结晶紫-苯唑西林的共振瑞利散射光谱及应用

在pH 8.71的Tris-HCI缓冲介质中,结晶紫(CV)与苯唑西林(OXA)结合,使体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)急剧增强并出现新的RRS光谱,最大共振瑞利散射峰位于380nm处,苯唑西林的浓度在0.08～0.8μg·mL-1范围内与散射强度(△1RRS)成良好的线性关系,据此建立了测定苯唑西林的共振瑞利散射法,检出...     

苯唑西林与维多利亚蓝B的共振瑞利散射光谱及应用

在pH 9.54时,苯唑西林的水解产物与维多利亚蓝B形成紫红色的离子缔合物,使体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,在最大散射波长366 nm处,苯唑西林的浓度在0~6.0μg/mL范围内与散射强度(△IRRS)成良好的线性关系,据此建立了测定苯唑西林的共振瑞利散射法,检出限为0.039μg/mL。该方法可用于苯唑西林药物及人体尿液中苯唑西林含量的测定。     

碱性三苯甲烷染料共振瑞利散射法测定藻酸钠

在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,藻酸钠(SA)能与某些碱性三苯甲烷染料如乙基紫(EV)、结晶紫(CV)和甲基紫(MV)结合而使共振瑞利散射(RRS)急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱。当藻酸钠浓度为0.018~4.0 mg/L(EV-SA体系)、0.12~2.0 mg/L(CV-SA体系)、0.17~2.5 mg/L(MV-SA体系)时与散射强度呈直线关系,方法具有较高的灵敏度,对于不同体系,其检出限(3σ)在5.2~48.0μg/L之间。以最灵敏的乙基紫体系为例研究了共存物质的影响,表明方法选择性好。方法用于海带提取液中藻酸钠的测定,结果满意。     

呋塞米-Pd(Ⅱ)螯合物与某些碱性三苯甲烷类染料相互作用的共振瑞利散射和共振非线性散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH4.5～7.0的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,呋塞米(FUR)与Pd(Ⅱ)形成1:1的螯合阴离子,它能进一步与乙基紫(EV)、结晶紫(CV)、甲基绿(MeG)、亮绿(BG)、甲基紫(MV)等碱性三苯甲烷染料(BTPMD)阳离子通过静电引力和疏水作用形成FUR:Pd(II):BTPMD为1:1:1的离子缔合物.此时,该离子缔合反应不仅能引起吸收光谱的变化,而且更能导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)的显著增强,其最大RRS波长分别位于324nm(EV,CV和MV体系)和340nm(BG和MeG体系),最大SOS波长分别位于550nm(EV,CV,BG和MeG体系)和530nm(MV体系),而最大FDS波长均位于392nm附近.在一定条件下三种散射增强(ΔIRRS,ΔISOS和ΔIFDS)均与呋塞米(FUR)的浓度成正比.对不同染料体系,三种方法对FUR的检出限分别在0.3～4.9ng/mL(RRS),3.2～33.1ng/mL(SOS)和9.0～85.7ng/mL(FDS)之间,均可用于痕量FUR的测定.本文研究了三元离子缔合物的形成对吸收,RRS,SOS和FDS光谱特征和强度的影响,考察了适宜的反应条件、影响因素和分析化学性质,并以RRS法为例考察了共存物质的影响.据此提出了一种高灵敏度、简便、快速测定FUR的共振光散射新方法,将其用于片剂、注射液、人血清和尿样中FUR的测定,结果满意.文中还对三元离子缔合物的组成、结构和反应机理进行了讨论.     

乙基紫探针共振瑞利散射法测定头孢硫脒

建立了测定痕量头孢硫脒(CEFA)的共振瑞利散射(RRS)法。在稀NaOH溶液中,头孢硫脒与乙基紫(EV)结合,使体系的RRS急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,最大共振光散射峰位于波长341nm处,头孢硫脒的质量浓度在0.094~0.70mg/L范围与散射强度(△IRRS)呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3Sb/K)为0.075mg/L。该方法可用于人体血液及市售药物中头孢硫脒的测定。     

碱性三苯甲烷染料褪色分光光度法测定藻酸钠

在弱酸性的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,藻酸钠与乙基紫、结晶紫和甲基紫等三苯甲烷碱性染料发生反应,形成结合产物使染料发生褪色,且对于不同的染料,最大褪色波长分别为594 nm(乙基紫体系)、584 nm(结晶紫、甲基紫体系)、616 nm(孔雀石绿体系)。藻酸钠浓度分别在0~5.0 mg/L(乙基紫、甲基紫体系)0、~3.0 mg/L(结晶紫体系)0、~2.0 mg/L(孔雀石绿体系)范围内符合比耳定律;摩尔吸光系数根据染料的不同在3.6×105~4.8×106L.mol-1.cm-1之间,其中以乙基紫体系最灵敏,对藻酸钠的检出限为29 ng/mL。以乙基紫体系为例研究了共存物质的影响。此法灵敏度高,选择性好,用于含藻酸钠的可立凝样品的分析测定,结果满意。     

玫瑰精B光度法测定苯唑西林的含量

在pH=9.13的Tris-HCl缓冲体系中,玫瑰精B可与苯唑西林反应生成浅粉红色离子缔合物,产生两个明显的褪色峰.其最大褪色波长分别位于578 nm和494nm,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为8.70×104L/(mol·cm)和5.20×104L/(mol·cm).苯唑西林的浓度在0～0.6 mg/L范围内与溶液的褪...     

HgCl2-头孢噻肟螯合阴离子与碱性三苯甲烷类染料相互作用的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

在pH为5.3～6.8的Britton-Robinson(BR) 缓冲溶液中, 头孢噻肟钠(CFTM)与HgCl2形成摩尔比为1∶1的螯合阴离子, 它能进一步与结晶紫、甲基紫、乙基紫、亮绿、碘绿、甲基绿和孔雀石绿等碱性三苯甲烷类染料反应形成三元离子缔合物, 导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)的显著增强. 最大RRS峰分别位于367, 367, 340, 367, 340, 340和340 nm附近, 在一定的CFFM质量浓度范围内散射强度与头孢噻肟钠的浓度均呈良好的线性关系. 用结晶紫、甲基紫、乙基紫、亮绿、碘绿、甲基绿和孔雀石绿体系测定头孢噻肟钠的线性范围和检出限(3σ) 分别为0.0090～3.5 μg/mL和2.7 ng/mL, 0.0092～3.5 μg/mL和2.8 ng/mL, 0.013～3.5 μg/mL和4.0 ng/mL, 0.010～3.5 μg/mL和3.1 ng/mL, 0.011～3.5 μg/mL和3.4 ng/mL, 0.012～4.0 μg/mL和3.5 ng/mL以及0.016～3.5 μg/mL和4.7 ng/mL, 其中以结晶紫体系灵敏度最高. 研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素, 对离子缔合物的组成和离子缔合反应机理进行了探讨, 考察了共存物质的影响, 表明方法有良好的选择性, 据此发展了用HgCl2和碱性三苯甲烷类染料的灵敏、简便、快速测定痕量头孢噻肟钠的新方法.     

茜素红-镧-左氧氟沙星体系的共振瑞利散射及共振非线性散射光谱研究及应用

在pH6.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲液中,茜素红-镧与左氧氟沙星(LVFX)形成三元配合物,导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)均增强,光谱最大散射波长分别位于314 nm、570 nm和285 nm,对于RRS在0.02～1.2 mg/L、SOS在0.01～1.0 mg/L和FDS在0.01～1.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,LVFX的检出限分别为4.00μg/L(RRS法)、9.16μg/L(SOS法)和4.42μg/L(FDS法),据此建立了灵敏的测定左氧氟沙星的共振线性和非线性光散射分析法。并以RRS法考察了茜素红-镧-左氧氟沙星体系的反应条件、影响因素等。方法可用于片剂、胶囊中左氧氟沙星的测定,同时以标准加入法对尿样和血样进行了分析。     

酸性铬兰K-OP-牛血清白蛋白体系的共振瑞利散射及共振非线性散射光谱研究及应用

在pH 3.2的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-HCl缓冲液中,酸性铬兰K(ACBK)-OP与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)形成三元离子缔合物,导致共振瑞利散射(RRS)、二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(FDS)的显著增强,光谱最大散射波长分别位于420,678和340nm。体系的光散射强度与BSA浓度在一定范围内呈线性增强,RRS在0~3.5 mg/L,SOS在0~3 mg/L,FDS在0~3 mg/L范围内对BSA的检出限分别为0.3,0.7和0.8μg/L,据此建立了测定BSA的共振线性(RRS)和共振非线性光散射(RNLS)分析法。以RRS法考察了酸性铬兰K-OP与白蛋白形成三元缔合物的适宜条件、影响因素等。方法可用于合成样品及血清样品中蛋白含量的测定。     

Resonance Rayleigh scattering method for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium with iodide-basic triphenylmethane dye systems

In dilute phosphoric acid solution, cadmium (II) reacts with a large excess of I- to form [CdI4]2- which reacts further with basic triphenylmethane dyes such as crystal violet (CV), ethyl violet (EV), methyl violet (MV), brilliant green (BG) or malachite green (MG) to form an ion-association complex. This results in a significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity and the appearance of new RRS spectra. The characteristics of RRS spectra of the ion-association complexes, the influencing factors and the optimum conditions of these reactions have been investigated. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of cadmium from 0 to 60 ng mL(-1) for EV and MV systems, 0 to 80 ng mL(-1) for CV system, and 0 to 100 ng mL(-1) for BG and MG systems. The methods exhibit high sensitivities and the detection limits for cadmium are between 0.35 and 2.00 ng mL(-1) depending on the different reaction systems. The new RRS method was applied to the direct determination of traces of cadmium in pure zinc and synthetic water samples.     

Resonance Rayleigh scattering method for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium with iodide-basic triphenylmethane dye systems

In dilute phosphoric acid solution, cadmium (II) reacts with a large excess of I^– to form [CdI₄]^2– which reacts further with basic triphenylmethane dyes such as crystal violet (CV), ethyl violet (EV), methyl violet (MV), brilliant green (BG) or malachite green (MG) to form an ion-association complex. This results in a significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity and the appearance of new RRS spectra. The characteristics of RRS spectra of the ion-association complexes, the influencing factors and the optimum conditions of these reactions have been investigated. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of cadmium from ¶0 to 60 ng mL^–1 for EV and MV systems, 0 to 80 ng mL^–1 for CV system, and 0 to 100 ng mL^–1 for BG and MG systems. The methods exhibit high sensitivities and the detection limits for cadmium are between 0.35 and 2.00 ng mL^–1 depending on the different reaction systems. The new RRS method was applied to the direct determination of traces of cadmium in pure zinc and synthetic water samples.     

The interaction between furosemide-palladium (II) chelate and basic triphenylmethane dyes by resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra and resonance non-linear scattering spectra and their analytical applications

In pH 4.5–7.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, furosemide (FUR) reacted with Pd (II) to form a 1:1 anionic chelate. This chelate could further react with such basic triphenylmethane dyes (BTPMD) as ethyl violet (EV), crystal violet (CV), methyl violet (MV), methyl green (MeG) and brilliant green (BG) to form 1:1 ion-association complexes. This not only resulted in the change of absorption spectra, but also led to the significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS). The maximum RRS wavelengths were located at 324 nm for the EV, CV and MV system, and 340 nm for the BG and MeG system. The maximum SOS wavelengths were located at 550 nm for the EV, CV, BG and MeG system, and 530 nm for the MV system. The maximum scattering peaks of all the systems were at 392 nm for FDS. The enhanced RRS, SOS and FDS intensities were directly proportional to the concentration of FUR. The detection limits for the different dye systems were 0.3–4.9 ng mL^?1 for the RRS method, 3.2–33.1 ng mL^?1 for the SOS method and 9.0–85.7 ng mL^?1 for the FDS method. These methods could be used for the determination of trace amounts of FUR. The effects of the formation of ternary ion-association complexes on the spectral characteristics and intensities of absorption, RRS, SOS and FDS have been investigated. The optimum conditions of these reactions, the influencing factors and the analytical properties have been tested. The influences of coexisting substances were tested by RRS method and the results showed that this method exhibited a high sensitivity. Based on the aforementioned research, the highly sensitive, simple and rapid methods for the determination of trace amounts of FUR by resonance light scattering technique have been established, which could be applied to the determination of FUR in tablet, injection, human serum and urine samples. The composition and structure of the ternary ion-association complex and the reaction mechanism were discussed.     

甲基紫硫酸软骨素共振瑞利散射光谱及其应用

在Britton-Robinson缓冲介质(pH9.37)中硫酸软骨素与甲基紫反应形成离子缔合物时,共振瑞利散射(RRS)强度会明显增强,其最大RRS峰位于505和661 nm处。本文对反应的最佳条件、影响因素、硫酸软骨素浓度与RRS强度的关系进行了研究,建立起一种快速、简便、灵敏的测定硫酸软骨素的方法。本法在661和505 nm测定波长处的线性范围均为:0.15~0.90 mg/L,其检出限分别为0.019 mg/L(505 nm)和0.043mg/L(661 nm)。该法应用于针剂中硫酸软骨素的测定,结果满意。     

呋塞米-Pd(Ⅱ)-碱性三苯甲烷染料反应体系的吸收光谱及分析应用

在pH为5.0~7.6的Britton-Robinson(BR)缓冲溶液中,呋塞米(FUR)与Pd(Ⅱ)形成摩尔比1∶1的配合物,进一步与乙基紫(EV)、结晶紫(CV)、甲基紫(MV)、亮绿(BG)、甲基绿(MeG)等碱性三苯甲烷染料(BTPMD)作用形成1∶1的离子缔合物时,染料发生褪色反应,褪色波长分别位于595 nm(EV、CV体系)、580 nm(MV体系)、615 nm(BG体系)和630 nm(MeG体系),FUR浓度在2.0×10-7~4.0×10-6 g/mL(EV体系)、3.0×10-7~8.0×10-6 g/mL(CV体系)、4.0×10-7~4.0×10-6 g/mL(MV体系)、4.0×10-7~7.0×10-6 g/mL(BG体系)、1.2×10-6~8.0×10-6 g/mL(MeG体系)范围内与褪色波长处的吸光度变化值呈良好的线性关系,摩尔吸光系数(ε)根据染料的不同在0.57×104~3.40×104 L/(mol·cm)之间,灵敏度最高的EV体系的检出限(3σ)为6.0×10-8 g/mL,据此建立一种测定呋塞米的新分光光度法。 研究了适宜的反应条件、分析化学性质和共存物质的影响,用于尿样中呋塞米的含量测定,回收率在96.0%~106.8%之间。     

〔I2Br〕- 与某些碱性三芳基甲烷染料的水相显色反应及其应用于碘的分光光度测定

研究〔I2Br〕-络阴离子与乙基紫、结晶紫、维多利亚蓝4R等碱性三芳基甲烷染料在聚乙烯醇存在下的离子缔合反应的条件、分光光度特征和分析化学性质。结果表明,在稀磷酸介质中,当形成上述离子缔合络合物时,溶液均发生明显的颜色变化。不同染料体系的摩尔吸光系数在2.6×104～6.2×104L*mol-1*cm-1之间,以乙基紫体系灵敏度最高。碘离子浓度在0～1.6mg/L（乙基紫体系）、0～1.4 mg/L（结晶紫体系）和0～0.8 mg/L(维多利亚蓝体系)符合比耳定律,可用于水相直接显色测定碘离子。方法也有良好的选择性,较大量的其他卤离子、一些无机酸根以及一定量的常见金属离子不干扰。用于海带、紫菜和黄豆中碘离子的测定,结果较为满意。     

共振瑞利散射法测定硫氰酸盐-碱性三苯甲烷染料体系中的痕量钼

研究了钼(Ⅴ)与硫氰酸盐和结晶紫、乙基紫、孔雀石绿、亮绿及碘绿等5种碱性三苯甲烷染料形成离子缔合配合物的共振瑞利散射光谱。考察了它们的光谱特征、影响因素和适宜的反应条件,确定了共振瑞利散射强度与钼(Ⅴ)浓度之间的关系。方法灵敏度高,不同体系对钼的检出限在2.1～12.0μg/L之间,提出了用共振瑞利散射测定钼的新分析方法,将其用于钢铁中痕量钼的测定获得满意的结果。     

Effects of interaction of folic acid with uranium (VI) and basic triphenylmethane dyes on resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra and their analytical applications

In pH 4.2-4.8 HAc-NaAc buffer solution, folic acid (FA) could react with uranium (VI) to form a 2:1 anionic chelate which further reacted with some basic triphenylmethane dyes (BTPMD) such as Ethyl Violet (EV), Methyl Violet (MV) and Crystal Violet (CV) to form 1:2 ion-association complexes. As a result, not only the absorption spectra were changed, but also the intensities of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) were enhanced greatly and the new RRS spectra were observed. The maximum RRS wavelengths were located at 328 nm for EV system, 325 nm for MV system and 328 nm for CV system. The fading degree (ΔA) and RRS intensities (ΔI) of three systems were different. Under given conditions, the ΔA and ΔI were all directly proportional to the concentration of FA. The linear ranges and the detection limits of RRS methods were 0.0039-5.0 μg mL⁻¹ and 1.2 ng mL⁻¹ for EV system, 0.0073-4.0 μg mL⁻¹ and 2.2 ng mL⁻¹ for MV system, 0.014-3.5 μg mL⁻¹ and 4.7 ng mL⁻¹ for CV system. The RRS methods exhibited higher sensitivity, so they are more suitable for the determination of trace FA. The optimum conditions, the influencing factors and the effects of coexisting substances on the reaction were investigated. The method can be applied to the determination of FA in serum and urine samples with satisfactory results. The structure of the ternary ion-association complex and the reaction mechanism were discussed in this work.     

α1受体阻滞剂类药物与某些同多酸根的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用

在酸性介质中,钼酸根、钨酸根等同多酸根与盐酸哌唑嗪(PRH)和甲磺酸多沙唑嗪(Dox)等α1受体阻滞剂反应形成离子缔合物时,会导致体系的共振瑞利散射(RRS)显著增强并出现新的RRS光谱,最大散射峰分别位于367 nm(钼酸根体系)和290 nm(钨酸根体系)。 PRH和Dox与同多酸根的反应产物具有相似的RRS光谱特征。 其反应的适宜酸度分别为pH值2.1～2.3(钼酸根-PRH体系)和pH值3.1～3.3(钨酸根-PRH体系)。 在一定浓度范围内,不同的反应体系RRS强度增强程度与药物浓度成正比,均可用于痕量药物的测定。 反应具有很高的灵敏度,不同同多酸对PRH的检出限(3σ/s)分别为4.76 μg/L(钼酸根-PRH体系)和9.88 μg/L(钨酸根-PRH体系)。 方法也具有较好的选择性,用于片剂和人尿液中的α1受体阻滞剂的测定,结果满意。 此外,本文还应用计算化学软件Gaussview3.07和Gaussian03W,采用密度泛函法,在B3LYP/6-31G基组水平上计算了盐酸哌唑嗪的电荷分布,对反应机理和RRS增强的原因进行了讨论。