ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%～106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.     

电堆集-非水毛细管电泳分离测定甘草次酸和阿魏酸的研究

建立了电堆集富集-非水毛细管电泳(NACE)同时分离测定甘草中甘草酸和阿魏酸的新方法.系统研究了电压、非水溶剂、乙酸钠浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、样品溶剂等因素对电堆集和分离效果的影响,确立了分离和富集的最佳条件.以甲醇-乙腈(体积比4 : 6)为非水介质,30 mmol·L-1乙酸钠-2.5 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠为背景电解质;分离电压-20 kV,检测波长254 nm.在优化条件下,甘草次酸在0.80 ～12.80 mg·L-1(r＝0.999 6),阿魏酸在0.77 ～45.60 mg·L-1(r＝0.999 6)质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,回收率分别为97% ～102%,98% ～102%;甘草次酸检出限为0.069 mg·L-1,阿魏酸检出限为0.087 mg·L-1,RSD均不大于4.6%.     

测定食品及生物样品中微量锡的消化方法探讨

采用干灰化、硝酸-高氯酸、硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸和用硝酸过氧化氢微波消解4种消化方法消化样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品及生物样品中微量锡。方法线性范围为20.0μg.L-1以内,相关系数为0.999 8,经过比较,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解方法较理想,回收率分别为98.2%~101.4%和97.4%~102.8%,相对标准偏差分别为2.39%~3.85%和3.25%~3.82%。只测定锡时,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解法均可,但如锡与其他微量元素需要同时测定,为避免引入有干扰的硫酸根,以用硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解为好。     

纳氏试剂分光光度法测定土壤中全氮含量

提出了纳氏试剂分光光度法测定土壤中全氮含量。以硫酸铜为加速剂,用硫酸对土壤样品进行消解。消解完毕的溶液用400g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液调节其酸度至pH 10左右,溶液与沉淀一起移入容量瓶中,定容至200mL。移取上清液10mL于50mL比色管中,加入酒石酸钾钠溶液作掩蔽剂,加入纳氏试剂显色后,加水定容,于波长420nm处测量其吸光度并计算土壤样品中全氮含量。氮的质量浓度在2mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系。方法用于土壤样品分析,测定值与滴定法测定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.24%;回收率在92.3%~112%之间。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定美白化妆品中铅和铜

乳液和水类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢混合液消解,粉类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸混合液消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铅和铜的含量。在优化的仪器工作条件下,铅和铜的质量浓度分别在9.0 mg·L-1和11.0 mg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为21.8μg·L-1和16.2μg·L-1。方法用于美白化妆品中铅、铜的测定,测得回收率分别在98.0%~102.5%和96.7%~105.0%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定硫酸沙丁胺醇

利用高效液相色谱仪-电子捕获检测器(HPLC-ECD)测定了市售片剂硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量.结果表明,利用HPLC-ECD技术测定硫酸沙丁胺醇的线性范围为0.944~33.8mg·L-1(r=0.999 6);回收率为99.0%~107.8%(RSD≤4.6%).该法可用于测定片剂的硫酸沙丁胺含量.     

苯胺蓝-溴酸钾体系催化分光光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,亚硝酸盐对溴酸钾氧化苯胺蓝褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸盐催化分光光度方法。优化的试验条件如下:1 1.0mol·L-1硫酸溶液的用量为1.8mL;2 3×10-4 mol·L-1苯胺蓝溶液用量为1.5mL;3 0.02mol·L-1溴酸钾溶液用量为1.1mL;4反应温度为30℃。该方法的线性范围分别为0.01~0.2mg·L-1和0.2~1.0mg·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为4.6×10-6g·L-1。方法用于水样的分析,回收率在96.0%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~2.3%之间。     

磷铋钼蓝分光光度法测定水果、蔬菜及饮料中L-抗坏血酸

Bi~(3+)与Mo(Ⅵ)和PO_4~(3-)在硫酸介质中反应生成黄色的磷铋钼杂多酸,然后被L-抗坏血酸还原为磷铋钼蓝,据此建立了分光光度法测定水果、蔬菜及饮料中L-抗坏血酸的方法。优化的试验条件如下:(1)测定波长为710nm;(2)1.95×10~(-2) mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾溶液的用量为3.0mL;(3)6.51×10~(-2) mol·L~(-1)钼酸铵溶液的用量为4.0 mL;(4)2.06×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1)硝酸铋溶液的用量为1mL;(5)硫酸的浓度为0.16mol·L~(-1);(6)反应温度为室温。L-抗坏血酸的质量浓度在4~120mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系,表观摩尔吸光率为3.59×10~3L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),检出限(3s/k)为0.2 mg·L~(-1)。方法用于水果、蔬菜及饮料样品的分析,加标回收率为98.0%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.1%~2.3%。     

SmartChem140全自动化学分析仪测定土壤全氮全磷的研究

本文以胶州湾湿地土壤为样品,建立了基于SmartChem140全自动化学分析仪,同时测定土壤全氮和全磷的方法。利用全自动化学分析仪可以同时快速、准确测定土壤中的全氮和全磷,全氮和全磷分别在0~6.0mg·L-1和0~5.0mg·L-1范围内线性良好,相关系数(R2)分别为0.9994、0.9995;测定结果与凯氏定氮法、磷钼蓝比色法对比无显著差异,相对误差均小于4%,相对标准偏差分别为1.39%和1.07%,样品的加标回收率分别在97.68%~102.12%和97.35%~101.88%之间。研究结果表明,该方法准确度高、稳定性好,回收率高,操作简便,测定结果能满足对土壤全氮、全磷的监测要求。     

流动注射光度法测定水中总磷量

采用流动注射光度法测定了水中总磷量。水样经硫酸和过硫酸钾在125℃消解后,所得样品溶液中磷(PO_4~(3-))与钼酸铵生成杂多酸,经还原成钼蓝后测定其吸光度。总磷的质量浓度在1.0mg·L~(-1)以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.003mg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为0.012mg·L~(-1)。方法用于测定水样中总磷的含量,相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.5%～3.0%之间,加标回收率在95.7%～102.5%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.