壳聚糖及其衍生物在组织工程中的应用

壳聚糖由于具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性以及具有可反应的活性基团,因而在生物、医学等领域具有广泛的研究和应用。随着组织工程学研究的深入,壳聚糖及其衍生物材料作为天然高分子组织工程支架越来越受到重视,综述了近年来国内外壳聚糖及其衍生物在组织工程上的研究和应用情况,包括壳聚糖及其衍生物支架材料的制备方法、壳聚糖的改性以及壳聚糖复合材料等。     

甲壳素和壳聚糖在伤口敷料中的应用

天然高分子甲壳素和壳聚糖以其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒、止血、止痛、抗菌、促进伤口愈合并减少疤痕等优点,在伤口敷料方面的研究正在引起人们的重视。本文对甲壳素和壳聚糖适于作为伤口敷料的优异性能从机理上进行了讨论,并介绍了通过甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物制备性能优异的伤口敷料的研究进展。     

天然高分子材料研究进展

综述了近年来天然高分子材料的研究进展。主要介绍纤维素、木质素、淀粉、甲壳素、壳聚糖、其它多糖、蛋白质以及天然橡胶等天然高分子通过化学、物理方法以及纳米技术改性制备具有各种功能及生物可降解性环境友好材料的研究状况,并对此类新材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

羟烷基壳聚糖制备及应用研究进展

壳聚糖是由甲壳素通过脱乙酰作用得到的一种天然高分子多糖,具有良好的生物相容性、抗菌性、无毒和可生物降解等优点,但壳聚糖水溶性差限制了其在很多方面的应用。为克服壳聚糖在水溶性上的不足,利用壳聚糖结构中氨基和羟基上的活泼氢进行化学改性以引进羟烷基等亲水性基团成为重要手段。本文主要对壳聚糖羟烷基化改性的方法及羟烷基壳聚糖在医药、水处理和组织工程材料等领域的研究和应用现状进行介绍,并对羟烷基壳聚糖未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在生物医药中的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种用途很广的天然高分子化合物,具有无毒、生物相容性、吸附功能、生物可降解性及多种生物学活性等优异性能。本文综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为药物载体材料、组织工程材料、医用敷料和抗菌材料的应用,并且其在抗肿瘤方面也有一定的疗效。     

高分子载体材料在药用微球中的应用及进展

微球给药系统可实现药物的靶向给药,其在药物的缓控释放等方面表现出良好的应用前景,因而成为近年来药剂学领域的研究热点之一。高分子载体材料（Polymer Carriers）是随着药物学研究、生物材料科学和临床医学的发展而新兴起来的,是一类具有优良生物相容性、生物可降解性、可加工性,经过安全性评价并应用于药物制剂的高分子辅...     

甲壳素和壳聚糖作为天然生物高分子材料的研究进展

甲壳素是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子,壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰化后带有阳离子的多糖.壳聚糖中的自由氨基以及它的高结晶性,使得它能溶于酸,而不溶于碱和绝大数的有机溶剂.同时壳聚糖具有无毒性、无刺激性、良好的生物相容性、生物可溶解性, 以及高的电荷密度,因而被作为一种新型的天然生物材料得到广泛应用.文章介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖的结构和性质,综述分析了甲壳素和壳聚糖在制备微球和作为支架材料中的应用, 并总结了甲壳素和壳聚糖在这两个方面存在的问题和发展前景.     

脂肪族聚酯类可生物降解医用高分子材料的研究进展

脂肪族聚脂是一类重要的合成医用高分子材料,具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性。本文在介绍了几种研究较为成熟的聚酯类医用材料的基础上,着重综述了它们的设计、合成及其在生物医学领域中应用的研究进展,并展望了可生物降解医用高分子材料的发展趋势。     

生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究进展

综述了国内外应用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料表面修饰的研究状况,其中重点介绍了葡聚糖、肝素及类肝素类物质、壳聚糖等多糖在高分子材料表面修饰的研究近况.多糖是自然界中含量最为丰富的生物大分子,几乎存在于所有的生命体中,具有很好的生物相容性,而且某些生物多糖还具有特殊的生物活性,因此用生物多糖进行医用高分子材料的表面修饰受到了国内外研究学者的关注.大量研究表明,经过生物多糖表面修饰的高分子材料可获得良好的生物相容性和某些优良的医学应用性能.     

离子液体在壳聚糖研究中的应用进展

离子液体是一种新型的绿色溶剂,目前被广泛用于天然高分子材料的加工与应用。壳聚糖是甲壳素的脱乙酰化产物,是自然界中存储最大的碱性生物多糖,具有生物相容性、可降解性、吸湿性、抗菌性、成纤成膜性等优异特性,在医药、食品、纺织、造纸、日化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,离子液体开始应用于壳聚糖材料加工中,并已在壳聚糖的溶解、均相衍生化、复合材料加工以及电化学生物传感器等方面取得了一些研究进展,该文就此进行了综述。引用文献54篇。     

Recent advancement and development of chitin and chitosan-based nanocomposite for drug delivery: Critical approach to clinical research

This review depicts the exposure of chitin and chitosan base multifunctional nanomaterial composites for promising applications in field of biomedical science structure, synthesis as well as potential application from a colossal angle. We elaborated critically each of the chitin and chitosan base nanomaterial with its potential application toward biomedical science. For different biomedical applications it use in form of hydrogels, microsphere, nanoparticles, aerogels, microsphere and in form of scaffold. Due to this it had been blended with different polymer such as starch, cellulose, alginate, lipid, hyaluronic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and caboxymethyl cellulose. In this review article, a comprehensive overview of combination of chitin and chitosan base nanomaterial with natural as well as synthetic polymers and their biomedical applications in biomedical field involving drug delivery system all the technical scientific issues have been addressed; highlighting the recent advancements.     

CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FOR VERSATILE APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT

Chitin and chitosan are versatile polymers, where the interest in chitosan is due to the large variety of useful forms that are commercially available or can be made available. Chitin basically is obtained from prawn/crab shells; chemical treatment of chitin produces chitosan. This article surveys applications of chitin and chitosan in various industrial and biomedical fields.     

APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED BIOMATERIALS IN BIOARTIFICIAL LIVE

Bioartificial liver support system (BALS) has the potential to provide temporary support for patients with fulminant hepatic failure and consist of viable hepatocytes and scaffolding materials for hepatocytes attachment. Various scaffolding materials are used in BALS, including chitosan,which is easily obtained by deacetylation of chitin and widely applied in biomedical applications. In this paper, we introduce and discuses chitosan-based biomaterials for BALS application.     

APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED BIOMATERIALS IN BIOARTIFICIAL LIVE

1. INTRODUCTIONOrthotopic liver transplantation is the only clinically proven treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure [1]. A limitation of this therapy is a shortage of donor organs available. This donor organ shortage is exacerbated by the fa…     

Current Status and New Perspectives on Chitin and Chitosan as Functional Biopolymers

The natural biopolymer chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan are found abundantly in nature as structural building blocks and are used in all sectors of human activities like materials science, nutrition, health care, and energy. Far from being fully recognized, these polymers are able to open opportunities for completely novel applications due to their exceptional properties which an economic value is intrinsically entrapped. On a commercial scale, chitosan is mainly obtained from crustacean shells rather than from the fungal and insect sources. Significant efforts have been devoted to commercialize chitosan extracted from fungal and insect sources to completely replace crustacean-derived chitosan. However, the traditional chitin extraction processes are laden with many disadvantages. The present review discusses the potential bioextraction of chitosan from fungal, insect, and crustacean as well as its superior physico-chemical properties. The different aspects of fungal, insects, and crustacean chitosan extraction methods and various parameters having an effect on the yield of chitin and chitosan are discussed in detail. In addition, this review also deals with essential attributes of chitosan for high value-added applications in different fields and highlighted new perspectives on the production of chitin and deacetylated chitosan from different sources with the concomitant reduction of the environmental impact.     

Isolation of Chitin from a Variety of Raw Materials, Modification of the Material, and Interaction its Derivatives with Metal Ions

At the Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics we have investigated the isolation of chitin from a variety of raw materials—of Aral Sea crustaceans, the basidial fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, and waste from production of natural silk from the chrysalis of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The silk worm chrysalis, waste material from silk production, is a very valuable and readily available source of chitin, although new technology must be developed to enable use of the waste. Other raw materials suitable for isolation of chitin are also being investigated. Other subjects of interest are modification of chitin, preparation of chitosan from it, and interaction of these materials with transition metals ions, because water-soluble polymer–metal complexes of known metal-ion content have medical and agricultural applications. Formation of complexes between chitosan and transition metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn) has been investigated. Differences between the spectra of chitosan and its metal complexes are all in the region of the stretching and deformation vibrations of the amide bonds (amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III). This is because the synthesis of chitosan–metal complexes was conducted in acid media, in which the chitosan amino group is protonated, so the preferred interaction takes place with the amide bond of chitosan. Noticeable changes of amide-I and amide-II intensities are observed, depending on the metal ion content; this changes can be used for estimation of the metal content in the samples. It has been shown that in the samples synthesized the metal ions are distributed fairly uniformly along the polymer chains. The composition and structures of the complexes formed, the conditions needed to include the different functional groups of the polymer in the coordination process, and the dynamics of macromolecular tangling behavior in the process of metal-ion binding were determined. This enables prediction of the behavior of chitosan–metal-ion systems under conditions of use.     

甲壳素和壳聚糖化学改性研究进展

甲壳素是一种天然多糖,脱除乙酰基的产物是壳聚糖,作为新型功能生物材料,它们已在水处理、日用化学品、生物工程和医药等领域得到了应用,但它们不溶于一般的有机溶剂,从而限制了其广泛应用.为此,甲壳素和壳聚糖的化学改性成为该材科研究的重要方向之一.本文综述了近年来甲壳素和壳聚糖化学改性方面的研究进展,着重介绍了选择性化学修饰的方法和发展动向.     

壳聚糖与尿素的相互作用及其应用研究进展

尿素能够显著破坏甲壳素/壳聚糖分子氢键结构和疏水相互作用,增加其临界胶束浓度,促进多糖大分子的溶解,并能减少其在溶液中的自聚集现象.碱-尿素水溶液可以作为一种新型的甲壳素/壳聚糖绿色溶剂,有望用于对刺激性要求较为苛刻的食品、生物医学等领域.壳聚糖衍生物特别是其与过渡金属离子的配合物具有良好的尿素吸附功能,可用于尿毒症患者血液中小分子毒物的吸附,对机体刺激性小且不吸附血清蛋白等生物大分子.有望成为血液灌流治疗法中清除尿素等小分子毒性物质的良好吸附剂.壳聚糖还可以作为包膜材料,制备壳聚糖包膜尿素,与普通的包膜尿素相比性能更为优越.