吹扫-捕集-气相色谱法测定海水中氯甲烷和溴甲烷

建立了海水中CH3Cl和CH3Br的吹扫-捕集-气相色谱分析方法,确定了最佳实验条件: 吹扫时间12 min、吹扫气流速50 mL/min、吹扫温度40 ℃、干燥剂Mg(ClO4)2、液氮捕集、沸水解吸2 min.本方法对CH3Cl和CH3Br的检出限分别为2.7和 0.3 pmol/L,相对标准偏差分别1.9%和7.1%,回收率分别为89%～97%和75%～85%.对海水样品保存方法的可靠性和准确性进行了现场研究,结果表明: 在24 h内样品浓度没有明显变化,在现场调查过程中,一般6 h内可测定完毕,因此本方法可以得到准确结果.同时应用本方法对胶州湾表层海水样品中的CH3Cl和CH3Br进行了测定,其浓度范围分别为130～346 pmol/L和3 90～20.7 pmol/L,和文献报道的其它沿岸水体中的浓度一致,表明本方法能够满足海水中CH3Cl和CH3Br浓度测定的要求.     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱－同位素比值质谱联用测定水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素

建立了吹扫捕集（P&T）/气相色谱－同位素比值质谱（GC/C－IRMS）联用测定水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素的方法。优化了吹扫时间、吹扫温度和干吹时间,确定最优吹扫捕集效率,并通过测试不同质量浓度的苯系物水溶液,计算水体中痕量苯系物的检出限。结果表明,在35 ℃下吹扫捕集13 min,干吹时间3 min条件下,水样中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、异丙苯的吹扫捕集效率分别为95.0%、90.2%、71.3%、59.1%、69.4%、50.8%和70.1%,7种苯系物单体碳同位素的标准偏差（STD）为0.06‰ ~ 0.29‰。7种苯系物的质量浓度在0.50 ~ 20.00 μg/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）为0.998 6 ~ 0.999 5,在各浓度下7种苯系物单体碳同位素值的标准偏差为0.090‰ ~ 0.48‰,进样量及进样方式的差异不会导致碳同位素分馏。水样中苯、甲苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯的检出限为1.00 μg/L,乙苯和异丙苯为0.50 μg/L。该方法可以极大提高水体中苯系物单体碳同位素的检出限,结果准确可靠,满足水体中痕量苯系物单体碳同位素分析的需求。     

稳定性同位素内标-吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用分析水中硫化物

建立稳定性同位素内标-吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析多种水体中硫化物,为预警异味水质突发事件和开展相关研究奠定基础。水样脱氯过滤后,加入同位素内标与氯化钠,吹扫捕集装置40℃氮气吹扫10 min,200℃脱附2 min,吹扫流量40 mL/min。色谱柱:DB-624,进样口温度270℃,分流比20∶1,载气高纯He,流速3.8 mL/min。升温条件:35℃(5 min),6℃/min升至120℃,20℃/min升至210℃。传输线(AUX)温度为280℃。质谱条件:离子源温度230℃,四极杆温度150℃,电子能量70 eV。以保留时间和质谱全扫描方式进行定性分析,质量范围m/z 45~450;选择离子监测定量;基质加标验证方法的准确度与精密度。乙硫醇、二甲基硫和二甲基二硫在0.6~21.3μg/L范围内线性良好。ET,DMS和DMDS的检出限分别为0.088,0.13和0.10μg/L。5种水体高、低浓度加标,回收率为90.7%~118.0%,RSD为2.7%~9.8%。本方法采用稳定同位素内标法,具有较好的准确性、稳定性和实用性,可用于地表水、地下水和生活饮用水等多种水体中含硫嗅味物质的分析。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定海水中的氟氯烃

氟氯烃(Chlorofluorocarbons,CFCs)是一类重要的温室气体,可作为示踪剂应用于海洋学中.本研究建立了一套吹扫捕集系统以分析海水中CFCs.对吹扫捕集系统测定条件进行了考察,优化的实验条件为:捕集温度-60℃,吹扫时间8 min,吹扫气流速20 mL/min,脱附时间1.5 min,脱附温度130℃.本方法简单、灵敏,CFC-11,CFC-12,CFC-113及CCl4(Carbon tetrachloride)的检出限分别为0.004,0.008,0.001及0.006 pmol/L,回收率分别为99.92％±1.77％,98.77％±1.50％,98.95％±3.92％及97.13％±1.78％,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.99.本方法成功应用于27次南极科学考察期间采集的普里兹湾水样的测定.     

常温吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定海水中氧化亚氮

建立了海水中氧化亚氮的常温吹扫捕集-气相色谱检测方法。对吹扫捕集系统的条件进行了考察,优化结果如下:捕集温度30℃,脱附温度250℃,吹扫时间10min,吹扫气流速20mL/min。等实验条件进行了优化。本方法操作简单、灵敏、重现;检出限达2.8×10-10mol/L,标准工作曲线的线性相关系数大于0.9995(n=5);曲线斜率的相对标准偏差为2.8%(n=5);回收率为93.93%±3.1%(n=5)。用此方法测定了厦门近海表层海水样品中氧化亚氮的浓度。     

海水和大气中挥发性硫化物分析方法的研究

建立了大气和海水中挥发性硫化物的气相色谱分析方法,确定了最佳实验条件.为了适应不同的基质和保存方式,大气和海水样品采用了不同的分析方法.测定大气样品时,采用大气采样罐及三级冷阱预浓缩气相色谱-质谱联用技术,而海水样品采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱测定.本方法测定大气挥发性硫化物的线性范围较好,精密度为7.7%~15.1%,检出限为0.23~4.7 ng;海水中挥发性硫化物的精密度为3.5%~5.3%,检出限为2.5~3.5 ng.将本方法用于青岛近海海水和大气中硫化物的测定,测得海水中羰基硫、二甲基硫和二硫化碳的平均浓度分别为(268±58)pmol/L、(1264±0.2)pmol/L、(19±2)pmol/L,大气中的平均浓度为543±39、39±9和56±20(×10-12,V/V).本方法可准确测定海洋环境中的挥发性硫化物.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水中氯苯

采用吹扫捕集法富集地表水样中的氯苯,用气相色谱–质谱法进行测定。吹扫捕集流量为40 mL/min,吹扫时间为12 min,氯化钠加入量为2.5 g/(5 mL),以DB–624色谱柱进行分离。氯苯的质量浓度在0~40.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 4,检出限为0.07μg/L。加标回收率为93.4%~98.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=7)。该方法检出限低,精密度和准确度满足分析测试要求,适用于地表水中痕量氯苯的测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定水体中氯代多环芳烃

本研究建立了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱联用测定水体中6种Cl-PAHs的分析方法。采用poly-sery HLB固相萃取小柱对水样进行富集浓缩,用大体积采样器以2 mL/min的流速过柱,用6 mL的正己烷-二氯甲烷(4∶1,V/V)洗脱,气相色谱-质谱联用、选择离子扫描方式进行定性和定量分析,并采用内标定量法。在对应Cl-PAHs线性范围内的线性相关系数为0.9952~0.9997,检出限与定量限分别为0.013~0.592 ng/L和0.051~0.257 ng/L。除9-Cl Flu(加标回收率为34.4%~45.6%)外,其它Cl-PAHs的加标回收率为77.8%~105.4%。将本方法用于测定南京工业园区及周边水体中Cl-PAHs分析,测得其总浓度为23.594~106.374 ng/L。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤和地下水中四氢呋喃

建立吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤和地下水中四氢呋喃。最佳的吹扫捕集条件:吹扫温度为40℃,吹扫时间为15 min,脱附温度为250℃,脱附时间为2 min。四氢呋喃的质量浓度在10～200μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.990。土壤和地下水中四氢呋喃的检出限分别为1.5、1.4μg/L,标准样品平均加标回收率分别为84.5%、77.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.3%、5.8%(n=6)。该方法适用于土壤和地下水中四氢呋喃含量的检测。     

吹扫捕集GC-MS法测定水中的丙酮和丁酮

建立吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中丙酮和丁酮的检测方法。对吹扫捕集条件进行优化,吹扫温度为20℃,吹扫时间为11 min,脱附温度为245℃,脱附时间为2 min。在全扫描模式下进行定性分析,在选择性离子扫描模式下进行定量分析。在优化实验条件下,丙酮和丁酮的质量浓度在5~200μg/L范围内与其响应值呈良好线性关系(r~2≥0.990),检出限分别为0.01,0.05μg/L,加标回收率分别为100.8%~116.9%,84.5%~101.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.94%~4.83%,0.67%~2.69%(n=6)。该方法检出限低,精密度、准确度高,适用于生活饮用水、地表水、地下水、生活污水和工业废水中丙酮和丁酮的分析。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.