as “edge-on” arrangements of lamellar crystals. An electron diffraction pattern obtained from films, which were piled up with a maximum of nine sheets per grid, shows that plane spacing of the epitaxial crystals is 3.87 Å and almost the same as the \[ \left\{ {10\bar 10} \right\} \] spacing (3.86 Å) of hexagonal single crystal of POM: the axes of POM fold chains in the crystals are parallel to the (001) plane. A possible mechanism for the epitaxial crystallization of POM is proposed.     

海藻异枝麒麟菜多糖抑制尿石盐草酸钙晶体生长的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了从海藻异枝麒麟菜中提取的硫酸多糖(ESPS)对草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长的影响. 结果表明, 添加ESPS能抑制一水草酸钙(COM)的生长, 同时诱导二水草酸钙(COD)晶体的形成. 随着ESPS的质量浓度从0增加到0.03和0.50 mg/mL, COD的质量分数从0分别增加到10%和55%; COM的(1 01)晶面加强, (020)晶面减弱直至消失, 并从三维晶体转变为棱角圆顿的四角形片状晶体; COM和COD的尺寸均明显变小. 这些结果表明, ESPS是抑制CaOxa结石形成的一种潜在药物.     

Growth, structural, spectral, mechanical, thermal and dielectric characterization of phosphoric acid admixtured L-alanine (PLA) single crystals

Phosphoric acid admixtured L-alanine (PLA) single crystals were grown successfully by solution method with slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Crystals of size 18 mm×12 mm×8 mm have been obtained in 28 days. The grown crystals were colorless and transparent. The solubility of the grown samples has been found out at various temperatures. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction technique. The reflection planes of the sample were confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction study and diffraction peaks were indexed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies were used to confirm the presence of various functional groups in the crystals. UV-visible transmittance spectrum was recorded to study the optical transparency of grown crystal. The nonlinear optical (NLO) property of the grown crystal was confirmed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique and a study of its second harmonic generation efficiency in comparison with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) has been made. The mechanical strength of the crystal was estimated by Vickers hardness test. The grown crystals were subjected to thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The dielectric behavior of the sample was also studied.     

利用L-半胱氨酸自组装膜和混合溶剂协同作用手性拆分DL-谷氨酸

基于L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)自组装膜(SAMs)在乙醇-水混合溶剂体系中对外消旋谷氨酸展现出的手性识别能力,在含60%(体积分数)乙醇的乙醇-水混合溶剂中,利用L-Cys SAMs对不同手性谷氨酸的选择性结晶作用,通过多次重结晶,分离出纯D-谷氨酸晶体,从而实现了对DL-谷氨酸的手性拆分.