自支撑石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米纤维薄膜的制备及其电化学电容行为

用真空抽滤氧化石墨（GO）与聚苯胺（PANI）纳米纤维的混合分散溶液,流动组装得到自支撑GO/PANI复合薄膜,再利用气态水合肼还原其中的GO,最后重新氧化和掺杂还原态PANI,制备了自支撑石墨烯（GN）/PANI薄膜.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,GN/PANI薄膜为层状结构,且PANI纳米纤维均匀插层于GN片间.PANI纳米纤维在复合薄膜中的存在有效增大了GN之间的层间距,有利于电解液离也GN充分接触.GN的高电导性则有利于PANI氧化还原过程中的电荷传输.电化学测试表明,GN/PANI薄膜在1 mol·L^-1HCl电解液中具有良好的电化学电容性能,在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下的比容量为495 F·g^-1,在3A·g^-1时为313 F·g^-1.经过2000次连续充放电,其具有90%的电容保持率,表明该复合材料具有良好的电化学稳定性.     

原位聚合法制备PANI/PET导电织物及其性能分析

在聚酯纤维基材及其织物表面,原位聚合形成厚度约1~2μm聚苯胺包覆层,制得聚苯胺(PANI)/聚酯(PET)导电织物.PANI层优异的导电性能使之成为有广阔发展前景的柔性电磁屏蔽材料.正交试验分析研究了苯胺单体浓度、氧化剂:苯胺摩尔比、掺杂酸浓度、反应时间对PANI包覆层外观形态、与基体结合牢度以及导电性的影响.实验表明:在经适当前处理的PET基材表面,以苯胺单体浓度为0.25mol/L、氧化剂与苯胺摩尔比为1∶1、掺杂酸浓度0.5 mol/L、反应时间60 min、反应温度为0~20℃时制备的PANI/PET导电织物方阻最小,导电性最好;掺杂酸酸性越强,导电性越好.SEM、FTIR及XRD测试表明涤纶织物表面有均匀连续的聚苯胺膜存在.分析表明聚苯胺分子链中氧化结构与还原结构含量基本相等,说明聚苯胺渗入纤维内部,使纤维无定形区面积增加,结晶度减小.     

三元复合材料PANI／Ag／MWNT的电化学行为和比电容

通过原位聚合的方式在银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（Ag/MWCNT）复合材料的表面成功聚合苯胺单体制备了聚苯胺/银纳米粒子/多壁碳纳米管（PANI/Ag/MWCNT）三元复合材料苯．通过对三元复合材料的结构以及表面形貌进行分析,表明聚苯胺层完全包覆了Ag/MWCNT复合材料,形成了核壳式结构．同时银纳米粒子则以单质晶体的形态存在于多壁碳纳米管与聚苯胺层之间．三元复合材料电极在1 mol/L的KOH溶液中具有极低的阻抗,而与聚苯胺电极相比,这些复合材料电极则表现出更低的电阻、更高的电化学活性和更好的循环稳定性．尤其是当苯胺和Ag：MWCNTs质量比为5：5时,该复合材料电极在0.25 A/g的电流密度下表现出最大的比电容值为160 F/g．     

脉冲电流法电解合成聚苯胺

在0.2mol/L苯胺和0.5mol/LH₂SO₄介质中采用脉冲电流法电解合成聚苯胺(PANI)膜.循环伏安研究表明,与恒电流法相比,脉冲电流法制得的PANI膜具有更好的电化学活性.扫描电镜(SEM)对膜层的微观形貌观察发现,这种特殊的聚苯胺膜层呈纳米纤维状结构,不同于恒电流法制取的颗粒状PANI膜.讨论了脉冲通断比和频率对于膜层性能的影响.     

氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及电化学电容性能的研究

以对苯二胺为引发剂,用苯胺和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,采用化学原位聚合法制备了氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺(GP)复合材料,不添加任何表面活性剂和模板剂。采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对复合材料进行了物性表征,并对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果显示,复合材料保持了氧化石墨烯的基本形貌,聚苯胺纤维分布在氧化石墨烯层间及所形成的褶皱上。二者形成的二元纳米复合材料,发挥良好的协同作用,电化学性能得到了改善。当电流密度为0.5A·g-1时,复合材料的比电容可以达到623F·g-1,远大于石墨烯和聚苯胺单体的比电容。     

TiO_2聚苯胺复合膜的光电化学

利用电化学方法制备了TiO2 聚苯胺 (PANI)复合膜 .该膜具有比TiO2 或PANI膜更宽的吸收谱区 ,并且不同于利用聚苯胺光敏化的TiO2 膜 ,表现为两者复合材料膜的性质 .扫描电镜图表明 ,TiO2 微粒不完全覆盖着PANI膜 .根据TiO2 微粒光电流谱带的阈值能可得复盖在部分氧化态聚苯胺膜上的TiO2 微粒的禁带宽度为 3.0eV .部分氧化态聚苯胺膜的光电流谱遵循Fowler定律 ( 1/2 ～hυ成线性 ) .通过Fowler图得出部分氧化态聚苯胺的绝缘母体禁带宽度为 3.33eV ,并证实该绝缘母体为还原态聚苯胺 .从Mott Schottky图得到在 0 .0 5mol/LK3Fe(CN) 6 /K4 Fe(CN) 6 溶液中 (pH =8.52 )部分氧化态聚苯胺的平带电位为 0 .13V ,掺杂浓度为 5.3× 10 18cm- 3;TiO2 PANI复合膜的平带电位为 - 0 .6 5V ,掺杂浓度为 9.1× 10 19cm- 3.解释了TiO2 PANI复合膜的光电化学过程并描绘出其能带图 .利用TiO2 PANI复合膜能够有效地光降解苯酚溶液 .     

MnO2/PPy/PANI三元纳米管复合材料的合成及其电化学电容性能

在聚苯胺（PANI）和二氧化锰（MnO2）存在的条件下,以FeCl3/甲基橙为模板,通过化学氧化法聚合吡咯(Py)单体,制备MnO2/PPy/PANI纳米管复合材料。 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和电化学测试等多种测试技术对复合材料进行物性表征和电化学电容性能测试,并讨论了不同含量的PANI对复合物材料的结构和性能的影响。 结果表明,由于PANI、MnO2与PPy三者的相互协同作用,以及材料管状结构的大比表面积,使三元复合材料具有比二元复合材料要大的电化学活性。 所合成的三元复合材料最大比容量达到458.4 F/g。     

有机化学接枝-电化学沉积聚合制备CNTs/PANI纳米复合材料

通过有机化学合成法先在碳纳米管表面接枝上苯胺单体,然后在不锈钢电极表面在硫酸溶液中采用循环伏安法电化学沉积聚合制得碳纳米管/聚苯胺(CNTs/PANI)纳米复合材料.扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱表征所得材料的微观结构和基团,循环伏安和恒流充放电测试用于考察所得CNTs/PANI纳米复合材料的电化学性能.所得结果与...     

含水状态对细菌纤维素/聚苯胺复合凝胶膜制备及性能的影响

以不同含水量细菌纤维素为模板,苯胺单体为原料原位聚合生成聚苯胺,制备出不同含水量细菌纤维素/聚苯胺(HBC/PANI、LBC/PANI及DBC/PANI)复合凝胶膜,系统研究了细菌纤维素凝胶膜含水量和反应时间对苯胺原位聚合以及复合凝胶膜微观形貌、电学性能和力学性能的影响.扫描电镜照片表明聚苯胺均匀包覆在BC纤维上形成导电网络结构;四探针测试表明聚合时间90 min时导电率最高;低含水量加快了聚合反应速度,提高了复合凝胶膜的电导率,而完全干燥则使电导率降低;交流阻抗测试也表明低含水量可以明显提高材料的离子导电性;力学性能测试结果表明了BC/PANI复合凝胶膜具有良好的机械性能,抗拉强度可达0.21 MPa,同时低含水量不会降低复合凝胶膜的力学性能.     

还原氧化石墨烯表面聚苯胺纳米阵列的制备及电化学电容性能

本文以阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为模板,通过恒电位法在自组装还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)膜表面制备有序聚苯胺(PANI)纳米线阵列。通过拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜分别对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并对PANI纳米线阵列的电化学电容性能进行了测试。结果表明,rGO膜表面可电沉积PANI,电沉积得到的PANI纳米线阵列具有比PANI薄膜材料更高的电容和比电容。     

Effect of electrostatic forces control on the structure and properties of polyaniline/graphene oxide nanocomposite

The effects of electrostatic forces (EF), control on the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of polyaniline, PANI/graphene oxide (GO), nanocomposites prepared by interfacial electropolymerization (IEP), are studied in this work. FESEM images showed that the IEP method can form the PANI/GO nanocomposites when the EF-control has been found mainly on the PANI nanofibers formation and growth on the GO film surface; and the EF-enhancement can form PANI nanofibers with small nano-diameter, longer length, uniform morphology, high order and well orientation as compared with the EF-reduction-formed sample. The EF-enhancement-formed PANI/GO nanocomposite showed improved electrochemical properties than that of the EF-reduction-formed sample due to the EF-enhancement that enhances the C–N structure for PANI/GO nanocomposite.     

石墨烯-ITO复合电极对聚苯胺薄膜电致变色性质的影响

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),首先,石墨与浓硫酸、过硫酸钾和五氧化二磷反应制得强氧化产物,随后将其与浓硫酸、硝酸钠、高锰酸钾反应,经双氧水发泡、酸洗、超声等合成氧化石墨烯水溶液,再通过金属箔还原和基底转移过程制备GO-氧化铟锡(ITO)复合电极材料.通过金属箔还原和基底转移过程制备GO-氧化铟锡(ITO)复合电极材料.利用电化学聚合法在GO-ITO复合电极上制备聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,并对其形貌结构、电化学及电致变色性质进行表征.结果表明,与ITO电极相比,采用GO-ITO复合电极制备的PANI的成膜性得到明显改善,复合电极具有更加均匀细致的颗粒表面,增大了聚合物与电解液之间的接触面积,为电致变色过程中平衡离子的注入/脱出提供了更多的通道,因而PANI薄膜在700nm处的光学对比度提高了约13%,响应速度缩短了约2.6 s,着色效率高达169.6 cm2/C.GO的引入保持了PANI良好的电化学稳定性.GO-ITO复合电极有效改善了聚合物的综合性能,对于聚合物电致变色材料及器件的开发具有潜在的应用前景.     

Three-dimensional paper-like graphene framework with highly orientated laminar structure as binder-free supercapacitor electrode

A free-standing paper-like three-dimensional graphene framework(3DGF) with orientated laminar structure and interconnected macropores, was obtained by the hard template-directed ordered assembly. As the sacrificial templates, polystyrene(PS) latex spheres were assembled with graphene oxide(GO) to build up a sandwich type composite film, followed by heat removal of which with a simultaneous reduction of GO. The 3DGF exhibited high specific surface area of 402.5 m2/g, controllable pores and mechanical flexibility, which was employed as the binder-free supercapacitor electrode and shows high specific gravimetric capacitance of 95 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with enhanced rate capability in 3 electrode KOH system.     

Graphene oxide‐induced polymerization and crystallization to produce highly conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composite

Graphene oxide (GO)–polyaniline (PANI) composite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of GO as oxidant, resulting in highly crystalline and conductive composite. Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirms aniline polymerization in the presence of GO without using conventional oxidants. Scanning electron microscopic images show the formation of PANI nanofibers attached to GO sheets. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the presence of highly crystalline PANI. The sharp peaks in XRD pattern suggest GO sheets not only play an important role in the polymerization of aniline but also in inducing highly crystalline phase of PANI in the final composite. Electrical conductivity of doped GO–PANI composite is 582.73 S m^?1, compared with 20.3 S m^?1 for GO–PANI obtained by ammonium persulfate assisted polymerization. The higher conductivity appears to be the result of higher crystallinity and/or chemical grafting of PANI to GO, which creates common conjugated paths between GO and PANI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1545–1554     

硒/氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛复合薄膜的制备及光电转换性质

将氧化石墨烯(GO)掺入钛酸溶胶中,以导电玻璃(ITO)为基底,经浸渍-涂覆-煅烧得到GO/TiO2复合薄膜;采用电沉积技术在GO/TiO2薄膜表面沉积Se纳米微粒,得到Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜;利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了复合薄膜的形貌和晶体结构,采用紫外可见光谱仪测定了其光谱学性质,利用光电转换实验测定了其光电转换性质.结果表明,所制备的Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜各组分分布均匀,具有锐钛矿相结构的TiO2颗粒粒径为20nm,与TiO2结合的GO具有分散片层结构,薄膜中的Se颗粒粒径为60～80nm.与此同时,在Se和GO的共同作用下,Se/GO/TiO2复合薄膜对可见光有很好的光电转换效应.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on platinum particles dispersed in SWNT/PANI composite film

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/Polyaniline (PANI) composite film with good dispersion was prepared by electropolymerization of aniline containing well-dissolved SWNTs. Platinum (Pt) particles were electrodeposited on the SWNT/PANI composite film subsequently. The presence of SWNTs and platinum in the composite film was confirmed by XRD analysis. Four-point probe investigation exhibits that the electrical conductivity of SWNT/PANI composite film is significantly higher than that of pure PANI film. Cyclic voltammogram and Chronoamperogram show that Pt-modified SWNT/PANI electrode performs higher electrocatalytic activity than Pt-modified pure PANI electrode toward formic acid oxidation.     

聚苯胺对纳米CdS的光致发光增强效应

利用电化学脉冲沉积法在聚苯胺(PANI)膜上制备了纳米CdS/PANI复合膜,并利用扫描电镜光谱、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、拉曼和荧光等光谱技术表征复合膜的形貌、结构及性质.CdS/PANI复合膜中CdS微粒呈现量子尺寸效应;CdS和PANI间存在相互作用;由于聚苯胺和CdS能级的合适匹配,聚苯胺对CdS的光致发光(PL)有增强效应,增强机理为光生载流子的传递机理.     

Physicochemical interactions between polyaniline and graphene oxide: the reasons for the stability of their chemical structure and thermal properties

Several works are reported in the literature on the use of a conducting polymer such as polyaniline (PANI) and its combination with graphene oxide (GO). Graphene derivatives have an important contribution to improve the electrochemical performance of charge transfer and polarization of the polymer in energy storage cells. To understand the chemical phenomena in PANI–GO interaction, this article presents the relationships of the thermal, chemical, and morphostructural properties of this composite material. This synergistic effect between the materials is responsible for performance enhancing. Therefore, in this work, after PANI electrosynthesis on carbon fiber and further dipping of GO, Field Emission Gun, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Excited Electron Photon Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and thermogravimetric techniques were used to characterize these materials. GO tends to stabilize the molecular structure of PANI in its protonation/deprotonation and redox processes. Through thermal analysis, it was possible to observe that GO increases the stability of PANI at higher temperatures, minimizing mass loss rates and changing the polymer's glass transition temperature. And when observing the structure of the material under the influence of temperature, the GO kept the structures practically unaltered (PANI crystallographic orientation) up to 150 °C. These facts highlight important material stability data to be considered in energy storage system applications.