盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定

盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea Zingiberensis)为薯蓣科植物,其根茎俗称黄姜,产于四川、陕西、云南、湖南、湖北等省。本品为不常用中药,用于工业上提取皂素,主要成分是皂甙,水解得薯蓣皂甙元。它是异螺旋甾烷衍生物,化学名为Δ~5-异螺旋甾烯-3β-醇,是生产甾体激素类药物原料。以往测定薯蓣科植物中薯蓣皂甙元的含量多采用重量法、库伦法、薄层扫描等方法。这些定量方法操作繁杂,测定准确度不高。气相色谱测定皂甙元曾有文献报道。本文研究了薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定,基于样品中各组分     

薯蓣皂甙元水溶性衍生物的合成及其应用

薯蓣皂甙元具有增强心脏收缩力,减慢心率,抗动脉硬化,改善微循环,抗衰老以及抗关节炎等功效.但由于薯蓣皂甙元水溶性非常差,其临床应用受到了很大的限制.迄今为止,只有薯蓣皂甙元水溶性衍生物--皂甙的生产方法及其临床应用(如地奥心血康)报道.为进一步了解薯蓣皂甙元的其它水溶性衍生物的生理活性,我们以薯蓣皂甙元为原料,设计并合成了一系列的薯蓣皂甙元衍生物及其盐(图1和图2)[1-5].这些化合物的水溶性比薯蓣皂甙元明显增加,而且它们对大鼠都具有抗心肌梗死活性.     

间接原子吸收法测定黄姜中的薯蓣皂甙元

提出了间接测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的原子吸收光谱法。该法基于薯蓣皂甙元能与碱式醋酸铅发生络合反应,生成难溶于水的白色沉淀,经离心分离后,用原子吸收法测定上清液中过量的铅离子,可间接测定薯蓣皂甙元的含量。该法线性范围为0.0~40.0 mg/L;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.9%~1.1%;回收率为98.9%~102.9%。     

重楼中薯蓣皂甙元的反相高效液相色谱测定

 采用高效液相色谱法测定了重楼中薯蓣皂甙元的质量分数。样品先经甲醇提取,再经酸水解,将重楼甾体皂甙转变成薯蓣皂甙元,以ＳｙｍｍｅｔｒｙＣ８柱为色谱柱,以Ｖ（乙腈）∶Ｖ（水）＝７５∶２５溶液为流动相,检测波长２０３ｎｍ,重复性较好,结果令人满意。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定穿山龙中的薯蓣皂甙元

利用超临界CO2萃取技术从穿山龙中提取薯蓣皂甙元,建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定穿山龙中薯蓣皂甙元的方法.采用Shim-pack CLC-ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为V(甲醇):V(水)=99:1,流速为1.0mL/min,UV检测波长为206 nm.在0.2～2.0 mg/mL范围内,薯蓣皂甙元峰面积与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9997.进行了高、中、低3个不同浓度的加标回收率测定,相应的回收率分别为101.5%,99.88%,98.45%,平均值99.94%,RSD为1.7%.     

黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的提取、纯化及其鉴定

以湖南浏阳的盾叶薯蓣为实验材料,从发酵时间、水解时间、抽提物的pH值、回流时间对盾叶薯蓣皂甙元提取率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,发酵时间24h,水解4h,回流时间为5h,抽提物pH值近中性时可获得最佳提取率。用硅胶层析加重结晶的方法对薯蓣皂甙元粗品进行了提纯,并对纯品的结构进行了初步鉴定。     

ASE-HPLC法测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的含量

采用ASE200快速溶剂萃取机提取技术和高效液相色谱法,测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的含量。确定了ASE200提取条件以及HPLC测定条件,以甲醇作为流动相,流速1mL/min,UV检测器,测定波长210nm,采用YWGC18柱(150mm×4.6mmi.d.,10μm)。测定皂甙元的线性范围为0.01～2.93g/L,r=0.9996,样品检出限为0.2mg/L,加标回收率为97.1%～99.8%,RSD=1.1%(n=7)。     

利用薯蓣皂甙元完整骨架合成偏诺皂甙元

报道了从薯蓣皂甙元合成偏诺皂甙元, 偏诺皂甙元是中药重楼的生物活性成分的甙元. 合成方法展现了利用资源性化合物的一个新策略, 即充分合理地利用起始原料的完整骨架和全部官能团的思想在转化薯蓣皂甙元成偏诺皂甙元的过程中得以实现. 合成的关键步骤是区域选择性转化胆甾-5-烯-16,22-二酮-3,26-二醇成为胆甾-5,16-二烯-22-酮-3,26-二醇. 此关键反应步骤也可用于cephalostatin 和 OSW-1的合成.     

薯蓣皂甙提取新工艺

盾叶薯蓣是一种常用的中草药,又名黄姜、火头根,是我国特有甾体激素类药源植物,也是世界上薯蓣皂甙元含量最高的资源植物[1].其所含薯蓣皂甙元具有增强性功能、抗衰老和治疗心血管疾病、保护肝脏、抑制癌细胞增殖、治疗骨质疏松等功效,是合成各种避孕药和甾体激素类药物的主要原料[2-3].     

利用薯蓣皂甙元完整骨架合成澳洲茄胺

澳洲茄胺1是中药龙葵生物活性成分澳洲茄碱和澳洲茄边碱的甙元, 具有抗肿瘤等生物活性. 利用薯蓣皂甙元的完整骨架, 以16-羟基甾体皂甙元的溴代开环反应为关键反应, 经9步反应, 以21%的总收率完成了澳洲茄胺1的合成.     

OH-radical induced degradation of hydroxybenzoic- and hydroxycinnamic acids and formation of aromatic products—A gamma radiolysis study

The OH-radical induced degradation of hydroxybenzoic acids (HBA), hydroxycinnamic acids (HCiA) and methoxylated derivatives, as well as of chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid was studied by gamma radiolysis in aerated aqueous solutions. Primary aromatic products resulting from an OH-radical attachment to the ring (hydroxylation), to the position occupied by the methoxyl group (replacement –OCH₃ by ?OH) as well as to the propenoic acid side chain of the cinnamic acids (benzaldehyde formations) were analysed by HPLC–UV and LC–ESI–MS. A comparison of the extent of these processes is given for 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid. For all cinnamic acids and derivatives benzaldehydes were significant oxidation products. With the release of caffeic acid from chlorogenic acid the cleavage of a phenolic glycoside could be demonstrated. Reaction mechanisms are discussed.     

芳香胺氰乙基化催化反应的研究进展

从催化剂的应用角度,总结了酸、路易斯酸、固体酸性氧化物、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、无机碱、有机碱以及由酸/路易斯酸、路易斯酸/路易斯酸、路易斯酸/路易斯碱等催化体系在催化芳香胺的氰乙基化反应中的应用进展,阐述了芳香胺的氰乙基化反应的酸催化和碱催化机理,并对芳香胺的氰乙基化反应的今后发展方向进行了展望。     

Sequential Thin-Layer Chromatography of 2,4-D and Related Compounds

Abstract

Separations and identification of carboxylic herbicidal substances such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and plant growth regulators such as benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, β-naphthaleneacetic acid, β-naphthoxyacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid have been made by sequential thin-layer chromatography on calcium sulphate layer with acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dioxan, propanol as solvents and bromophenol blue as detector.     

Gold- and gold-palladium/poly(1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one) nanoclusters as quasi-homogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of glycerol

Glycerol was oxidized catalytically under aerobic conditions in the presence of monometallic nanoclusters of gold on poly(1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one) (PVP) to give hydroxymalonic acid (tartronic acid) as the major product, together with 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid (glyceric acid) and hydroxyacetic acid (glycolic acid) as minor products. In contrast, oxalic acid was selectively obtained when bimetallic Au-Pd:PVP nanoclusters were used as the catalyst.     

Direct enantiomeric TLC resolution of dl-penicillamine using (R)-mandelic acid and l-tartaric acid as chiral impregnating reagents and as chiral mobile phase additive

DL-Penicillamine has been resolved into its enantiomers by normal-phase TLC using L-tartaric acid as chiral impregnating reagent as well as chiral mobile phase additive, while (R)-mandelic acid has been found to be successful as a chiral impregnating reagent. The solvent system acetonitrile-methanol-water (5:1:1, v/v) was found to be successful when L-tartaric acid was used as impregnating agent while the solvent combination acetonitrile-methanol-(0.5% l-tartaric acid in water, pH 5)-glacial acetic acid (7:1:1.1:0.7, v/v) was successful as mobile phase as it contained L-tartaric acid as the chiral additive. (R)-mandelic acid was successful as chiral impregnating reagent with ethyl acetate-methanol-water (3:1:1, v/v), as the mobile phase. The effects of concentration of chiral selectors, temperature and pH were examined on enantiomeric resolution. The spots were detected with iodine vapors and the detection limits were found to be 0.12 microg for each enantiomer of penicillamine with L-tartaric acid, under both the conditions, and 0.11 microg with (R)-mandelic acid.     

Vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography of haloacetic acids on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin

A new and simple approach is described for the determination of the haloacetic acids (such as mono-, di- and trichloroacetic acids) usually found in drinking water as chlorination by-products after disinfection processes and acetic acid. The new approach, termed vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography, is based on an ion-exclusion mechanism but using the sample solution as the mobile phase, pure water as the injected sample, and a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column (TSKgel OApak-A) as the stationary phase. The addition of sulfuric acid to the mobile phase results in highly sensitive conductivity detection with sharp and well-shaped peaks, leading to excellent and efficient separations. The elution order was sulfuric acid, dichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and acetic acid. The separation of these acids depends on their pKa values. Acids with lower pKa values were eluted earlier than those with higher pKa, except for trichloroacetic acid due to a hydrophobic-adsorption effect occurring as a side-effect of vacancy ion-exclusion chromatography. The detection limits of these acids in the present study with conductivity detection were 3.4 microM for monochloroacetic acid, 0.86 microM for dichloroacetic acid and 0.15 microM for trichloroacetic acid.     

取代乙酸配体对乙炔二聚反应催化剂性能的影响

研究了取代乙酸配体作为Ｎｉｅｕｌａｎ催化剂对乙炔二聚反应性能的影响。结果表明，不同功能结构数目的影响，结果表明，不同功能结构数目的的氨羧配体均使催化剂的选择性提高。乙炔转化率略有下降，巯基乙酸配体的加入，则改变了乙炔二聚反应的机理，得到以乙醛为主的产物。     

Polydopamine‐coated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective solid‐phase extraction of cinnamic acid,ferulic acid and caffeic acid from radix scrophulariae sample

We describe novel cinnamic acid polydopamine‐coated magnetic imprinted polymers for the simultaneous selective extraction of cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid from radix scrophulariae sample. The novel magnetic imprinted polymers were synthesized by surface imprinting polymerization using magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as the support material, cinnamic acid as the template and dopamine as the functional monomer. The magnetic imprinted polymers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results revealed that the magnetic imprinted polymers had outstanding magnetic properties, high adsorption capacity, selectivity and fast kinetic binding toward cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, the extraction conditions of the magnetic imprinted polymers as a magnetic solid‐phase extraction sorbent were investigated in detail. The proposed imprinted magnetic solid phase extraction procedure has been used for the purification and enrichment of cinnamic acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid successfully from radix scrophulariae extraction sample with recoveries of 92.4–115.0% for cinnamic acid, 89.4–103.0% for ferulic acid and 86.6–96.0% for caffeic acid.     

钨酸催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸

以钨酸/有机酸性添加剂为催化体系, 在无有机溶剂、相转移剂的情况下, 催化30%过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸. 当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己烯∶过氧化氢＝1∶1∶40∶176(摩尔比, 钨酸用量为2.5 mmol)时, 使用有机酸性添加剂考察钨酸的催化性能, 结果表明以钨酸/间苯二酚催化氧化环己烯的催化效果最优, 反应8 h时己二酸分离产率达90.9%、纯度为～100%; 而不使用有机酸性添加剂时, 己二酸分离产率只有72.1%, 产品纯度为96.2%. 当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸、水杨酸为有机酸性添加剂时, 随反应时间的增加, 己二酸分离产率均升高, 但反应6 h以后, 己二酸分离产率随时间的变化不明显. 当磺酸水杨酸用量为2.5 mmol时, 己二酸分离产率和纯度均较高. 钨酸-磺酸水杨酸催化体系重复使用五次后, 己二酸分离产率仍可达到80.5%.     

Nachweis,Strukturaufklärung und Synthese bisher unbekannter Aminosäurekonjugate aus menschlichem Harn I

The conjugates of glycine with furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid and of picolinic acid as well as a conjugate of pyroglutamic acid with phenylacetic acid, previously unknown as natural metabolites, were detected to be normal metabolites in human urine.