超分子环糊精两亲分子

本文综述了“超分子环糊精两亲分子”的最新研究进展。超分子环糊精两亲分子主要包括疏水性修饰的环糊精衍生物(第一类)、环糊精衍生物与两亲分子的包合物(第二类)和环糊精衍生物与疏水性客体分子的包合物(第三类)。针对超分子环糊精两亲分子及其自组装体系的研究不但丰富了由诺贝尔化学奖得主Lehn等所提出的超分子化学的内涵,实现了多学科的交叉,而且在生物模拟、智能材料以及可控的、具有疗效的药物输运与缓释等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

环糊精超分子聚合物在药物/基因递送载体领域的研究进展

超分子聚合物通常以非共价键作为构筑驱动力,其结构具有动态可逆的特点,在新型响应性聚合物材料中具有突出优势。环糊精可通过主客体识别作用与客体分子如二茂铁、偶氮苯、金刚烷、苯环等形成包合,以此构筑的超分子组装体展现出丰富的自组装-解组装特性、刺激响应性、较低的细胞毒性和较好的生物相容性,有望在药物/基因载体领域得到应用。本文从环糊精超分子聚合物的生物医用出发,着重对近年来环糊精超分子聚合物载体在药物控制释放、基因转染以及药物/基因共递送三方面的研究进展进行了总结和评述,并在此基础上展望了环糊精超分子聚合物的研究方向和发展趋势。     

中国超分子聚合物的研究与动态

超分子聚合物是高分子科学与超分子科学交叉的研究方向.超分子聚合物的研究在中国引起了学术界的广泛兴趣,中国的学者们对推动此研究领域的发展做出了贡献,并在新的超分子聚合方法、可控超分子聚合以及功能超分子聚合物等方面取得了一系列重要的创新成果.本文总结和评述了中国超分子聚合物的研究与动态,并展望了超分子聚合物化学、超分子聚合物物理、超分子聚合物表征及功能超分子聚合物的未来发展.     

葫芦脲大环官能团功能化

新型大环化合物的设计与合成一直以来都是超分子化学的研究热点。冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃和葫芦脲等经典大环分子,以及柱芳烃等新兴大环分子的发展丰富了超分子化学的研究内容。其中,官能团功能化的大环化合物被广泛应用于化学传感器、分子机器、仿生系统、超分子催化、刺激响应体系、功能材料以及药物传递等众多领域。葫芦脲大环具有一个刚性的疏水空腔,由于其独特而优秀的水相识别能力而备受关注。然而,相对于其他大环化合物,葫芦脲由于其官能团功能化难题而发展相当缓慢。近年来,葫芦脲大环官能团功能化的研究获得了巨大的突破,将葫芦脲大环的主客体识别性质从传统的超分子化学拓展到生物化学、材料化学以及药物化学等交叉研究领域。本文重点总结葫芦脲大环官能团功能化现阶段的研究进展,并对其合成方法进行简单明晰的总结与展望。     

磁性分子印迹聚合物核壳微球的制备及应用*

分子印迹技术是综合高分子化学、生物化学等学科发展起来的一门边缘学科。通过分子印迹技术制备的聚合物具有吸附选择性好、色谱效率高、便于功能设计等优点,在色谱分离、固相萃取、传感器、药物控释等领域得到了广泛的应用。磁性聚合物微球是近年发展起来的一种新型多功能材料,已广泛应用于生物分离、药物控释、疾病诊断等领域。在磁性粒子表面进行分子印迹制备的磁性分子印迹聚合物核壳微球,兼有良好的超顺磁性和高选择吸附性两大优点,具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点综述了磁性分子印迹聚合物核壳微球的制备方法以及在化学分析、生物分离和药物控释方面应用的研究进展,并指出了该领域工作存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

超分子化学在药物共晶中的应用

药物共晶是一种新兴的药物晶型, 一个给定的活性药物分子通过形成共晶, 一方面可以大大丰富其结晶形式, 另一方面可以改善其物化性质及临床疗效. 本文从超分子化学的角度对药物共晶进行了综述, 列举了一系列通过氢键超分子合成子进行药物共晶设计和制备的研究实例, 旨在促进超分子化学和药学的交叉融合.     

吉林大学超分子化学生物学学科的建设与发展:从超分子化学到生命机制探索及疫苗、药物研发

吉林大学是国内较早进行化学与生物学交叉研究的高校之一。为了推动吉林大学化学与生物学的深度融合,同时结合本校在超分子化学领域的积累与优势形成研究特色,本校提出了发展超分子化学生物学的构想,并建立了吉林大学超分子化学生物学研究中心。回顾了吉林大学化学与生物学交叉融合的发展历程,介绍了超分子化学生物学学科的发展现状及未来发展方向。     

肽基超分子胶体

肽基超分子胶体是基于肽分子间超分子作用,自发形成且具有有序分子排布及规整结构,兼具传统胶体及超分子特性的组装体系。利用超分子弱相互作用构筑功能性胶体,不仅是人们对生命组装进程深入理解的有效手段,也是实现优异的超分子材料的重要途径。肽分子具有组成明确、性能可调、生物安全性高及可降解等优势,是超分子化学、胶体与界面化学领域重要的组装基元。基于肽的超分子自组装,能够实现多尺度、多功能的生物胶体的构筑,被广泛应用于医药、催化、能源等领域。如何通过对肽序列的设计及分子间作用力的调控,实现对胶体结构和功能的精确控制,是近年来研究的重要课题之一。从分子尺度研究和揭示超分子胶体的组装过程及物理化学机制,探究胶体结构与功能的关系,是实现超分子结构和功能化的重要内容。本文基于"分子间作用的调控"及"结构与功能的关系"两个基本科学问题,系统地综述了肽基超分子胶体的组装机制、结构与功能,以及研究现状。     

三维主体分子的合成及阴离子识别研究进展

生物功能体系的模拟是生物有机化学和超分子化学发展的前沿领域之一。本文简要论述新型大二环．大三环、笼型环番以及其它三维主体分子的合成及对阴离子选择性识别作用的研究新进展。     

葫芦[n]脲超分子水凝胶的研究进展

超分子化学的发展一直是众多研究者所关注的一大热点,葫芦[n]脲作为第四代大环主体分子,拓宽了超分子化学领域的发展。水凝胶是一种具有可拉伸性、生物相容性、环境响应性等多种优异性能的软材料。人们充分利用葫芦[n]脲优异的分子识别能力和配位能力,研究出了一系列具有特殊功能的超分子水凝胶材料。本文在结合葫芦[n]脲特点的基础上,着重论述了葫芦[n]脲水凝胶在(刺激响应性、粘附性、自愈合性)功能性材料、(药物传递、伤口敷料、仿生)生物医学材料、超分子发光材料等领域的研究前沿和动态,并且对葫芦[n]脲水凝胶的主要设计思路进行了讨论。最后,针对当前存在的问题以及未来可能的发展方向对葫芦[n]脲水凝胶的研究前景作出了展望。     

Review on supermolecules as chemical drugs

Supramolecular medicinal chemistry field has been a quite rapidly developing, increasingly active and newly rising interdiscipline which is the new expansion of supramolecular chemistry in pharmaceutical sciences, and is gradually becoming a relatively independent scientific area. Supramolecular drugs could be defined as medicinal supermolecules formed by two or more molecules through non-covalent bonds. So far a lot of supermolecules as chemical drugs have been widely used in clinics. Supermolecules as chemical drugs, i.e. supramolecular chemical drugs or supramolecular drugs, which might have the excellences of lower cost, shorter period, higher potential as clinical drugs for their successful research and development, may possess higher bioavailability, better biocompatibility and drug-targeting, fewer multidrug-resistances, lower toxicity, less adverse effect, and better curative effects as well as safety, and therefore exhibit wide potential application. These overwhelming advantages have drawn enormous special attention. This paper gives the definition of supramolecular drugs, proposes the concept of supramolecular chemical drugs, and systematically reviews the recent advances in the research and development of supermolecules, including organic and inorganic complex ones as chemical drugs in the area of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antivirus, anti-epileptic, cardiovascular agents and magnetic resonance imaging agents and so on. The perspectives of the foreseeable future and potential application of supramolecules as chemical drugs are also presented. Supported by the Southwest University (Grant Nos. SWUB2006018 & XSGX0602), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant Nos. 2007BB5369 & 2006BB4341) and the Key Project from the Personnel Department of China (Grant No. 2002-99)     

三唑类超分子化学与药物研究新进展

三唑环为含有三个氮原子的五元杂环, 唑环具有芳香性和丰富的电子, 易接受质子和络合金属离子, 因而三唑类化合物易通过配位键、氢键、离子-偶极、阳离子-?、?-?堆积、疏水效应以及范德华力等非共价键力形成超分子聚集体, 表现出许多特殊的性能及生物活性, 具有广泛的潜在应用如作为离子受体、材料、医药等. 近些年来, 相关三唑类超分子化学与医药的研究非常活跃, 发展特别迅速, 已成为十分活跃的热点研究领域. 本文结合自己的工作, 参考国内外近五年文献, 首次系统综述了三唑类化合物作为阳离子和阴离子受体以及三唑类超分子作为发光与磁性材料、医药在抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌等方面的研究与开发近况. 希望本综述对三唑类超分子化学与药物的进一步研发有所启迪.     

Self‐Assembly of Chiral Propeller‐like Supermolecules with Unusual “Sergeants‐and‐Soldiers” and “Majority‐Rules” Effects

Chiral amplification is an interesting phenomenon in supramolecular chemistry mainly observed in complicated systems in which cooperative effect dominate. Herein, chiral, supramolecular, propeller‐like architectures have been constructed through coassembly of an achiral disk‐shaped molecule and chiral amino acid derivatives driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Both the “sergeants‐and‐soldiers” principle and “majority‐rules” effect are applicable in these discrete four‐component supermolecules, which are the simplest supramolecular system ever reported that exhibit chiral amplification.     

Macrocyclic supramolecular biomaterials in anti-cancer therapeutics

Macrocyclic supramolecular complexes demonstrate the dynamic potential to solve global biomedical challenges, a promising cancer treatment modality. The macrocyclic system is an important heterocyclic system widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of macrocyclic supramolecular complexes with desirable donor & acceptor characteristics is beneficial for readily binding with various enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. Macrocyclic-related research and macrocyclic molecules-based medicinal chemistry developments have become rapidly developing areas of study. Numerous macrocyclic-based molecules as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various diseases with high therapeutic potency. This critically analyzed work systematically reviews current developments of macrocyclic supramolecular complexes-based compounds in the range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. This review will be helpful for medicinal chemistry researchers to develop new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic macrocyclic supramolecular complexes-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.     

X-ray Crystallographic Studies on the Noncovalent Syntheses of Supermolecules

An approach to the supramolecular syntheses of discrete multicomponent aggregates of noncovalently bound molecules, i.e., supermolecules, is described. This approach involved the careful analysis of X-ray crystal structures so as to permit a gradual increase in superstructural complexity. Many elaborate supermolecules were synthesized noncovalently from dialkylammonium-containing cations and crown ethers, following the initial observation that the dibenzylammonium ion threads through dibenzo[24]crown-8 to generate a singly stranded, singly encircled [2]pseudorotaxane, principally as a result of and hydrogen bond formation. The scope of the fundamental recognition motif obtained from this initial observation was then broadened, through the use of thread-like ions with multiple dialkylammonium centers and/or larger crown ethers, so that multiply stranded and/or multiply encircled pseudorotaxanes could be prepared. Cations bearing both dialkylammonium and crown ether recognition sites were also used for the nocovalent synthesis of a discrete daisy chain supermacrocycle and the basic recognition motif was combined with other motifs for the production of a wide range of novel superarchitectures. As a greater understanding of the noncovalent interactions governing the self-assembly of the complex superarchitectures was acquired, new protocols for the noncovalent syntheses of doubly docked pseudorotaxanes and interwoven supramolecular bundles, including a supramolecular analogue of the photosynthetic special pair, were developed. The discovery that anions can play a prominent role in the solid-state self-assembly of some of the supermolecules was a valuable spinoff of the research.     

超分子化学发展简介

本文综述了超分子化学的定义 , 范围及内容. 着重介绍了分子识别, 分子自组装, 超分子催化, 超分子器件及超分子材料等概念. 对由此可能形成的新的前沿科学如分子电子学, 分子离子学, 分子光子学及超分子工艺学等作了扼要介绍 .     

The Halogen Bond: An Emerging Supramolecular Tool in the Design of Functional Mesomorphic Materials

Owing to their dynamic attributes, non-covalent supramolecular interactions have enabled a new paradigm in the design and fabrication of multifunctional material systems with programmable properties, performances, and reconfigurable traits. Recently, the “halogen bond” has become an enticing supramolecular synthetic tool that displays a plethora of promising and advantageous characteristics. Consequently, this versatile and dynamic non-covalent interaction has been extensively harnessed in various fields such as crystal engineering, self-assembly, materials science, polymer chemistry, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology. In recent years, halogen bonding has emerged as a tunable supramolecular synthetic tool in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials with adjustable phases and properties. In this Concept article, the use of halogen bond in the field of stimuli-responsive smart soft materials, that is, liquid crystals is discussed. The design, synthesis and characterization of molecular and macromolecular liquid crystalline materials are described and the modulation of their properties has been emphasized. The power of halogen bonding in offering a large variety of functional liquid crystalline materials from readily accessible mesomorphic and non-mesomorphic complementary building blocks is highlighted. The article concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging endeavor towards the realization of enabling and elegant dynamic functional materials.     

稀土超分子配合物研究进展

超分子化学作为"广义上的配位化学",是一个充满活力的领域。基于配位自组装,设计合成具有不同拓扑结构和功能特性的超分子配合物是超分子化学的研究重点。基于稀土元素构筑的超分子配合物不仅丰富了配位超分子体系,也是制备功能性配合物的核心内容。主要从拓扑结构调控、结构修饰和功能特性等方面综述了螺旋、格子、环状和笼状等稀土超分子配合物的最新研究进展,探讨了配体设计在超分子自组装过程中的作用,旨在为稀土超分子化合物的设计与调控提供新思路。     

N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲晶体中的弱相互作用及超分子结构研究

合成了3种N-乙氧羰基-N'-取代芳基硫脲并确定了其晶体结构, 晶体结构表明, 在这些化合物中存在分子内及分子间的氢键, 分子间的氢键将化合物1和2组装成了一维链状的超分子结构, 由于空间因素, 化合物3没有形成类似于1, 2中的氢键组装成的链状超分子结构, 而是形成了氢键链接的二聚体. 同时在化合物1, 3中还存在分子间的芳环间的π-π相互作用. 在化合物1的晶体中, 这种π-π相互作用使相邻的超分子链之间相互关联. 化合物3的晶体中, 相邻的二聚体间又通过π-π相互作用连接成了无限延伸的一维链状结构.     

Supramolecular Chemistry of Titanium Oxide Clusters

Titanium oxide clusters (TOCs) have been emerging as a new type of inorganic molecular entities of supramolecular chemistry. Herein, a perspective on the structures and functionalities of TOCs over the past three decades is given and the paramount roles of TOCs in serving supramolecular chemistry are demonstrated. Four types of supramolecular assemblies based on TOCs are reviewed, namely, TOC hosts for ion inclusion, mechanically interlocked molecular systems built from cyclic TOCs, reactivities of surface sites toward ligand exchange, and hierarchical structures of TOCs. The principles and advantages of TOCs toward each application are fully discussed, along with structural analyses. Following this path, more functional TOC-based supramolecular systems may be designed and synthesized in the future, which, in turn, will certainly enhance research into both supramolecular and coordination chemistry of titanium.