甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应的研究

合成了具有磁铅石结构的Ｓｒ１－ｘＬａｘＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９系列催化剂，并用ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－ＤＲＳ、Ｈ２－Ｏ２滴定及Ｐｙ－ＩＲ等方法对其体相及表面性质进行了表征，结果表明，Ｌａ＾３＋离子能够同晶取代Ｓｒ＾２＋离子进入催化剂晶格内部；随着Ｌａ＾２＋含量增加，催化剂的结晶度提高，从而降低了镍的还原性，并使金属镍的表面上的分散度略有提高，在ＳｒＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９中掺入Ｌａ＾３＋离子，能够抑制晶体沿ｃ轴方向的生     

甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应的研究：（Ⅱ）Sr1—xLaxNiAl11O19催化 …

对具有磁铅石结构的Ｓｒ１－ｘＬａｘＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９对甲烷和二氧化碳重整反应的催化活性，积炭量和稳定性进行了研究。不同还原温度下催化剂的ＸＲＤ和催化剂活性的实验结果表明，金属镍是ＣＨ４＋ＣＯ２重整反应的活性组分，金属镍含量越大，反应活性越高。反应后催化剂积炭量的分析结果说明，在相同镍含量和分散度的情况下，Ｌａ６２＋离子对Ｓｒ＾２＋离子调变，可以降低催化剂的表面酸性，提高催化剂的抗积炭能力。     

甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应的研究 (I)Sr_(1-x)La_xNiAl_(11)O_(19)催化剂的物理化学性质表征

合成了具有磁铅石结构的Ｓｒ１－ｘＬａｘＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９系列催化剂，并用ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－ＤＲＳ、Ｈ２－Ｏ２滴定及Ｐｙ－ＩＲ等方法对其体相及表面性质进行了表征．结果表明，Ｌａ３＋离子能够同晶取代Ｓｒ２＋离子进入催化剂晶格内部；随着Ｌａ３＋含量增加，催化剂的结晶度提高，从而降低了镍的还原性，并使金属镍在表面上的分散度略有提高；在ＳｒＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９中掺入Ｌａ３＋离子，能够抑制晶体沿ｃ轴方向的生长，提高其比表面积；同时Ｌａ３＋离子对Ｓｒ２＋离子的调变，减少了表面的酸中心数目     

甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应的研究 (I)Sr_(1-x)La_xNiAl_(11)O_(19)催化活性表征

对具有磁铅石结构的Ｓｒ１－ｘＬａｘＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９对甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应的催化活性、积炭量和稳定性进行了研究．不同还原温度下催化剂的ＸＲＤ和催化活性的实验结果表明，金属镍是ＣＨ４＋ＣＯ２重整反应的活性组分，金属镍含量越大，反应活性越高．反应后催化剂积炭量的分析结果说明，在相同镍含量和分散度的情况下，Ｌａ３＋离子对Ｓｒ２＋离子调变，可以降低催化剂的表面酸性，提高催化剂的抗积炭能力．ＬａＮｉＡｌ１１Ｏ１９是一种具有较好催化活性、稳定性和抗积炭性能的催化剂．     

CO2加H2合成甲醇Cu—Zn—O催化剂表面化学态研究

应用ＸＲＤ、ＥＳＲ、ＵＲＤＳ、ＸＰＳ及ＸＡＥＳ等手段研究了ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成甲醇Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｏ催化剂在还原后和反应状态下的表面化学状态。结果表明，在还原及反应状态下，催化剂表面仅能检测到ＣＵ＾０，而未发现稳定的Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｃｕ＾＋存在；ＺｎＯ被 部分还原产生低价锌Ｚｎ＾（２－δ）＋（０＜δ＜２）。关联活性测试结果认为：Ｃｕ＾ｏ／Ｚｎ＾（２－δ）＋Ｏ构成ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成甲醇反应的活性中心。     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂上丙烷在CO2气氛中脱氢反应的研究

采用ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ－ｖｉｓ　 ＤＲＳ、ＥＳＲ和微分吸附量热等技术,考察了铬担载量分别为２．５、５和 １０ｗｔ％的 ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂的结构、表面性质和氧化还原性能。结果表明,催化剂表面上存在多种Ｃｒ的氧化态和聚集形式。随着Ｃｒ担载量从２．５ｗｔ％到１０ｗｔ％的逐渐增大,催化剂表面占主导地位的Ｃｒ物种由ＣｒＯ３单体转为多聚ＣｒＯ３和Ｃｒ２Ｏ３晶相。在 ＣＯ２气氛中催化剂对丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性的大小顺序为 ２． ５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２ ＞５ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２＞１０ｗｔ％ ＣｒＯｘ／ＳｉＯ２,反应过程中的原位 ＥＳＲ和 ＵＶ－ｖｉｓＤＲＳ测定结果表明,催化剂表面的反应活性中心为Ｃｒ５＋, Ｃｒ５＋可由催化剂预处理过程中 Ｃｒ３＋的氧化及丙烷反应过程中 ＣｒＯ３单体的还原产生,在反应中 ＣＯ２可使Ｃｒ３＋重新氧化为Ｃｒ５＋。     

钒元素在铬铝丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂中的助催化作用

研究了丙烷在以钒元素为助剂的Ｃｒ－Ａｌ－Ｏ催化剂上的氧化脱氢反应性能，利用ＸＲＤ、ＤＲＳ、ＸＰＳ等方法，讨论了钒元素的助催化作用，实验结果表明，钒元素的添加，使得催化剂表面产生Ｏ物种，并且可以改变催经上表面组成，提高催化剂表面Ｃｒ＾３＋的浓度，从而影响催化剂的氧化脱氢活性。     

K~＋－SrO－La_2O_3／ZnO催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应Ⅱ．催化剂碱性和氧物种的表征

Ｋ＋－ＳｒＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＺｎＯ（ＫＳＬＺ）催化体系具有很好的催化活性．在１０７３Ｋ反应温度下，其Ｃ２产率为１８．２％，且Ｃ２选择性为６８．３％．催化剂抗潮能力明显增加，在室温下经长期放置后，催化剂活性稳定．用ＸＲＤ，ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ和ＸＰＳ表征了ＫＳＬＺ催化剂的体相组成及表面碱性、表面组成和表面活性氧物种．在此基础上讨论了Ｌａ２Ｏ３，ＳｒＯ和Ｋ＋各组分对甲烷氧化偶联反应的作用，提出了表面碳酸盐分解生成活性氧物种的可能性．     

CuO／CeO_2／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂的结构及氧物种

应用ＸＲＤ、ＥＳＲ及ＸＰＳ方法研究了ＣｕＯ／ＣｅＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的体相及表面结构，并对催化剂表面氧物种进行了表征．实验结果表明，ＣｅＯ２使Ｃｕ２＋还原为低价钢离子和增加钢化合物的分散性．催化剂中ＣｅＯ２含量高时，表面有Ｏ２－和Ｏ－物种，而ＣｅＯ２含量低时，只有Ｏ２－物种．     

Ni／γ—Al2O3,Ni／MgO,Ni／SiO2催化剂上甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应的研究

采用ＸＲＤ，ＵＶ－ＤＲＳ，ＸＰＳ，ＴＰＲ，Ｈ２－Ｏ２滴定和吡啶吸附－红外光谱等技术，研究了负载于具有不同酸碱性的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２，Ｍｇｏ载体上的镍催化剂表面物理化学性质，及其对甲烷与二氧化碳重整制取合成气反应催化活性的影响。结果表明，在上述负载型镍催化剂上，影响重整反应活性和积炭量的主要原因不是催化剂表面酸碱性，而是金属镍在催化剂表面的分散度。     

超细镍基催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应的性能Ⅰ.制备方法对催化剂结构和还原性能的影响

通过BET ,XRD ,XPS ,IR和TPR等表征手段 ,考察了制备方法对CH4 CO2 重整用镍基催化剂物性结构和还原性能的影响 .与浸渍的超细载体二元NiO Al2 O3 及浸渍的普通载体三元NiO La2 O3 Al2 O3 催化剂相比 ,采用溶胶 凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备的超细二元和三元气凝胶超细催化剂具有高表面积、高孔隙率及孔结构可控等特点 ,且组分之间的相互作用强 ,分布均匀 ,较低温度下即可形成NiAl2 O4 尖晶石结构 ,吸附能力强 ,还具有更丰富的表面缺陷和暴露原子数等纳米材料特性 .同时 ,该方法适宜于制备负载多组分金属催化剂 ,有利于发挥助剂的改善调节作用 ,满足CH4 CO2 重整反应对催化剂的要求 .     

焦炉煤气二氧化碳重整制合成气中La0.6Sr0.4NixCo1-xO3钙钛矿催化剂的合成、表征和催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了La0.6Sr0.4NixCo1-xO3钙钛矿催化剂,并测试了该催化剂在焦炉煤气CO2重整反应中的性能.通过X射线衍射、N2吸附脱附、程序升温还原、扫描电镜、透射电镜和热重-微分扫描量热等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,溶胶凝胶法合成的La0.6Sr0.4NixCo1-xO3催化剂形成了钙钛矿结构的固溶体.着重考察了钙钛矿催化剂焙烧温度和A位Ni的掺杂含量对其催化性能和反应后积碳的影响.结果表明： La0.6Sr0.4NixCo1-xO3钙钛矿催化剂在反应中生成了活性金属Ni, Co颗粒和La2O2CO3,这些组分对催化剂的活性和稳定性起关键性的作用,并且能够抑制积碳的形成;焦炉煤气中的富氢气体具有抑制甲烷裂解反应发生的作用,从而减少催化剂的积碳.     

La-Ni-Al钙钛矿氧化物中Sr和Ca取代La对甲醇重整的影响

Mixed perovskite oxides with CaxLa1-xNi0.3Al0.7O3-d and SrxLa1-xNi0.3Al0.7O3-d(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8,and 1.0;d=0.5x)components have been prepared by a sol-gel method.The effects of the partial substitution of La by Ca and Sr in dry CH4 reforming were investigated at 500-800 ℃ and 101 kPa.The resulting oxides were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed reduction,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry,and BET surface area analysis.Studies following the catalytic tests by carbon analysis show some carbon deposition on this catalytic system.The results indicate that all initial salt entered into a propionate structure,and that most of the solid solution has well defined perovskite structure with surface areas between 3.5 and 9.5 m2/g.Most of the catalysts performed well in the dry reforming,with CH4 conversions up to 90%,H2 yields up to 80%,and H2 selectivity up to 90%.Among the samples,Sr0.2La0.8Ni0.3Al0.7O2.9 showed an excellent catalytic performance in CH4 dry reforming,with a H2/CO ratio of 1,whereas Ca0.8La0.2Ni0.3Al0.7O2.6 showed the lowest coke formation(approximately 0.71%).     

Effect of CeO2 on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 for autothermal reforming of methane

The effect of promoter Ce on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that the catalytic performance of the catalysts was improved with the addition of Ce. Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ showed the highest CH4 conversion in operation temperatures ranging from 650 ℃ to 850 ℃. At the same time, the decrease in H2/CO ratio with increasing reaction temperature was consistent with the fact that water-gas shift reaction was thermodynamically unfavorable at higher temperatures. The XRD result indicated that adding Ce to Ni/Al2O3 catalyst prevented the formation of NiAl2O4 and facilitated the formation of NiO. The formation of NiO increased the number of active sites, resulting in higher activity. Comparing the TPR profiles of Ni/Ce30Al70Oδ with Ni/Al2O3, it could be clearly observed that with the addition of Ce, the total reduction peak areas in the middle and low temperatures increased. It was most probably that the addition of Ce inhibited the stronger interaction between Ni and Al2O3 to form the phase of NiAl2O4, and favored the formation of the strong interaction between NiO species and CeO2. Therefore, the addition of Ce to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst increased the active surface that promoted the activity of the catalyst.     

CO_2 reforming of glycerol over La-Ni/Al_2O_3 catalyst:A longevity evaluative study

This paper reports on the longevity of glycerol-dry(CO2) reforming over the lanthanum(La) promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts.The XRD results showed that the Ni particle was well-dispersed in the presence of La promoter.In addition,via the NH3-TPD analysis,it was found that the La promoter has reduced the acidity of Ni catalyst which may have explained the mitigation of carbon laydown.It was determined that the 3.0 wt% La-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalyst possessed the largest BET specific surface area of 97 m2 g-1.Consequently,it yielded the best catalytic longevity performance with conversion attained more than 90%,even after 72 h of reaction duration.Significantly,it can be confirmed that the presence of CO2 during the glycerol dry reforming was essential in reducing carbon deposition,most likely via gasification pathway.This has ensured a stability of catalytic activity for a long reaction period(72 h).     

氧化镍/莫来石-刚玉催化剂中添加La2O3的作用

用ＸＲＤ，ＴＰＲ，ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ考察了氧化镍／莫来石－刚玉催化剂添加Ｌａ２Ｏ３对ＮｉＯ性质的影响及两者间的相互作用，Ｌａ２Ｏ３使得催化剂中ＮｉＯ的晶格常数及分散容量增大，而晶相含量减少，还发现，添加Ｌａ２Ｏ３，使一次ＴＰＲ过程中ＮｉＯ还原温度升高，耗氢量增加了Ｌａ２Ｏ３对二次ＴＰＲ中ＮｉＯ还原温度的影响减小，耗氢量不受影响，Ｌａ２Ｏ３的添加方式及含量不同，对ＮｉＯ性质的影响也不相同。     

制备方法对La改性的Ni/γAl2O3催化甲烷部分氧化的研究

采用共沉淀法和浸渍法制备La改性的Ni/γAl2O3催化剂，并用于催化甲烷部分氧化反应。共沉淀法制备的催化剂表现出较高的活性和稳定性。空速为80000h－1、800℃时甲烷的转化率接近100％，H2的选择性达99.8％，且在稳定性实验中保持15h活性变化不大。实验采用BET、TPR和XRD说明共沉淀法制备的镍基氧化铝催化剂中，La的加入提高了催化剂的比表面积，有效的抑制了大颗粒NiAl2O4的形成，降低了催化剂活性组分的还原温度，对POM显示出很高的催化活性。     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ catalyst.The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ autothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS.Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature,and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ was found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts.Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

La促进型六铝酸盐Ba1－xLaxFeAl11O19－δ催化甲烷燃烧性能

用碳酸铵水溶液共沉淀法制备了系列Ba_1－xLa_xFeAl₁₁O_19－δ六铝酸盐型催化剂,并以甲烷燃烧为探针反应考察催化剂的催化活性.La部分取代Ba提高了催化剂的催化甲烷燃烧活性,且随La取代量的增加,催化剂的起燃温度呈规律性变化,镧、钡之间存在最佳配比,活性最好的催化剂为Ba_0.2La_0.8FeAl₁₁O_19－δ,其催化甲烷燃烧的起燃温度仅有495 ℃（V_CH4:V_O2:V_N2=1:4:95）.XRD和SEM结果表明,不同含量镧掺杂的材料经1 200 ℃焙烧5 h后，呈现典型的六铝酸盐结构特征；不同温度的焙烧实验表明掺杂镧能够促进六铝酸盐相的形成.Diffuse UV-Vis表征表明催化剂中的铁呈＋3价,Diffuse UV-Vis, TPR和FT-IR结果表明Ba、La、Fe之间存在协同作用.