甲基丙烯酸甲酯的可控/“活性”细乳液光聚合

在室温下, 以2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基(HTEMPO)为调控介质, 1-羟基-环己基-苯基甲酮(Irgacure 184)为引发剂, 采用光化学方法研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/十六醇(CA)/水细乳液体系的光聚合反应控制动力学. 结果表明, 该细乳液体系非常稳定, 在整个聚合过程中即没有絮凝物产生, 也没有沉淀析出, 获得了良好的ln([M0]/[M])与时间、数均分子量与转化率之间的线性动力学关系, 并且在整个聚合反应过程中MMA均聚物的分子量分布比较窄, 其多分散性指数较低(PDI=1.27~1.36), 具有明显的活性聚合特征.     

甲基丙烯酸正丁酯正相微乳液可控/“活性”光聚合动力学研究

以末端含溴原子的光引发剂2-溴异丁酰氧基-2-甲基-1-苯基甲酮(HMPP-Br)为引发剂,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇(TMP)为调控剂,采用光聚合方法研究了甲基丙烯酸正丁酯(n-BMA)/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/水/正丁醇 O/W型正相微乳液体系的光聚合反应动力学.结果表明,改性后的引发剂具有一定的引发活性,且聚合微乳液体系较稳定,聚合反应获得了良好的ln[M]₀/[M]与时间、数均分子量与转化率之间的线性动力学关系,制备了分子量分布较窄的Poly(n-BMA)均聚物.     

氮氧自由基研究(ⅩⅩⅢ)——哌啶氮氧自由基及其氧铵盐与N,N,N′,N′-四甲基对苯二胺在水溶液中的单电子转移反应

ESR波谱和流动-停止UV动力学研究表明,水溶液中2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基1和相应氧铵澳盐2均可将N,N,N′,N′-四甲基对苯二胺(TMPD)氧化为相应自由基正离子TMPD+,2还能将TMPD+进一步氧化为二价正离子TMPD~(2+).TMPD+可发生可逆歧化,其稳定性强烈受介质酸碱性的影响。利用计算机对动力学曲线的模拟测得上述有关反应的速率常数,并讨论了反应机理。     

基于四氮配体的铜配合物/TEMPO催化的苄醇与烯丙基醇的氧化反应

发展了非血红素类四氮配体的铜配合物和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧自由基(TEMPO)相结合的催化体系,应用于分子氧参与的伯醇氧化反应.该体系具有条件温和、高效、高选择性、无需任何助剂和底物(包括苄醇、烯丙基醇和含杂原子伯醇)使用性强等优点.此外,利用高分辨质谱和紫外-光谱等对反应活性中间体进行了初步探讨.     

基于四氮配体的铜配合物/TEMPO催化的苄醇与烯丙基醇的氧化反应

发展了非血红素类四氮配体的铜配合物和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-氮-氧自由基(TEMPO)相结合的催化体系,应用于分子氧参与的伯醇氧化反应.该体系具有条件温和、高效、高选择性、无需任何助剂和底物(包括苄醇、烯丙基醇和含杂原子伯醇)使用性强等优点.此外,利用高分辨质谱和紫外-光谱等对反应活性中间体进行了初步探讨.     

采用ATRP合成天然橡胶接枝共聚物——Ⅱ.ENR-g-PS的制备

以苯乙烯(St)为原料,天然橡胶-g-(2-溴-2-甲基丙酸)[ENR-Br(2)]为大分子引发剂,CuBr/PMDTA为催化体系,在甲苯中通过原子自由基聚合(ATRP)制得环氧化天然橡胶-g-聚苯乙烯[ENR-g-PS (3)],其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.动力学研究发现In{[M]0/[M]t}对时间具有很好的线性关系,符合一级动力学反应;在三氟乙酸存在下通过水解反应取切割3上的接枝聚苯乙烯链(1′),并用GPC测定其分子量(MnGPC)和多分散性指数(PDI),结果发现MnGPC和PDI随单体转化率的提高而增加.     

原子转移氮氧自由基偶合反应制备聚苯乙烯改性的石墨烯

通过原子转移氮氧自由基偶合(ATNRC)反应制备了聚苯乙烯改性的石墨烯. 先将氧化石墨烯酰氯化, 然后与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶-1-氧自由基(HTEMPO)进行酯化反应制备HTEMPO 修饰的石墨烯(Graphene-HTEMPO), 通过Graphene-HTEMPO 与原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法制备的Br 封端的聚苯乙烯进行ATNRC 反应, 即可得到聚苯乙烯共价改性的石墨烯(Graphene-g-PS). 热失重分析结果表明聚苯乙烯的接枝率约为6.68 wt%, 从透射电镜照片中也可以明显地看到石墨烯表面的聚苯乙烯. 由于聚苯乙烯的共价接枝, 使得Graphene-g-PS 在氯仿、正己烷、甲苯、甲醇等有机溶剂中具有很好的分散性, 有利于石墨烯的进一步应用.     

Cu_(30)Cr_5/碱性氧化铝催化2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶酮加氢(英文)

在2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶酮连续化加氢生成2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇的反应中,Cu30Cr5/碱性氧化铝比Cu30Cr5/γ-Al2O3具有更优异的催化性能,反应的转化率和选择性分别高达99.0%和97.2%.N2物理吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和氨气程序升温脱附结果表明,Cu0作为催化加氢反应的活性中心,在Cu30Cr5/碱性氧化铝中具有更好的分散性,且随着碱性氧化铝的引入,催化剂酸性大幅下降,从而有效抑制副产物2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮的生成,因而产物2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇的选择性显著提高.     

4-甲基丙烯酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯自由基聚合的研究

<正> 带受阻胺基团的聚合物是一类新型光稳定剂,这类聚合物的合成研究已有一些报道,但是关于单体分子中的亚胺基对自由基聚合影响报道各不相同。 本文用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,对4-甲基丙烯酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(MTMP)的均聚及其与苯乙烯(St)的共聚合进行了研究,同时也考察了MTMP的母体化合物4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(TMP)对St及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合的影响,并对St-MTMP共聚合体系中介质的影响进行了初步探讨。     

4,4'-二甲氧基二苯基氮氧自由基调控甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合

以4,4'-二甲氧基二苯胺为原料,过硫酸氢钾复合盐(Oxone)为氧化剂,通过一步反应合成了苯环类氮氧自由基——4,4'-二甲氧基二苯基氮氧自由基(DMDPN),并与引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)组成双分子体系进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的调控聚合.用重量法测定转化率、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定分子量及分布.研究了氮氧自由基/引发剂比以及聚合温度对聚合动力学和聚合物分子量及分布的影响,并对得到聚合物进行了再引发反应以及1H核磁共振表征.结果表明该体系下,氮氧自由基与增长自由基之间无明显的氢转移副反应发生,聚合过程中分子量随转化率线性增加,且聚合物末端具有活性,能进行再次链增长,体现出可控/"活性"自由基聚合的特点.确定了最佳氮氧自由基/引发剂摩尔比为1.6∶1、最佳聚合温度为120℃,并在70℃下实现了MMA的调控聚合.     

Controlled/living photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate in miniemulsion mediated by HTEMPO

Controlled/living photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in miniemulsion mediated by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyloxy (HTEMPO) was carried out at ambient temperatures. MMA miniemulsion was prepared by using an anionic surfactant with cetylalcohol as a co-stabilizer. The photopolymerization led to stable lattices and they were obtained with no coagulation during synthesis and no destabilization over time. It was found that the obtained MMA homopolymers exhibited relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI = 1.27 − 1.36) which was characterized by GPC. The plots of number-average molecular weight in (M _n) vs. conversion and ln([M₀]/[M]) vs. time both were linear indicating that the reaction was a controlled/living free radical polymerization. __________ Translated from Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2007, 28(4): 774–778 [译自: 高等学校化学学报]     

Controlled Radical Photopolymerization of n-Butyl Methacrylate in Bluk Mediated by HTEMPO

Recently, controlled free-radical polymerization (CRP) has been a technique for the preparation of polymers of tailored architectures using experimentally simple techniques1. The CRP methods were nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMP), atom …     

Photoinduced controlled/living free‐radical polymerization of 4‐methacryloyl‐1,2,2,6,6‐pentamethyl‐piperidenyl

The photoinduced solution polymerization of 4‐methacryloyl‐1,2,2,6,6‐pentamethyl‐piperidinyl (MPMP), used as a reactive hindered amine piperidinol derivative, was performed. The obtained MPMP homopolymer had a very narrow molecular weight distribution (1.06–1.39) according to gel permeation chromatography. The number‐average and weight‐average molecular weights increased linearly with the monomer conversion, this being characteristic of controlled/living free‐radical polymerizations. Electron spin resonance signals were detected in the MPMP homopolymer and in a polymer mixture solution, and they were assigned to nitroxide radicals, which were bound to the polymer chains and persisted at a level of 10^?9 mol/L during the polymerization. Instead of the addition of mediated nitroxide radicals such as 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO), those radicals (>N? O ·) were formed in situ during the photopolymerization of MPMP, and so the reaction mechanism was understood as being similar to that of TEMPO‐mediated controlled/living free‐radical polymerization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2659–2665, 2004     

Photo-controlled/living radical polymerization mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl in inert atmospheres

The photo-controlled/living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate using a nitroxide mediator was established in an inert atmosphere. The bulk polymerization was performed at room temperature using 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as the mediator and (2RS,2′RS)-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as the initiator in the presence of (4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate as the accelerator by irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp. The photopolymerization in a N₂ atmosphere produced a polymer with a comparatively narrow molecular weight distribution; however, the experimental molecular weight was slightly different from the theoretical molecular weight. The Ar atmospheric polymerization also provided a polymer with the molecular weight distribution similar to that of the polymer obtained by the N₂ atmospheric polymerization. These inert atmospheric polymerizations more rapidly proceeded to produce polymers with narrower molecular weight distributions than the vacuum polymerization. The livingness of the Ar atmospheric polymerization was confirmed on the basis of the first-order time–conversion plots and conversion–molecular weight plots.     

AIBN/SmCl3/乳酸体系催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的反向原子转移自由基聚合

利用稀土金属化合物三氯化钐(SmCl3)和二氯化钐(SmCl2)之间的单电子转移反应,以AIBN/SmCl3/乳酸作为反向原子转移自由基聚合(ReverseATRP)的催化体系,成功地实现了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的反向ATRP,并考察了温度、溶剂和组分比对聚合反应的影响.MMA在该体系中的聚合反应是一级反应,所得PMMA的分子量与单体转化率成正比,聚合物的分子量分布较窄(Mw/Mn<1.5),具有活性聚合的特征.     

Nitroxide-mediated photo-living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in solution

The photoradical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was performed in an acetonitrile solution at room temperature using (2RS,2′RS)-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as the initiator, 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as the mediator, and (4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate as the photo-acid generator. This solution polymerization showed a non-steady-state during the very early stage followed by a steady-state. The polymerization produced oligomers with several thousand molecular weights at a very low conversion under the non-steady-state. It was confirmed that the polymerization proceeded in accordance with a living mechanism under the steady-state based on the linear correlations for both the first-order time-conversion plots and the conversion–molecular weight plots. The molecular weight distributions of the polymers obtained in the steady-state were approximately 1.8. The block copolymerization with isopropyl methacrylate ( ⁱ PMA) demonstrated that the growing polymer chain ends of the MMA prepolymer were stabilized even at a high conversion and efficiently initiated the ⁱ PMA polymerization.     

Nitroxide-mediated photo-controlled/living radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate

The nitroxide-mediated photo-controlled/living radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate was attained using (2RS,2′RS)-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) as the initiator, 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl as the mediator, and (4-tert-butylphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate as the photo-acid generator. The photopolymerization was performed in acetonitrile at room temperature by irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp. The molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymer decreased as the monomer concentration decreased. It was confirmed that the polymerization was controlled on the basis of the linear correlations for the first-order time-conversion plots and the plots of the molecular weight vs. the reciprocal of the initial concentration of the initiator, although the conversion–molecular weight plots did not show a completely linear correlation. The block copolymerization with methyl methacrylate accompanied by no deactivation of the growing polymer chain end supported the livingness of the polymerization.     

Organostibine mediated controlled/living random copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate

The first example of organostibine mediated controlled/living random copolymerization of styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was achieved by heating a solution of St/MMA/organostibine mediator at 100 °C or St/MMA/organostibine mediator/AIBN with various monomer feed ratios at 60 °C. The addition of AIBN significantly decreased the reaction temperature and enhanced the rate of copolymerization. The structure of poly(St-co-MMA) was verified by ¹H NMR. The reactivity ratios at 60 °C were determined by the extended Kelen-Tüd?s method to be γ_St = 0.40 and γ_MMA = 0.44. The ln([M]₀/[M]) increased linearly with increasing reaction time. The number-average molecular weights of poly(St-co-MMA) increased linearly with conversion. Poly(St-co-MMA) with expected number-average molecular weight and low polydispersity index was formed. The living characteristic was further confirmed by chain-extension of poly(St-co-MMA) to form poly(St-co-MMA)-b-PMMA.