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1.
改进的微悬浮聚合法制备聚合物微球   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
微悬浮聚合法是制备聚合物微球的方法之一,它是先将单体相分散为一定粒度的微液滴,再在低速搅拌(75~100r/min)下进行聚合反应~[1,2],对聚合设备无特殊要求,且避免了悬浮聚合法制备微球时连续数小时的高速搅拌~[3],只要有合适的均化器即可大批量制备1~50μm的聚合物微球,且可适当控制粒度.但由于一般单体在分散介质中均有一定的溶解性,且液滴粒径越小单体溶解度越大,致使聚合过程中单体可通过介质扩散而产生单体在不同粒  相似文献   

2.
利用预乳化乳液法制备了不同单体配比的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-co-甲基丙烯酸-co-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)(P(MMA-co-MAA-co-HEMA))微凝胶分散液;采用透射电子显微镜、动态光散射仪研究了微凝胶的微观形态、粒径大小及其溶胀率;利用试管倒转法对微凝胶分散液的凝胶化相转变行为进行了研究,借助椎板流变仪考察了所形成胶态凝胶的储能模量与单体配比、微凝胶分散液浓度和温度的关系.结果表明,所制备的微凝胶的数均粒径为90 nm左右,当MMA与MAA的投料质量不变时,随着HEMA含量的增加,分散液凝胶化所需的临界最小浓度增大,临界最大pH值减小,胶态凝胶的储能模量增加.当保持单体MMA与HEMA的投料质量不变时,随着单体MAA投料质量的增多,微凝胶的数均粒径和溶胀率增大,胶态凝胶的储能模量先升高后降低;当MAA占单体总摩尔数的25%时,浓度为15 wt%的微凝胶分散液在扫描频率为100 rad/s时,胶态凝胶的储能模量最高可达2×104Pa.这类微凝胶分散液在组织工程支架材料方面有潜在的应用价值.  相似文献   

3.
以易去除可回用的壳聚糖(CS)为分散剂,通过微悬浮聚合制备微米级的软硬质聚合物胶粒.考察不同酸碱度下水相介质中CS大分子链的质子化程度、亲疏水性和形态结构,及其对油水界面处CS存在形态的影响,进而评估其对剪切均质化所制单体液滴的分散稳定作用.发现通过调节体系pH值可较容易地控制CS大分子链的质子化程度、亲疏水性以及在单体液滴表面的吸附效率和铺展程度,进而可在弱酸性环境下调控微悬浮聚合体系中CS的分散能力和稳定效果.特别是当pH值在6.0左右时,CS大分子链质子化程度和亲疏水性适中,链内易形成具有一定内聚密度的高分子链收缩构象、链间易形成由多根CS链缠结而成的疏松聚集状态.在此状态下的CS链对苯丙单体液滴具有较强的分散能力和稳定作用,因而通过微悬浮聚合可制得形态结构规整、分散状态良好的聚合物粒子.进一步与微悬浮聚合常用的无机粉末类和高分子类分散剂进行应用效果比较,发现CS具有形态调控性好、分散稳定效率高、易去除能回用、特别适合制备软质微米胶粒等优点,是一种有别于无机粉末类和高分子类分散剂的新型微悬浮聚合分散剂.  相似文献   

4.
以丙烯酰胺与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为单体,偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐为引发剂,聚丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为稳定剂,在乙醇和水的混合介质中采用分散聚合的方法制备具有温度敏感性的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺水分散微球。利用1HNMR和FTIR对共聚物的结构进行了表征,与此同时采用光学显微镜、TEM、激光粒度仪对聚合物微球的形貌、粒径等进行了系统研究。结果表明,随着醇水比的降低,微球的粒径逐渐减小,特性粘数逐渐增加;随着稳定剂浓度的增加,微球粒径逐渐减小。对阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺水分散微球的变温紫外研究结果表明,分散液具有明显的温敏性。随着温度在5~50℃范围内变化,分散液呈现从乳白色到透明状态的可逆变化。这是由于分散液微球的粒径随温度变化而发生可逆变化的结果。  相似文献   

5.
采用二乙烯基苯-55(DVB-55)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)作为混合交联剂,乙腈为溶剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体采用沉淀聚合法合成了单分散或窄分散的、表面具有羧基的交联聚合物微球,所得微球的粒径变化范围为0.6~3.8μm.通过调节交联剂DVB-55和EGDMA的投料比,可以对微球的粒径、粒径分布、产率、热稳定性以及表面官能团含量进行有效控制.文中对混合交联剂DVB-55与EGDMA比例的改变对微球的粒径、粒径分布以及产率的影响机理给出了理论解释;对DVB和EGDMA的兼容性研究表明,制备的三元聚合物微球的核拥有比投料比稍多的DVB单元,而微球的外层则以在预聚混合物中占更大比例的交联剂为主.  相似文献   

6.
本文建立了基于分散液液微萃取-悬浮固化-液相色谱法检测杂粮中三嗪类除草剂和三唑类杀菌剂的分析方法。杂粮样品经分散液液微萃取法提取,悬浮固化法收集萃取剂,高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器进行定量分析。在分散液液微萃取过程中,微量的绿色萃取剂以小液滴的形式快速分散,有助于增大与目标分析物的接触面积并提高萃取效率。萃取剂选用密度低且凝固点低的十二醇,萃取完成后,萃取剂悬浮于表层,通过离心和冰浴固化便可实现该绿色萃取剂的高效分离。本实验对萃取剂种类、萃取剂体积、盐用量、超声时间等影响因素进行了优化。4种农药在50~5 000μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.79~7.41μg/kg。本方法可以应用于荞麦、燕麦、藜麦和小米等杂粮样品,回收率为71.69%~97.55%。  相似文献   

7.
由聚酯二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸合成聚氨酯预聚体,以氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧(AEAPS)为扩链剂,制备了AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液。与未改性的聚氨酯水分散液相比,AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液的粒径增大,但粒径分布和表面张力基本不变,说明疏水的聚二甲基硅氧烷侧链被包裹于分散颗粒的内部;此外,改性聚氨酯水分散液的冻融稳定性显著增强。AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液成膜后,吸水率明显下降,水在膜表面的接触角增加,400℃时热失重下降,具有良好的疏水性和耐热性。  相似文献   

8.
分散液液微萃取技术的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分散液液微萃取是一种基于传统液液萃取的新型样品前处理技术。该文以分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的筛选为出发点,综述了低密度萃取剂、辅助萃取剂、反萃取剂和离子液体等低毒性萃取剂在该技术中的应用,以及应用自制装置、溶剂去乳化、悬浮萃取剂固化,辅助萃取,反萃取和离子液体-分散液液微萃取等萃取模式;并简要评述了该技术与液液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、超临界流体萃取、超声辅助萃取等其他样品前处理技术的联用特性。  相似文献   

9.
分散聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以苯乙烯为单体、二乙烯基苯为交联剂,通过优化反应条件,制备了平均粒径为3.28~9.04 μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球和平均粒径为6.60 μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球.探讨了单体浓度、引发剂含量、分散稳定剂用量对微球粒径和分散性的影响.热稳定性分析表明:交联聚苯乙烯微球耐热性明显优于线性聚苯乙烯.  相似文献   

10.
反应原料组成对单分散苯乙烯微球粒径及其分布的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用分散聚合工艺制备微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球,并对分散聚合反应的内部影响因素(分散稳定剂、助稳定剂、单体、引发剂)进行了研究.结果表明,随着分散稳定剂和助稳定剂用量的增加,聚苯乙烯微球的粒径减小;随着单体和引发剂用量的增加,聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大.分散稳定剂和单体用量是影响聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的两个主要内部因素.  相似文献   

11.
纳米二氧化硅包覆颜料黄的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用静电自组装技术成功地将纳米二氧化硅粒子包覆在颜料黄的表面.研究结果表明,预吸附的聚电解质层数显著影响纳米二氧化硅的吸附量.随着包覆二氧化硅层数的增加,覆盖率逐渐增加,但包覆三层二氧化硅后,覆盖趋于平衡.吸附的纳米二氧化硅不仅可以提高颜料黄的亲水性,而且还能够散射紫外线,尤其是波长小于270nm的紫外线,提高了颜料黄的耐候性,同时又不影响颜料黄本身的颜色.  相似文献   

12.
A new method is described, based on living amphipathic random macro-RAFT copolymers, which enables the efficient polymeric encapsulation of both inorganic and organic particulate materials via free-radical polymerization. The mechanism for this new approach is examined in the context of the polymer coating of zirconia- and alumina-coated titanium dioxide particles and its breadth of application demonstrated by the coating of organic phthalocyanine blue pigment particles. The particulate materials were first dispersed in water using a macro-RAFT copolymer as a stabilizer. Monomer and water-soluble initiator were then added to the system, and the monomer polymerized to form the coating. If nucleation of new polymer particles in the aqueous phase was to be avoided, it was found necessary to use a macro-RAFT copolymer that did not form micelles; within this constraint, a broad range of RAFT agents could be used. The macro-RAFT agents used in this work were found not to transfer competitively in the aqueous phase and therefore did not support growth of aqueous-phase polymer. Successful encapsulation of particles was demonstrated by TEM. The process described enables 100% of the particles to be encapsulated with greater than 95% of the polymer finishing up in the polymeric shells around the particles. Moreover, the coating reaction can be carried out at greater than 50% solids in many cases and avoids the agglomeration of particles during the coating step.  相似文献   

13.
Small organic pigments were incorporated in TEOS derived sol-gel layers on glass. The layers were characterised on transparency, lightfastness and pencil hardness. It was found that transparent layers can be made. Pigment loaded layers have a better lightfastness than layers into which dyes are incorporated. As only moderate curing temperatures (160°C) were applied, the organic fraction originating from the organic stabilizer present in the pigment dispersion remains to a large extent in the layer. Therefore the pencil hardness decreases with the amount of stabilizer used to disperse the pigment particles. The type of pigment has no influence on the pencil hardness.  相似文献   

14.
This study presents a very simple method to fabricate organic–inorganic asymmetric colloid spheres. In this approach, when silica particles are used as the Pickering emulsifier to stabilize the monomer droplets (styrene) in water via acid–base interaction between silica particles and auxiliary monomer (1‐vinylimidazole), the exposed surfaces of silica particles are very easy to be locally modified with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. When water‐based initiator is added, polystyrene–silica asymmetric colloid spheres are highly yielded. The sizes of silica and polymer particles can be tunable. These organic–inorganic anisotropic colloid spheres can self‐assemble into an interesting thickness‐dependent film. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011  相似文献   

15.
以S-萘普生为模板,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮为功能单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂分别按照摩尔比1/4/10、1/4/20和1/4/30合成了分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。采用UV和Chem 3D Pro软件计算模拟研究了功能单体与模板分子之间的相互作用,经半经验量化PM3方法计算得到功能单体与模板分子之间的相互作用能为-20.97 kJ/mol。探讨了交联度对MIP吸附性能和识别能力的影响,结果表明在所研究的O~4mmol/L浓度范围内,MIP对S-萘普生的结合量随着交联度的增加而减小,而交联度为88%的印迹聚合物P3对S-萘普生和阿司匹林的分离因子为2.70,交联度为83%的聚合物P2的分离因子为2.60,交联度为71%的聚合物P1的分离因子为1.44,即高交联度MIP的识别能力优于低交联度的。  相似文献   

16.
本文利用KFM 研究了n-Si/TiO2/偶氮类颜料微纳米尺度下的光生电荷转移性质, 为进一步理解光电活性体系工作的微观机理提供了依据.  相似文献   

17.
Quaternary ammonium salt, (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride was used to synthesize nanohydrogel and composite particles such as inorganic–organic hybrid composites and hydrogel nanoparticles with magnetic properties utilizing a water-in-oil microemulsion system. The positively charged cationic monomer was chosen to promote silica hydrolysis and condensation to prepare silica-hydrogel nanocomposite particles with interesting morphologies. It was shown that highly monodisperse, completely charged nanohydrogel can be used to encapsulate ferrite particles. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that cationic nanohydrogel particles with variant morphology can be prepared by employing suitable silica precursor. Morphology, structure, properties, and size of nanocomposite materials were explored utilizing transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer.  相似文献   

18.
电泳显示微胶囊的制备和性能   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
以有机颜料联苯胺黄为显色粒子, 四氯乙烯和甲苯混合溶液为分散介质, 油溶性蓝N为吸光染料, 用超分散剂CH-2C分散颜料粒子, 脲醛树脂为壁材, 通过一步原位聚合法制备了电泳显示微胶囊. 通过显微镜检查微胶囊的表面形貌及粒径, 并对微胶囊内颜料粒子的电场响应特性和显示性能进行考察. 结果表明, 所得微胶囊表面光滑, 囊壁透明, 囊内颜料粒子对电场变化能够快速可逆地响应, 并具有双稳显示特性.  相似文献   

19.
Methacrylic monomer was used in soap-free emulsion polymerization in order to obtain a stable dispersion containing particles of the polymerized monomer. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) or 1,1′-azobis(1-acetoxy-1-phenylethane) (OTAZO-15) were used as the radical initiator. Although particles with a size of about 1.0 μm were obtained when using methyl methacrylate as the monomer and AIBN as the initiator, the particles did not exhibit good dispersion stability. When OTAZO-15, which has phenyl rings, was used as the initiator, the monomer phase solidified instead of forming particles in the aqueous phase. Benzyl methacrylate (BMA) monomer, which contains a phenyl ring, was polymerized using AIBN. Negatively charged particles with a size of 0.90 μm were formed. These particles exhibited good dispersion stability probably because of the pi electrons of the phenyl ring in the BMA monomer. The method in this study allows the synthesis of nearly micron-sized particles without surfactant, organic solvent, and electrolyte.  相似文献   

20.
Many false positives in early drug discovery owe to nonspecific inhibition by colloid-like aggregates of organic molecules. Despite their prevalence, little is known about aggregate concentration, structure, or dynamic equilibrium; the binding mechanism, stoichiometry with, and affinity for enzymes remain uncertain. To investigate the elementary question of concentration, we counted aggregate particles using flow cytometry. For seven aggregate-forming molecules, aggregates were not observed until the concentration of monomer crossed a threshold, indicating a "critical aggregation concentration" (CAC). Above the CAC, aggregate count increased linearly with added organic material, while the particles dispersed when diluted below the CAC. The concentration of monomeric organic molecule is constant above the CAC, as is the size of the aggregate particles. For two compounds that form large aggregates, nicardipine and miconazole, we measured particle numbers directly by flow cytometry, determining that the aggregate concentration just above the CAC ranged from 5 to 30 fM. By correlating inhibition of an enzyme with aggregate count for these two drugs, we determined that the stoichiometry of binding is about 10,000 enzyme molecules per aggregate particle. Using measured volumes for nicardipine and miconazole aggregate particles (2.1 x 10(11) and 4.7 x 10(10) A(3), respectively), computed monomer volumes, and the observation that past the CAC all additional monomer forms aggregate particles, we find that aggregates are densely packed particles. Finally, given their size and enzyme stoichiometry, all sequestered enzyme can be comfortably accommodated on the surface of the aggregate.  相似文献   

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