气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱法在食品安全分析中的应用

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)技术被广泛应用于环境、人体组织、食品等样品中污染物的定性分析和定量测定.综述了近年来气相色谱-负化学源质谱技术在食品安全分析如农药残留、兽药残留和污染物测定中的应用.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定多种农药残留

文中比较了气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)与气相色谱-电子轰击离子源-质谱法(GC-EI-MS)分析多种农药残留量方法中的选择离子、质谱图、线性范围、检出限等指标,试验结果表明:GC-NCI-MS质谱图的碎片离子少,线性范围宽,11种农药除二嗪农及o,p'-DDT外,负化学离子源(NCI)的检出限都低于电子轰击离子源(EI)至少一个数量级;同一个样品,GC-NCH-MS的质谱图杂峰更少.若分子中含有易获得电子的基团,NCI源比EI源有更高的灵敏度和选择性.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定海洋生物中的多溴联苯醚

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS) 法分析海洋贝类样品中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs) 的方法. 样品采用索氏提取、多层硅胶柱分离纯化及外标法定量, 7种BDE单体的基质加标回收率平均值为67.4%～101%, 相对标准偏差为4.0%～18%. 对采自大连的白蛤、菲蛤、牡蛎等样品进行分析, 结果表明负化学源分析方法适用于海洋贝类中PBDEs的检测.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定豆类中14种农药残留

建立了以凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和固相萃取法净化、气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱(GC-NCI-MS)联用法测定豆类(毛豆、荷兰豆、豌豆、蚕豆等)中14种农药残留的分析方法。样品经提取液经GPC净化除去大部分的油脂和色素,再经乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷(PSA)小柱净化,目标农药采用GC-NCI-MS检测,外标法定量。添加50μg/kg浓度水平时,农药回收率在42.2%~124.5%之间,相对标准偏差在1.10%~8.72%之间;农药的检测限在0.5~10.0μg/kg(3倍信噪比)之间。方法净化效果好,灵敏度高,可满足进出口豆类农药多残留检测实际工作的需要。     

气相色谱-串联质谱多离子监测分析土壤中的有机氯农药残留

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-EI-MS/MS)联用技术,结合索氏萃取提取及佛罗里硅土净化分析土壤中有机氯农药残留.通过对检测模式、母离子选择、碰撞能量、多反应监测的选择等条件优化,可实现20种有机氯农药的基线分离.在优化的条件下,有机氯农药的定量限为5.6×10-4～9.6 ng/mL;样品加标回收率为51.6%～130%.     

加速溶剂萃取-在线衍生-气相色谱-质谱法同时分析土壤中有机氯农药和酸性除草剂

建立了土壤中13种极性除草剂与20种非极性有机氯农药的同时萃取检测的方法.利用加速溶剂萃取过程中的温度环境与溶剂环境,使强极性氯代酸性除草剂与五氟苄基溴在萃取池内反应,酯化产物的极性显著降低.利用丙酮溶剂使之与非极性的有机氯农药同时萃取;利用衍生产物与有机氯农药的高电负性使除草剂与有机氯农药在气相色谱负化学源质谱上同时...     

牛奶中32种农药的气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱法测定

建立了牛奶中有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯3类32种农药残留的气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱(GC-IT-MS/MS)分析方法。针对目标物灵敏度不同选择电子轰击电离源或化学电离源,系统地优化了串联质谱的分析条件,并分析了产生这些影响的机理。在优化条件下,32种农药在25(10)～500(200)μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0. 994;倍硫磷和毒死蜱的方法检出限(MDL)分别为1. 7μg/kg和2. 8μg/kg,其它30种农药的MDL为0. 026～1. 2μg/kg;当样品的加标浓度水平为50、200μg/kg(有机氯类农药的加标浓度为20、100μg/kg)时,32种目标物的平均加标回收率为71. 5%～116%,相对标准偏差为1. 9%～14%。将方法应用于实际样品的检测,其抗干扰能力强,能减少分析结果的假阳性。     

气相色谱-负化学电离源质谱法测定土壤中的多溴联苯醚

本文建立了气相色谱-负化学电离源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)法分析环境土壤及底泥样品中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的方法。样品采用索氏提取、多层硅胶柱分离纯化、内标法(BDE28、47、99、100、153、154、183)及同位素稀释法(BDE209)定量。上述定量的8种BDE同族体的方法回收率在96.7%～138.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为9.1%～22.3%(n=4)。应用该方法分析环境土壤及底泥样品的结果表明,8种所监测的PBDEs均被检出,土壤中PBDE浓度的总和为1437.6ng/g干重,底泥中为241.4ng/g干重,土壤和底泥中BDE209分别占PBDE浓度的总和的98.4%和92.7%。     

水生动物及水产品中硫丹及其代谢物残留量的气相色谱-质谱测定

建立了水生动物及水产品中农药硫丹及其代谢物残留量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定方法;样品经溶剂提取、凝胶层析柱净化;以氦气为载气,甲烷气为反应气,程序升温及负化学源(NCI)电离方式,采用气质联用仪在选择离子监测模式下进行快速测定,保留时间和离子相对丰度比定性、外标法定量;方法定量下限为0.004 mg/kg。在鳗鱼、泥鳅、鲶鱼、虾4种样品中添加不同浓度的硫丹时,其平均添加回收率在71%~87%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)小于10%。     

气相色谱-负化学电离质谱测定蔬菜中啶虫丙醚的残留量

建立以固相萃取净化和气相色谱-负化学质谱(GC/NCI/MS)技术快速测定蔬菜中啶虫丙醚残留量的方法。经乙腈提取,共提物中的基体杂质经PSA/SAX固相萃取柱去除,用负化学源质谱检测,灵敏度选择性高于气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱。目标农药的平均回收率为87.0%～91.0%,平均相对标准偏差为6.45%～6.80%(n=7),方法的检出限为1μg/kg。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.