柱切换-荧光检测反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中特布他林浓度

采用柱切换技术 荧光检测反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中特布他林 (TB)浓度。使用LunaC8( 2 )和KromasilC18为分析柱 ( 1 5 0mm× 4.6mm ,5 μm)和预处理柱 ( 2 5mm× 4.6mm ,5 μm) ,流动相分别为pH 3 0 ,0 .0 3 3mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液∶甲醇∶乙腈 ( 92∶7∶1 )和水∶甲醇∶乙腈 ( 97∶2∶1 ) ,流速均为 1 .0ml/L。血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后进样 ,切换时间为 3 .2～ 4.2min。荧光检测 ,λex为 2 80nm ,λem为 3 0 9nm。以沙丁胺醇作内标 ,按内标法定量。标准曲线线性范围为 0 .8～ 3 2 μg/L ;最低定量限为 0 .8μg/L;TB和内标的保留时间分别为 8.7和 9.3min;日内RSD小于 4% ,日间RSD小于 9% ,方法回收率在 93 %～ 1 1 2 %。     

猪肉中β-受体激动剂AlphaLISA检测方法的建立

建立了快速检测猪肉中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、溴布特罗和特布他林4种β-受体激动剂的光激化学发光纳米均相时间分辨荧光免疫(Alpha LISA)分析方法。样品经乙酸铵和β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/硫酸酯酶酶解提取过柱,浓缩至干后,用缓冲溶液定容。样品与生物素化抗原、抗体、供体微珠和受体微珠进行酶联免疫,Alpha LISA进行检测,基质标准曲线定量。结果表明:沙丁胺醇、克伦特罗、溴布特罗和特布他林在0.1~500ng/m L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.98,沙丁胺醇与克伦特罗、溴布特罗和特布他林的交叉反应率分别为143.3%,179.2%和95.6%,检出限为0.03~0.08 ng/m L。在0.5,10,20μg/kg 3个添加水平下,4种化合物的平均回收率为82.5%~115.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于12.0%。该方法操作简单,快速准确,适用于猪肉中β-受体激动剂的筛选与检测。     

同位素稀释结合固相萃取快速测定动物组织中β2-兴奋剂

本文采用同位素稀释结合固相萃取技术,测定动物组织中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺4种β2-兴奋剂。动物组织加同位素内标D3-沙丁胺醇和D9-克伦特罗,经甲醇提取后,正己烷脱脂,过SLS离子交换固相萃取柱净化,用BSTFA 1%(φ)TMCS衍生,采用GC/MS进行测定,内标法定量。实验表明,动物组织中添加2.0~10.0μg/kg浓度水平的β2-兴奋剂,方法回收率在72.5%~97.9%,相对标准偏差1.0%~11.4%,线性范围为12.5~500μg/L,样品中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg、1.0μg/kg、0.5μg/kg和1.0μg/kg。     

超声提取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷与甲胺磷的研究

建立了超声提取/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的方法。10. 0 g土壤样品采用20. 0 m L甲醇超声萃取30 min,取上清液过0. 22μm滤膜后进行UPLC-MS/MS分析,外标法定量。结果表明:乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷在0. 002～20. 0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(r~2 0. 999),方法检出限分别为0. 004 9μg/kg和0. 003 4μg/kg。在0. 400、4. 00、40. 00μg/kg加标水平下,土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的平均回收率分别为83. 0%～91. 5%和88. 0%～94. 8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为2. 3%～4. 8%和1. 8%～4. 2%。该方法前处理简单快捷、灵敏度高、定性定量准确,可用于土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷含量的快速检测。     

固相支持液-液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人全血中环孢素A

采用固相支持液-液萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术建立了人全血中环孢素A的分析方法。全血样品经蛋白沉淀后,上样至固相支持液-液萃取柱,经甲基叔丁基醚洗脱,Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱(75 mm×3. 0 mm i. d.,2. 2μm)分离,电喷雾电离源、正离子模式和多反应监测模式下采集数据,以环孢素D为内标物定量。结果表明,环孢素A在1. 5～500μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0. 998,检出限和定量下限分别为0. 5μg/L和1. 5μg/L,在50、100、400μg/L 3个加标浓度下的平均回收率为78. 6%～83. 5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=3)分别为3. 1%～5. 6%和4. 5%～8. 3%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,可用于全血中环孢素A的分析。     

二甲基黄催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯

根据在 H2 SO4 介质中钯 ( )催化高碘酸钾氧化二甲基黄的褪色反应 ,提出了测定钯的新催化光度法。钯浓度在 0 .0～ 6.0μg/2 5 m L范围内与催化反应速率呈良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为 2 .1 9× 1 0 - 3μg /m L。对 3.0μg/2 5 m L钯 ( )测定的相对标准偏差为 0 .78% ( n=1 1 )。此法用于某些催化剂中钯的测定 ,标准加入回收率为 99.5 %～ 1 0 4 .1 %。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛羊肉中瘦肉精

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法测定牛羊肉中3种瘦肉精残留量。牛羊肉中的瘦肉精残留物通过提取、净化后进超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行分析测定。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC?BEH C18色谱柱，以0.1%甲酸水（内含5 mmol/L乙酸铵）溶液与甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱分离目标物，克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇采用内标法定量，莱克多巴胺采用外标法定量。克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺检出限为0.1μg/kg。在牛羊肉中添加3种瘦肉精混合标准中间液，平均回收率为65.3%～105.8%，相对标准偏差为0.95%～9.65%(n=6)，线性范围为0.1～4ng/mL。该方法可以更加简便、快捷、准确地测定牛羊肉中的克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析肉样中盐酸克伦特罗的残留量

建立了固相萃取 气相色谱 质谱联机分析肉样中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的方法。对盐酸克伦特罗在C1 8和离子交换固相萃取柱上的保留行为进行了研究 ,发现不同浓度盐酸克伦特罗的固相萃取回收率在 75 %～ 95 %之间 ;肉样中的加标回收率在 70 %～ 83 % ;相对标准偏差在 4 .95 %～ 1 3 .4 % ;最低检出限为 1 μg kg。盐酸克伦特罗的硅烷化产物 ,采用选择离子的模式进行检测 ( 86、2 4 3、2 62、2 77) ,衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在0 .0 0 2 5 2～ 2 .0 2mg L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,线性回归系数大于 0 .9999。     

环境水体中亚硝态氮、硝态氮和总氮的液相色谱测定

建立了环境水体中NO2-、NO3-及总氮含量的液相色谱测定方法.采用Hypersil ODS(5μm,250mm×4.6mm i.d.)色谱柱;流动相:17.5mmoL/L KH2PO4-2mmol/L H3PO4缓冲液(pH3.5)-乙腈(体积比92.5:7.5);流速:0.8mL/min;柱温:30℃;紫外检测器:波长204nm.结果表明:水体中NO2-和NO3-的线性范围(以N计):1～80ng,r=0.999 9;方法检出限:NO2-0.4ng、NO3-0.09ng;回收率为NO2-99.2%～102.4%、NO3-98.7%～99.3%,RSD为0.79%和0.25%.     

凝胶渗透净化/液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源肝脏中4种β-激动剂的残留量

采用凝胶渗透净化技术,建立了用高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定动物源肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林残留量的方法。样品经β-葡萄糖苷酸酶水解后,用乙酸铵溶液提取,MCX固相萃取柱和全自动凝胶渗透净化色谱仪净化,采用选择离子监控模式(SIM)检测,内标法定量。克伦特罗在0.1～10 ng/mL、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、特布他林在1～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999;方法的检出限和定量限分别在0.003～0.02μg/kg和0.009～0.06μg/kg之间,方法的回收率为94.7%～106.1%,相对标准偏差小于7.8%。适用于动物肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林的确认和定量检测。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.