铬铁矿中微量磷的快速测定

提出用孔雀绿－磷钼杂多酸吸光光度法测定铬铁矿中微量磷时,Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）产生的正干扰可用背景空白予以扣除。方法简便,无需分离,灵敏快速且重现性好。     

双波长分光光度法测定铝土矿中微量磷

建立了双波长分光光度法测定铝土矿中微量磷的方法。探讨并优化了测定波长、Mo(Ⅵ)和Mo(Ⅴ)浓度、显色酸度等条件,与国家标准分析方法对照,测定结果较满意,适用于二氧化硅含量小于45%的铝土矿石或硅酸盐中微量磷的测定。     

五氧化二钒中微量砷和磷的直接同时测定

提出了以数学校正扣除基体四价钒色泽对砷(磷)铋钼蓝色泽干扰的方法和校正磷对砷测定干扰的方法.应用于五氧化二钒中微量砷和磷的测定,结果准确、可靠.     

磷钼杂多酸-有机溶剂多元胶束络合物显色测定微量磷

研究发现,磷钼杂多酸与罗丹明B、丙酮、明胶、聚乙烯醇(PVA)形成的有机溶剂胶束包合络合物在592nm处显色。以试剂空白为参比,用以测定微量的磷,其表观摩尔吸光系数为2.0×105L·mol-1·cm-1。磷的质量浓度在0～0 40μg mL服从比尔定律,回归方程为A=0.256ρ 0.010,相关系数r=0.9991。吸光度相对误差在±5%以内,1000倍的Fe3 ,Al3 ;600倍的Mn2 ,Cd2 ;500倍的Cu2 ,Ni2 ;60倍的Cr3 对测定无干扰。该方法用于洗衣粉中微量磷的测定。     

直接荧光法和流动注射荧光法测定微量磷的研究

建立了利用罗丹明６Ｇ－磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物测定微量磷的直接荧光法和流动注射荧光法，最大激发光波长３５０ｎｍ，最大发射光波长５５５ｎｍ，流动注射荧光法保持直接荧光法灵敏度高、选择性好的优点，同时使测定更加简便、快速，用于测定铜合金、钢样、锰矿中微量磷获得满意结果。     

植酸中无机磷的极谱测定

本文研究了W-Sb-P三元杂多酸的极谱行为,并建立了微量磷的极谱测定方法。该方法有较高的灵敏度,可应用于植酸中无机磷的分析,可以不经分离直接测定。     

含砷的铁矿白钨矿中微量磷的测定

铁矿、白钨矿中常含有砷.光度法测定磷时,砷严重干扰.通常采用澳化物蒸排、氯化铵焙烧或萃取分离等手段消除干扰,手续烦杂.本文使用硫代硫酸钠和抗坏血酸联合抑制As~(5+)的影响,采用高灵敏度的磷钼杂多酸-孔雀绿-聚乙烯醇光度法测定含砷铁矿、白钨矿中微量磷.方法简捷、灵敏、重现性好,经生产应用结果令人满意.     

卡尔曼滤波分光光度法同时测定钢榈的硅,磷,砷

研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下，硅、磷、砷杂多酸与罗丹明６Ｇ形成离子缔合物的反应，建立了能同时测定硅、磷、砷的卡尔曼滤波分光光度法。用于钢样中微量硅、磷、砷的同时测定，操作简便快速，相对误差小于８％。     

磷砷共存时磷的快速测定

磷砷共存在某些钢材中.由于砷钼杂多酸形成条件与磷钼杂多酸形成条件相似,因此砷对磷的测定有干扰.目前采用的方法为消除砷测磷的干扰.普遍采用正丁醇-三氯甲烷萃取光度法.但萃取分离,只能解决低含量磷和砷的定量分离,不能解决高砷试样的测定.本法利用酒石酸抑制砷钼杂多酸的形成,以抗坏血酸为还原剂,磷钼蓝光度法测定,省略了分离步骤,方法简便快速,重现性和稳定性良好.     

钒钼黄分光光度法测定有机化合物中的微量磷

介绍了钒钼黄分光光度法测定有机化合物中微量磷的方法。有机磷经浓硫酸-硝酸氧化分解,转化为正磷酸。在一定酸度下,溶液中的磷与偏钒酸盐和钼酸盐作用,形成稳定的黄色三元杂多酸钒钼磷酸,再用分光光度法测定磷含量。     

ON THE NATURE OF SODIUM HYDROXYMETHANE SULFINATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Abstract

New data obtained on sodium hydroxymethane sulfinate in aqueous solution by voltammetry are presented, and discussed in relation to its chemistry. The most plausible explanation of the data would appear to be in terms of a tautomerism in solution, and such a thesis is compatible with the known behavior of this reducing agent.     

成核剂和促进剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯结晶的影响

研究了一种成核剂和结晶促进剂及其混合物对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）结晶过程和熔融行为的影响．结果表明,成核剂的引入降低了ＰＥＴ的结晶成核界面自由能,起到促进ＰＥＴ结晶成核的作用,从而加快了ＰＥＴ的结晶速度．而结晶促进剂对ＰＥＴ的结晶速度影响很小,不能促进ＰＥＴ的成核结晶,但能使ＰＥＴ结晶更完善,使ＰＥＴ的结晶度提高．当两者并用时,ＰＥＴ由熔体降温的结晶行为主要由成核剂控制,而成核促进剂的作用不明显．     

光生电子和由还原剂提供的电子在卤化银颗粒中性能的比较

本文研究了光生电子和还原剂提供的电子在卤化银晶体中的行为。光灰化和还原剂灰化生成的灰雾中心的位置不同。光灰化时灰雾中心优先在卤化银颗粒内部形成,表明光生电子可以直接进入卤化银晶体的导带。还原灰化时内部灰雾中心只有在灰化剂量足够多时才形成,而且滞后于表面灰雾中心的形成,表明还原剂提供的电子虽然可以进入卤化银的导带,但它们进入导带的方式与光生电子不同。     

CONDITIONS OF ORGANOSOL FORMATION FROM METAL SOAPS IN HIGHER ALCOHOLS AND THE SHAPE OF THE DISPERSED PARTICLES

Seven bivalent metal soaps and six trivalent metal soaps were prepared from the various kinds of fatty acids. Upon heating metal soap suspensions in organic solvents, organosols of metal oxides were formed and they showed the special characteristics in color. The scanning electron microscopic examination of the organosol particles showed the spherical, cubic, or irregular shape of 0.3~3.0 μm size. The shape and size of the particles were affected by the type of netal, the concentration of soaps, heating temperature, and the presence of a reducing agent. No relationship between the particles size of organosol and the carbon number of metal soaps was observed in this study. The stable organosol of monodispersed particles were successfully formed upon heating from Co, Mn and Fe metal soaps in 1-decanol containing a reducing agent.     

PHOTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF OXAZINE, THIAZINE AND SELENAZINE DYES. THE REACTIVITY OF PROTOLYTIC TRIPLET FORMS IN ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

Abstract— The photoreduction of oxonine, thionine and selenine with the reducing agent allylthiourea was investigated by flash photolysis. The oxonine triplet state was produced by triplet-triplet energy transfer with 9,10-dibromoanthracene as donor. For all three dyes the rate constant of the electron transfer is considerably higher for the acid triplet form than that of the corresponding reaction of the basic triplet form. It is shown that the higher reactivity of the acid triplet can be related to its higher reduction potential which is available from the difference of the pK values of triplet and semiquinone of the dye.     

硅酸胶凝过程的显微研究

本文用不同浓度的盐酸酸化单硅酸钠溶液。硅酸胶凝过程中亚微观结构的变化通过显微录象和扫描电镜进行观察。结果发现,在碱性溶液中硅酸的胶凝过程分成三步。     

MEASUREMENT OF FORMAL POTENTIALS FOR HYPERICIN IN DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE

The formal potentials for hypericin are measured in dimethylsulfoxide using cyclic voltammetry. Two reversible one-electron reductions and a more poorly defined multielectron oxidation are observed. The formal potentials for these processes are consistent with the visible spectrum of hypericin and they indicated that hypericin is both a good oxidizing agent and a good reducing agent in the excited state.     

聚合物结晶成核剂作用的表征方法的比较和研究

用聚合物的等速降温过程的结晶温度，等温结晶过程的半结晶时间（ｔ１／２）或结晶速度常数（Ｋ），结晶过程的晶核密度或球晶尺寸大小和聚合物结晶成核界面自由能（σσｅ或σｅ）大小等方法描述了碳酸钙、对苯二甲酸、苯甲酸钠对聚丙烯成核结晶过程的影响．通过对不同方法的比较，结果表明不同方法是从不同角度来反映助剂对聚合物成核结晶过程的影响，聚合物结晶温度的高低和等温结晶过程的半结晶时间或结晶速度常数是描述聚合物整体结晶速度的参数；而聚合物结晶过程中晶核密度或结晶完了时聚合物球晶尺寸，和聚合物结晶成核界面自由能大小与聚合物的成核难易程度直接相关，是判断聚合物结晶成核速度的方法．但不同方法之间存在一定的相关性，所以用不同方法测定的结果之间有较好的可比性，可根据具体条件选用一种方法．多种方法的配合使用可以较全面的了解成核剂的作用．     

THE EFFECT OF EMULSION COMPOSITION OF ASA ON SIZING PERFORMANCE IN THE PAPER WEB

Effects of emulsifying chemicals and emulsion aging on the sizing performance of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) were investigated. The emulsifying chemicals were nonionic and anionic surfactants and cationic starches. Image analysis in emulsion quality control was applied. It was found that the use of surfactants may deteoriate remarkably the sizing efficiency if the surfactant and its dosage is not carefully chosen. The need for surfactants in emulsification was affected by the properties of ASA and the mixing energy available. The act of cationic starch both as an effective stabilizer and as a retention agent in ASA-sizing systems was established.     

溶液中聚电解质分子内激态缔合体的形成

采用荧光分光光度法,实验测定了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠在无盐和有盐的水溶液中,单体和激态缔合体的荧光发射光谱.结果表明:激态缔合体单体发射强度比I_E/I_M随外加盐种类、浓度和价态而变化.在相同盐浓度下,各体系的I_E/I_M次序为:KCl>NaCl>LiCl和CaCl_2>MgCl_2。 也研究了NaCl水溶液中聚电解质分子的荧光猝灭.结果表明:随外加盐浓度逐渐增大,聚电解质分子由类棒状向无规线团状转化,该状态有利于激态缔合体的形成.