首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
利用低能量碰撞诱导解离(CID)技术对四棱草环肽C和四棱草环肽D的电喷雾电离串联质谱(ESIMS-MS)进行了研究.ESIMS可以确定环肽的分子量,根据多级质谱中逐次失去氨基酸残基的碎片离子可以确定环肽中氨基酸残基的连接顺序.氨基酸残基主要从酰氨键C端断裂失去,有时亦会从N端断裂失去氨基酸残基.  相似文献   

2.
王德心  韩香  龚喜  冯鹤鹤 《有机化学》2008,28(4):549-573
对环肽进行了分类, 并对具代表性的经典型、DKP (Diketopiperazine, 哌嗪二酮)型、醚桥型、烯桥型、单硫及多硫醚型、刚性桥型、仲(叔)胺型、Mannich碱型、联苯型及Freidinger型环肽的合成方法逐一进行了描述.  相似文献   

3.
新型含二硫键的环肽的合成   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
黄小毅  王涛  夏传琴  余孝其  谢如刚 《有机化学》2004,24(12):1629-1632
本实验设计从Boc-Glu-OH,Boc-Asp-OH的两个羧基出发,最后通过I2氧化两个半胱氨酸的巯基生成二硫键,得到一类新型含二硫键的环肽,该环肽通过1H NMR,MS等确定了其结构.  相似文献   

4.
骨架环肽是线性肽的C端和N端通过酰胺键进行首尾环合而形成的环状分子.研究者从细菌、真菌、植物和动物中发现了大量的骨架环肽.这种首尾环合的结构,使得骨架环肽具有很好的酶稳定性、热稳定性和化学稳定性,部分骨架环肽具有细胞膜通透性.骨架环肽分子异常的稳定性和高效的生物活性,使得其成为目前药物领域的研究热点.为了更深入地研究它们的结构和功能,骨架环肽的制备成为一个重要问题.概述了化学合成骨架环肽的一些方法,包括:(1)固相环合策略;(2)液相环合策略;(3)分子内自然化学连接策略,并对这些方法的特点和效率进行了讨论比较.  相似文献   

5.
梁妍钰  唐姗  郑基深 《化学进展》2014,(11):1793-1800
细胞穿透环肽能够穿透细胞膜,特异性地靶向细胞内靶标,并具有较好的体内稳定性,因而具备很好的成药性,并受到研究者越来越多的关注。目前,主要有两种方式获得细胞穿透环肽,即从天然产物中获得和对已有的环肽或线性肽进行化学修饰。本文主要对上述两方面进行简要综述,重点介绍两类细胞穿透环肽天然产物以及通过化学修饰方法得到细胞穿透环肽的策略,并探讨细胞穿透环肽的结构-活性关系及其细胞穿透机理。  相似文献   

6.
二茂铁类环肽的合成与分子识别研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
设计并合成了两个系列含二茂铁单元的1+1型和2+2型类环肽,用循环伏安法研究了1+1型二茂铁类环肽与含氧负离子和卤素负离子的包合作用。结果表明,类环肽能很好地识别这些常见的负离子。^1H NMR研究发现,类环肽对负离子的识别作用主要是通过类环肽酰胺键中氢与客体负离子形成分子间氢键实现的。  相似文献   

7.
唐敏  樊建芬  刘健  何梁君  何珂 《化学进展》2010,22(4):648-653
环肽分子通过主链骨架中C=O和N—H形成分子间网络氢键,以β-片层反平行方式堆积可形成中空管状结构。通过控制环肽的结构和尺寸,或修饰具有不同功能的基团,可获得多种结构和性能的肽纳米管。本文综述了环肽分子自组装成纳米管的应用研究成果。首先介绍了带合适疏水性侧链的环肽纳米管在模拟生物跨膜离子通道方面的实验和理论研究进展,重点论及环肽纳米管的结构、极性和侧链的疏水性等对离子通道传输行为的影响以及分子动力学(MD)模拟研究水通道的进展。进而介绍了环肽纳米管用作生物传感器模板,与功能性(如电性、光学性和磁性)纳米材料合成制备生物传感器的实验研究成果,接着介绍了环肽纳米管作为药物或药物载体潜在的应用前景,特别是在某些抗菌和抗感染药物开发设计中的应用以及环肽在不同极性环境中自组装过程微观机制的MD模拟研究,最后介绍了环肽纳米管作为模板,制备磁性、电性纳米材料方面的实验和理论研究进展。  相似文献   

8.
用硫酯法合成了一系列Tα1的C端活性片段的环肽类似物, 以提高其活性与稳定性. 用促淋巴细胞增殖法测定了环肽类似物的生物活性, 结果表明, 环肽类似物较好地保留或提高了促淋巴细胞增殖活性.  相似文献   

9.
将多肽链环化,进行构象限定,是改善肽的生物稳定性和生理活性的重要途径之一。近年来,以环肽为模型研究生物大分子和金属离子相互作用,模拟生物分子对金属离子的特异选择性逐渐引起人们的关注。本文从金属离子的不同类型出发,介绍了环肽对碱金属和碱土金属、过渡金属(Cu,Zn和Ni)、重金属、镧系金属离子识别作用的研究进展;重点讨论了环肽的环化结构对金属离子亲合力和选择性的影响;并简要评述了环肽识别作用研究所面临的挑战和运用前景。  相似文献   

10.
石竹科植物环肽研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文对石竹科植物环肽的研究概况进行了综述。  相似文献   

11.
Phase and structural relationships of the sulfur, selenium, and tellurium compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups IV to VII of the periodic system are discussed. Homologous elements behave very similarly with respect to the chalcogens, and this is particularly the case for niobium and tantalum, and for molybdenum and tungsten. However, zirconium, niobium, and molybdenum have a greater tendency towards formation of chalcogen-poor phases than their homologues hafnium, tantalum, and tungsten. Subchalcogenides are known only for zirconium and niobium. The number of phases and the tendency towards formation of solid solutions are considerably smaller among the tellurides than among the sulfides and selenides. The crystal structures of the telluride phases also differ from those of the sulfide and selenide phases of analogous composition. In addition, a review of the phase and structural relationships of the arsenic and antimony compounds of the 4d and 5d transition elements of groups V to VII is given.  相似文献   

12.
Bo  Xu  Yi-hu  Song  Yong-gang  Shang  Guan  郑强 《高分子科学》2006,(3):299-306
Melt extrusion was used to prepare binary nanocomposites of ethylene copolymers and organoclay and trinary nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene copolymer and organoclay. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the clay phase and the morphology of the nanocomposites. Influences of the comonomer in the copolymer and the content of the copolymer on the morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were discussed. The binary and the trinary composites may form intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the interaction between the copolymer and the clay layers and the content of the copolymer.  相似文献   

13.
We review the syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide (CdSe–ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we selected the syntheses of QDs and Au and Ag NPs in aqueous and organic phases, size- and shape-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and plasmon of metal NPs, and their bioimaging applications. The PL properties of QDs are discussed with reference to their band gap structure and various electronic transitions, relations of PL and photoactivated PL with surface defects, and blinking of single QDs. Optical properties of Ag and Au NPs are discussed with reference to their size- and shape-dependent surface plasmon bands, electron dynamics and relaxation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The bioimaging applications are discussed with reference to in vitro and in vivo imaging of live cells, and in vivo imaging of cancers, tumor vasculature, and lymph nodes. Other aspects of the review are in vivo deep tissue imaging, multiphoton excitation, NIR fluorescence and SERS imaging, and toxic effects of NPs and their clearance from the body. Figure Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles have extensive applications, e.g., in vitro and in vivo bioimaging Tamitake Itoh and Abdulaziz Anas contributed equally to this article.  相似文献   

14.
15.
PP/clay composites with different dispersions, namely, exfoliated dispersion, intercalated dispersion and agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, were prepared by direct melt intercalation or compounding. The effect of clay dispersion on the crystallization and morphology of PP was investigated via PLM, SAXS and DSC. Experimental results show that exfoliated clay layers are much more efficient than intercalated clay and agglomerates of clay in serving as nucleation agent due to the nano-scale dispersion of clay, resulting in a dramatic decrease in crystal size (lamellar thickness and spherulites) and an increase of crystallization temperature and crystallization rate. On the other hand, a decrease of melting temperature and crystallinity was also observed in PP/clay composites with exfoliated dispersion, due to the strong interaction between PP and clay. Compared with exfoliated clay layers, the intercalated clay layers have a less important effect on the crystallization and crystal morphology. No effect is seen for samples with agglomerates and particle-like dispersion, in regard to melting temperature, crystallization temperature, crystal thickness and crystallinity.  相似文献   

16.
The size, shape and controlled dispersity of nanoparticles play a vital role in determining the physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties attributing its applications in environmental, biotechnological and biomedical fields. Various physical and chemical processes have been exploited in the synthesis of several inorganic metal nanoparticles by wet and dry approaches viz., ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques. However, these methodologies remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern for the development of alternative environment friendly and sustainable methods. Increasing awareness towards green chemistry and biological processes has led to a necessity to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly procedures. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as plants, algae, and diatoms and heterotrophic human cell lines and some biocompatible agents have been reported to synthesize greener nanoparticles like cobalt, copper, silver, gold, bimetallic alloys, silica, palladium, platinum, iridium, magnetite and quantum dots. Owing to the diversity and sustainability, the use of phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents for the synthesis of nanomaterials is yet to be fully explored. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles by plants, aquatic autotrophs, human cell lines, biocompatible agents and biomolecules.  相似文献   

17.
Flash vacuum pyrolysis of phenylazonaphthols and nitrosonaphthols at 700°C and 0.02 Torr yielded quinoline, isoquinoline, indene and naphthols (and aniline only from the phenylazo derivatives). Similar FVP of p-nitroso and p-phenylazophenol gave pyridine. Also, FVP of phenanthraquinonemonophenylhydrazone and monooxime gave phenathridine and fluorenone. The formation of the heterocyclic system was assumed to involve nitrene and azatropone intermediates.  相似文献   

18.
An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of serotonin, melatonin, trans- and cis-piceid, and trans- and cis-resveratrol using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative ionization modes. HPLC optimal analytical separation was achieved using a mixture of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase in linear gradient elution. The mass spectrometry parameters were optimized for reliable quantification and the enhanced selectivity and sensitivity selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM) was applied. For extraction, the direct analysis of initial methanol extracts was compared with further ethyl acetate extraction. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this analytical method, serotonin, melatonin, trans- and cis-piceid, and trans- and cis-resveratrol from 24 kinds of commonly consumed fruits were quantified. The highest serotonin content was found in plantain, while orange bell peppers had the highest melatonin content. Grape samples possessed higher trans- and cis-piceid, and trans- and cis-resveratrol contents than the other fruits. The results indicate that the combination of HPLC-MS detection and simple sample preparation allows the rapid and accurate quantification of serotonin, melatonin, trans- and cis-piceid, and trans- and cis-resveratrol in fruits.  相似文献   

19.
This paper reports a new, simple, rapid and economical method for routine determination of 24 amino acids and biogenic amines in grapes and wine. No sample clean-up is required and total run time including column re-equilibration is less than 40min. Following automated in-loop automated pre-column derivatisation with an o-phthaldialdehyde, N-acetyl-l-cysteine reagent, compounds were separated on a 3mm×25cm C(18) column using a binary mobile phase. The method was validated in the range 0.25-10mg/l; repeatability was less than 3% RSD and the intermediate precision ranged from 2 to 7% RSD. The method was shown to be linear by the 'lack of fit' test and the accuracy was between 97 and 101%. The LLOQ varied between 10μg/l for aspartic and glutamic acids, ethanolamine and GABA, and 100μg/l for tyrosine, phenylalanine, putrescine and cadaverine. The method was applied to grapes, white wine, red wine, honey and three species of physalis fruit. Grapes and physalis fruit were crushed, sieved, centrifuged and diluted 1/20 and 1/100, respectively, for analysis; wines and honeys were simply diluted 10-fold. It was shown using this method that the amino acid content of grapes was strongly correlated with berry volume, moderately correlated with sugar concentration and inversely correlated with total acidity.  相似文献   

20.
The oxidative polycondensation reaction conditions of 4-m-tolylazomethinephenol (4-TAMP) in the presence of air O2 and NaOCl as oxidants were studied in an aqueous alkaline medium between 50 and 90℃. The structures of the obtained monomer and oligomer were confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, ^1H- and ^13C-NMR and elemental analysis techniques. The physical characterization was made by TG-DTA, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and solubility tests. At the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of oligo-4-m-tolylazomethinephenol (O-4-TAMP) was found to be 62.50% (for air O2 oxidant) and 90.0% (for NaOCl oxidant), respectively. According to the SEC analysis, the number-average molecular weight (Mn), weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PDI) values of O-4-TAMP were found to be 2310, 2610 g tool 1 and 1. 13, respectively, using air O2, and 1390, 1710 g mol^-1 and 1.23, using NaOCl, respectively. According to TG-DTA analyses, O-4-TAMP was more stable than 4-TAMP against thermal decomposition. The weight losses of 4-TAMP and O-4-TAMP were found to be 68% and 58% at 1000℃. Electrical conductivity of the O-4-TAMP was measured, showing that the polymer is a typical semiconductor. Electrochemically, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and electrochemical energy gaps (E'g) for 4-TAMP are -5.96, -3.22 and 2.74 eV, respectively. The HOMO, LUMO and (E'g) for O-4-TAMP are -5.78, -3.44 and 2.34 eV, respectively. According to UV-Vis measurements, optical band gaps (Eg) of 4-TAMP and O-4-TAMP were found to be 3.45 and 3. 1 0 eV, respectively.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号