电感耦合等离子体质谱在同位素分析中的研究进展

综述了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS)在同位素分析方面的应用和最新进展,着重介绍了多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS),等离子体飞行时间质谱仪(ICP-TOF-MS),激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS),扇形磁场电磁双聚焦电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-SF-MS).     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法痕量成分定值技术研究进展

综述了近年来国内外电感耦合等离子体质谱法痕量成分定值技术研究的新进展,包括电感耦合等离子体质谱的仪器种类、技术特性、应用范围和发展现状。论述了同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱研究的发展状况以及在化学计量研究领域的重要地位。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定菜园土壤中微量镉

用电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法,测定了菜园土壤中微量镉的含量。土壤样品中加入一定量的112Cd富集同位素试剂后,用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸预消解后再经微波消解,冷却后样品溶液在130℃蒸发近干,然后加入硼酸1 mL,以硝酸(2+98)溶液定容至20 mL,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定溶液中的同位素比值R(112Cd/111Cd),用同位素稀释法计算出样品中镉的含量。试验对仪器参数1、12Cd富集同位素试剂的加入量、质量歧视因素、仪器死时间及同量异位素和多原子离子峰的干扰等因素对测定产生的影响进行了试验和校正。在优化的条件下测定了土壤标准物质(GBW 07423)中镉的含量,测定值与标准值相符。     

茶叶和蔬菜中铅的同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱的测定

采用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-ICP-MS)法测定了铅的含量,通过对茶叶标准物质(GBW-07605)中铅的测定,考察了方法的准确度和精密度,比较了同位素稀释法与普通外标定量法的测定结果。在5mLHNO3～0.5mLHF～1mLH2O2的消解体系中,ID-ICP-MS法测量茶叶中铅的回收率可达97.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.2%。实验对市售的12种茶叶和10种蔬菜中Pb进行测定,铅含量符合相应国家标准的样品分别占总样品数的83%和90%。该法适合于植物样品中微量铅的测定。     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定环境和生物样品中的镉

应用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱（ID—ICP—MS）对环境和生物样品茶叶、湖沉积物和人发标准物质中的镉进行测定研究。对电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）的工作条件和参数进行了最优化。讨论了多原子离子和同量异位素对镉同位素比值的影响，通过天然镉标准溶液对质量歧视进行了校正，并优化同位素稀释剂的加入量。将该方法应用于茶叶、人发和沉积物标准物质的测定。     

质谱的无机痕量分析进展

概述了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、激光电离质谱(LIMS)和共振电离质谱(RIMS)、火花源质谱(SSMS)、辉光放电质谱(GDMS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)、热电离同位素稀释质谱法(ID-TIMS)等无机质谱分析方法的基本原理、方法特点和应用进展,概括了ICE-MS和IDMS方法的优缺点;采用溶液进样的ICP-MS和TIMS稀释法,给出的测量结果不确定度要高于固体进样的质谱法。     

同位素质谱和无机质谱

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“同位素质谱和无机质谱”的第三次评述，评述的范围是１９９２年１１月至１９９４年１０月我国同位素质谱和无机质谱的进展。内容包括同位素质谱，同位素稀释质谱，二次离子质谱，离子探针，电感耦合等离子体质谱，激光电离质谱，加速器质谱、火花源质谱和它们在同位素地质年代学、同位素地球化学、核科学、农业、医学、环境学、计量学等学科中的应用。引用文献２５９篇．     

同位素质谱和无机质谱

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“同位素质谱和无机质谱”的第四篇评述，评述的范围是１９９４年１１月至１９９６年１０月我国气体同位素质谱，热电离同位素质谱，加速器质谱，火花源质谱，电感耦合等离子体质谱，辉光放电质谱，同位素稀释质谱，二次离子质谱，激光共振电离子飞行时间质谱，电子探针，质子探针，激光探针和它们在地学，核科学，环境科学，材料学，计理学，医学和生命科学中的应用，引用文献１４９篇。     

同位素稀释-激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物组织样品中铁元素的含量

针对目前采用同位素稀释-激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-LA-ICP-MS)对固体生物组织切片样品难以实现原位准确定量的难题,本研究将同位素稀释法与LA-ICP-MS技术相结合,通过开展生物组织样品与浓缩稀释剂的同位素充分交换平衡、稀释剂添加方式、原位的同位素比测量等关键技术研究,确定了组织切片与同位素稀释剂的最佳平衡时间、稀释剂的质量以及选用甲醇作为稀释剂溶剂等实验条件,建立了基于同位素稀释技术的LA-ICP-MS技术在生物样品组织切片中Fe元素的微区定量分析方法,并采用实验室自行制备的均匀的山羊脑和牛肝组织切片标准样品对方法进行了验证,通过ID-LA-ICP-MS方法的测量结果与微波消解-同位素稀释方法的测量结果相一致,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。本方法可进一步应用于临床中生物组织切片样品中金属元素的原位、微区定量测量及成像分析。     

流动注射同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钐

提出了一种利用流动注射同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱测定地质样品中钐的方法。在采样体积为300μL的条件下，该法灵敏度较连续雾化进样提高了近4倍，分析速度为60样／min，检出限为0．42μg/L。     

Chromatographic methods for the quantification of free and chelated gadolinium species in MRI contrast agent formulations

Speciation measurements of gadolinium in liposomal MRI contrast agents (CAs) are complicated by the presence of emulsifiers, surfactants, and therapeutic agents in the formulations. The present paper describes two robust, hyphenated chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of gadolinium in nanoemulsion-based CA formulations. Three potential species of gadolinium, free gadolinium ion, gadolinium chelated by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and gadolinium chelated by 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were present in the CA formulations. The species were separated by reversed-phase chromatography (reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC) or by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). For RP-HPLC, fluorescence detection and post-column online isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) were used to measure the amount of gadolinium in each species. Online ID-ICP-MS and species-specific isotope dilution (SID)-ICP-MS were used in combination with the HPSEC column. The results indicated that some inter-species conversions and degradation had occurred within the samples and that SID-ICP-MS should be used to provide the most reliable measurements of total and speciated gadolinium. However, fluorescence and online ID-ICP-MS might usefully be applied as qualitative, rapid screening procedures for the presence of free gadolinium ions.     

The determination of lead in blood using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) was applied to the certification of Pb in four levels of NIST blood SRM, 955a. This standard reference material (SRM) represents a significant improvement over the previous blood reference material and will greatly aid method development. The lowest level, 47.76 ng/g Pb was determined with analysis uncertainty (95% CI, ID-ICP-MS uncertainties) of less than 1% and the highest level, 517.9 ng/g Pb to 0.3%. Uncertainty in the lowest level was due to sample inhomogeneity and variability in the analytical blank as the RSD on ratio measurements was typically better than 0.2%. Properly applied isotope dilution coupled with careful isotope ratio measurements on the ICP-MS offers precision and accuracy for blood Pb analyses beyond what is currently obtainable with routine methods.     

Alternative approach to post column online isotope dilution ICP-MS

An alternative post column online double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) method was developed. The resulting equation allows a straightforward calculation of the mass concentration of the analyte in the sample from the measured isotope ratio chromatogram. The use of a balance to determine and monitor the mass flow of the spike and a solution of the species under investigation as the reference are the two core components of this new method. Changes in the viscosity of the system eluent-analyte-spike will not affect the results due to the direct determination of the mass flow rate. The use of the species under investigation as the reference makes the method independent of the injected volume. To simplify matters, the integration of the isotope ratio chromatogram was done with Excel using Simpson's rule instead of sophisticated programs for transformation and integration. The advantages of the new approach were demonstrated with the help of the determination of selenomethionine in the selenized yeast reference material SELM-1 with liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS (HPLC ID-ICP-MS) applying the new online double IDMS method.     

同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析降尘中铂族元素

选取(195)Pt和(108)Pd为待测同位素,(196)pt和(105)Pd为富集同位素,同位素稀释电感耦合等离子质谱法(ID-ICP-MS)测定降尘样品中(195)Pt/(196)Pt和(108)Pd/(105)Pd比值,分析样品中Pt和Pd含量.利用Dowex AG50W-8阳离子交换和N-苯甲酰-N苯基羟胺(B...     

同位素稀释等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量硼

建立了同位素稀释等离子体质谱法（ID—ICP—MS）测定地质样品中痕量硼的方法。采用减压排空色谱柱分离样品中的大量基体，以减少基体效应的影响，具有试剂用量少、分离速度快、效果好等特点。对两个标准物质GSD-4和GSD-8的测定结果表明，其与参考值吻合得较好，相对偏差均小于6％。3个不同样品的测定结果表明，该方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。     

Determination of (187)Os in molybdenite by ICP-MS with neutron-induced (186)Os and (188)Os spikes

The article describes a method for the determination of (187)Os in molybdenite by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) with neutron-induced (186)Os and (188)Os spike. The spike used in the present work was prepared in line with the principle by which artificial nuclides are produced in a nuclear reaction. The concentration and isotopic composition of osmium in the prepared spike were evaluated accurately with the isotope dilution method, using negative thermal ion mass spectrometry (N-TIMS). The advantage of this method is that using (186)Os and (188)Os double spikes can effectively compensate for the mass discrimination effects of ICP-MS. Thus, the common correction practice for mass bias in the isotope dilution method with a single spike is unnecessary. In addition, the method enables one to reduce the determined error arising from instrumental instability. The precision for the (187)Os/((186)Os+(188)Os) ratio was approximately 2% (2sigma, RSD), but in the case of (187)Os/(186)Os, (187)Os/(188)Os and (186)Os/(188)Os, precision ranged from 2.0 to 8% (2sigma, RSD). The results for (187)Os concentration in a molybdenite sample determined with this method showed good agreement with reference values.     

高效液相色谱-同位素稀释-电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究大鼠体内的汞结合蛋白

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术,对经胚胎早期甲基汞暴露的母、仔鼠脑胞液和肝胞液中汞结合蛋白进行了研究。采用柱后(Post-Column)同位素稀释法(ID)技术定量计算了母、仔鼠组织胞液中与蛋白结合的汞。HPLC-ID-ICP-MS方法的汞回收率与直接ICP-IDMS法的实验结果一致。该方法可以克服生物样品微量元素化合物分析中灵敏度低和标准蛋白不足的缺点,有利于生物体内低丰度金属结合蛋白的分离分析和定量研究。     

Characterization of sealed radioactive sources: uncertainty analysis to improve detection methods

A radioactive ¹³⁷Cs source has been analyzed for the radioactive parent ¹³⁷Cs and stable decay daughter ¹³⁷Ba. The ratio of the daughter to parent atoms is used to estimate the date when Cs was purified prior to source encapsulation (an “age” since purification). The isotopes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after chemical separation. In addition, Ba was analyzed by isotope dilution ICP-MS (ID-ICP-MS). A detailed error analysis of the mass spectrometric work has been undertaken to identify areas of improvement, as well as quantifying the effect the errors have on the “age” determined. This paper reports an uncertainty analysis to identifying areas of improvement and alternative techniques that may reduce the uncertainties. In particular, work on isotope dilution using ICP-MS for the “age” determination of sealed sources is presented. The results will be compared to the original work done using external standards to calibrate the ICP-MS instrument.     

Determination of rhenium content in molybdenite by ICP-MS after separation of the major matrix by solvent extraction with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxalamine

A simple and rapid analytical method for determining the concentration of rhenium in molybdenite for Re-Os dating was developed. The method used isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) after the removal of major matrix elements (e.g., Mo, Fe, and W) from Re by solvent extraction with N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) in chloroform solution. The effect on extraction efficiency of parameters such as pH (HCl concentration), BPHA concentration, and extraction time were also assessed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the validity of the separation method was accessed by measuring ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁵Re values for a molybdenite reference material (JDC). The obtained values were in good agreement with previously measured values of the Re standard. The proposed method was applied to replicate Re-Os dating of JDC and seven samples of molybdenite from the Yuanzhuding large Cu-Mo porphyry deposit. The results demonstrate good precision and accuracy for the proposed method. The advantages of the method (i.e., simplicity, efficiency, short analysis time, and low cost) make it suitable for routine analysis.     

高效液相色谱-非特异性同位素稀释质谱联用技术定量分析全血中总血红蛋白含量

建立了基于同位素稀释(ID)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术, 通过测量血红蛋白(HGB)中铁(Fe)元素含量实现了全血中总HGB准确定量的策略. 该策略包括2种方法, 第一种方法为在线HPLC-ID-ICP-MS定量技术: 全血中HGB经液相色谱分离后, 通过柱后在线添加浓缩⁵⁴Fe同位素稀释剂的方式, 与液相色谱洗脱液经三通混合后进入ICP-MS在线测量⁵⁴Fe/⁵⁶Fe的同位素比值, 并根据同位素稀释质谱法公式及蛋白中Fe的含量计算HGB的浓度. 针对全血样品中存在的其它主要含铁蛋白[如转铁蛋白(Tf)], 在实现色谱完全分离的基础上, 通过在线优化改变⁵⁴Fe稀释剂流速实现了HGB和Tf的同时定量. 在另一种方法中, 先对全血样品进行消解并通过ID-ICP-MS测定其中Fe的总量, 然后根据全血样品的HPLC-ICP-MS分析结果, 通过计算HGB质谱峰面积占总峰面积的比值从而得到HGB中Fe含量占总Fe含量的比例, 实现了其中HGB的准确定量. 2种定量方法得到的结果分别为(115.3±2.4) mg/g和(115.5±2.1) mg/g, 结果吻合良好, 方法的检出限为1.0×10^?7 mg/g, 方法精密度RSD均<3%. 2种方法均经过HGB标准物质IRMM/IFCC-467进行验证, 测量结果在标准值不确定度范围之内, 可作为临床检验领域HGB分析的参考测量方法.