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1.
甲烷晶体的晶格能和弹性性质: 不同方法及泛函的评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对甲烷晶体进行结构、晶格能和弹性特性的研究, 评估了不包含和包含色散能量修正的密度泛函理论的性能. 我们分别利用不包含色散能量修正的密度泛函理论(DFT) (包含不同的标准泛函和杂化泛函)和包含色散能量修正的密度泛函理论(DFT-D)计算了甲烷晶体特性, 并与实验作对比. 尽管DFT-D 与传统密度泛函理论及杂化密度泛函理论相比, 修正了甲烷晶体中的范德华(vdW)相互作用, 但是一些修正方案过分修正了这种相互作用. 因此, 人们在使用DFT-D方法时务必谨慎.  相似文献   

2.
采用密度泛函理论对Rh(111)表面上CO和O的吸附和共吸附进行了系统的研究,计算了三类不同的共吸附结构.从吸附能和化学位移的角度,通过与已有实验结果对比,推断出可能存在的吸附构型.CO和O之间存在较大的排斥作用,在表面上竞争吸附.电子结构分析发现,这种排斥作用来源于CO和O之间与Rh的d轨道成键的竞争.用密度泛函理论计算的化学位移与实验测量结果一致,说明化学位移的理论计算能辅助对表面结构的预测.  相似文献   

3.
采用基于密度泛函理论的PBEPBE方法对铂(Pt)掺杂的氮化硼(BN)纳米管进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明, Pt原子突出BN纳米管表面, Pt的d轨道暴露到外面, 使它更容易和外来分子发生相互作用, 提高了纳米管的反应活性. Pt取代掺杂缩小了纳米管的能隙, 从而提高BN纳米管的导电性. 一氧化碳(CO)在Pt掺杂BN纳米管上的吸附行为表明, 2个CO能化学吸附到纳米管表面, 更多的CO分子吸附是物理吸附.  相似文献   

4.
密度泛函活性理论(DFRT)运用简单的密度泛函探讨和定量化分子的反应活性,是近来发展起来的一个关于分子活性理论的新方法。在新近的文献中,这样的简单密度泛函的例子包括香农熵,费舍尔信息以及其它来自信息论中的密度泛函。本文综述了DFRT信息论方法的原理,包括物理信息极小原理、最小信息增益原理和信息守恒原理。总结了DFRT信息论方法在电子密度、形态密度和分子中的原子三种表述下的理论框架。此外,还介绍了运用信息论方法在定量描述空间位阻效应、亲电性、亲核性和区域选择性中的突出应用,以及对亲电芳香取代反应的邻对间位取代效应的起源和本质提供的一个全新诠释。最后简要地展望了该领域的几个可能的未来发展方向。  相似文献   

5.
AB2型聚合物流体的表面结构性质   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下, 应用改进的基本度量理论(MFMT)表达硬球作用对自由能泛函的贡献, 根据统计力学理论结合加权密度近似(WDA)表达聚合作用对自由能泛函的贡献, 建立了描述AB2型聚合物流体的化学势, 得到了聚合物流体在硬球颗粒表面的密度分布表达式, 计算了聚合物流体在硬球颗粒表面附近的密度分布, 并探讨了体积分数、聚合程度和硬球颗粒尺度对体系密度分布的影响. 此外, 通过体系密度分布, 进一步分析了体积分数、聚合程度和硬球颗粒尺度与剩余吸附的关系.  相似文献   

6.
用从头算和密度泛函理论准确预测分子的酸碱性仍然是一个悬而未决的理论和计算难题. 近年来运用密度泛函活性理论(DFRT)发展的分子静电势和价自然原子轨道等概念为该问题的解决提供了一个简单而有效的途径. 最近我们还提出用Hammett常数预测分子酸碱性, 并发现对苯甲酸衍生物其预测精度与DFRT方法一致. 本文将这两个新方法运用于苯酚衍生物体系以验证其普适性, 一共计算了83个体系. 发现二者均可以得到较好的预测精度, 且DFRT方法比Hammett常数结果稍好. 对进一步从局部和整体角度理解分子性质的起源以及这些性质的决定因素提供了有益启示. 该文同时还验证了Hammett常数求和规则的普适性.  相似文献   

7.
用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及B3 LYlP泛函在6-311++G**水平上,对苯并咪唑羧酸(L)及其3种碱土金属配合物ML(M=Mg,Ca,Ba)的基态(S0)结构进行优化,用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)在6-311++G**水平下计算其吸收光谱.用单激发组态相互作用(CIS)法在HF/6-31+G*上优化其最低激发单重态(S1)的几何结构,用ID-DFT B3IYP/6-311++G**计算其发射光谱.结果表明,配体L与M(Ⅱ)结合成ML后,随原子序数的增大(Mg相似文献   

8.
设计了一个面向高年级本科生或低年级研究生的计算化学探索实验,即利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算烯丙基正离子的旋转异构反应。该实验设计了反应物结构优化、过渡态寻找、内禀反应坐标建立等过程,可以较为全面地帮助学生了解计算化学的基本概念与操作,加深对分子微观结构的感知以及对过渡态理论中“旧键即将断裂,新键即将形成”概念的理解。本实验通过旋转异构反应的势能面的构建,也可以帮助学生认识反应热力学和动力学的差别。通过进一步的电荷布居分析以及前线轨道分析,可以帮助学生直观地学习并理解分子的电子结构以及反应活性位点概念。  相似文献   

9.
在密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下,应用改进的基本度量理论(MFMT)和统计力学理论结合加权密度近似(WDA)分别表示硬球作用和聚合作用对自由能泛函的贡献,建立了描述ABg型超支化聚合物流体的化学势,得到了聚合物流体在平行板间的密度分布表达式,计算了聚合物流体在两平行板间的密度分布,并探讨了体积分数、反应程度和单体中B类官能团数对体系密度分布的影响.此外,通过体系密度分布,进一步分析了反应程度、板间宽度与溶剂化力的关系.  相似文献   

10.
六元碳环邻位对称取代的Λ-型分子非线性光学系数的计算   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的BHandHLYP/6-31G*方法,对3类含有六元碳环的Λ-型分子的几何构型进行优化.在优化结构的基础上,结合有限场方法(FF)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对分子的二阶非线性光学(NLO)活性及电子吸收光谱进行研究.结果表明,在拐点处环己烷的构象不同时,分子电荷分布、偶极矩、极化率、二阶NLO系数和电子吸收光谱等变化很小.以苯环为拐点片段的分子有所不同,当支链取代基R增大时,以苯环为拐点片段分子的极化率和二阶NLO系数增加明显.  相似文献   

11.
Chemical concepts such as structure,bonding,reactivity,etc.have been widely used in the literature and text books to appreciate molecular properties and chemical transformations.Even though modern theoretical and computational chemistry is well established from the perspective of accuracy and complexity,how to quantify these concepts is a still unresolved task.Conceptual density functional theory and its related recent developments provide unique opportunities to tackle this problem.In this Special Issue,27 contributions from top investigators over the world are collected to highlight the state-of-art research on this topic,which not only showcases the status of where we are now but also unveils a number to possible future directions to be pursued.  相似文献   

12.
13.
In this work, we make use of a model chemistry within Density Functional Theory (DFT) recently presented, which is called M05-2X, to calculate the molecular structure of the flavonoid Rutin, as well as to predict the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectra, the dipole moment and polarizability, the free energy of solvation in different solvents as an indication of solubility, the HOMO and LUMO orbitals, and the chemical reactivity parameters that arise from Conceptual DFT. The calculated values are compared with the available experimental data for this molecule as a means of validation of the used model chemistry.  相似文献   

14.
15.
The Woodward-Hoffmann rules for pericyclic reactions are explained entirely in terms of directly observable physical properties of molecules (specifically changes in electron density) without any recourse to model-dependent concepts, such as orbitals and aromaticity. This results in a fundamental explanation of how the physics of molecular interactions gives rise to the chemistry of pericyclic reactions. This construction removes one of the key outstanding problems in the qualitative density-functional theory of chemical reactivity (the so-called conceptual DFT). One innovation in this paper is that the link between molecular-orbital theory and conceptual DFT is treated very explicitly, revealing how molecular-orbital theory can be used to provide "back-of-the-envelope" approximations to the reactivity indicators of conceptual DFT.  相似文献   

16.
双螺旋金属(Ⅱ)卟啉的结构、电子光谱及其反应活性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
  相似文献   

17.
18.
Conceptual density functional theory is exploited to understand the reactivity in a medium of solvents with increasing dielectric constants. Aprotic as well as protic solvents are used for this study. It is found that the global parameters, such as chemical potential and hardness, decrease from gas phase to solvent phase with increasing dielectric constant. However, it is observed that the Fukui functions of the reactive atoms increase significantly with the dielectric constants of the aprotic solvents while for the protic solvents the variation of the reactivity indices is insignificant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, we present a short account of some recent developments of self-interaction-free density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) for accurate and efficient treatment of the electronic structure, and time-dependent quantum dynamics of many-electron atomic and molecular systems. The conventional DFT calculations using approximate and explicit exchange-correlation energy functional contain spurious self-interaction energy and improper long-range asymptotic potential, preventing reliable treatment of the excited, resonance, and continuum states. We survey some recent developments of DFT/TDDFT with optimized effective potential (OEP) and self-interaction correction (SIC) for both atomic and molecular systems for overcoming some of the above mentioned difficulties. These DFT (TDDFT)/OEP-SIC approaches allow the use of orbital-independent single-particle local potential which is self-interaction free. In addition we discuss several numerical techniques recently developed for efficient and high-precision treatment of the self-interaction-free DFT/TDDFT equations. The usefulness of these procedures is illustrated by a few case studies of atomic, molecular, and condensed matter processes of current interests, including (a) autoionizing resonances, (b) relativistic OEP-SIC treatment of atomic structure (Z=2-106), (c) shell-filling electronic structure in quantum dots, (d) atomic and molecular processes in intense laser fields, including multiphoton ionization, and very-high-order harmonic generation, etc. For the time-dependent processes, an alternative Floquet formulation of TDDFT is introduced for time-independent treatment of multiphoton processes in intense periodic or quasiperiodic fields. We conclude this paper with some open questions and perspectives of TDDFT.  相似文献   

20.
Porphyrin and pincer complexes are both important categories of compounds in biological and catalytic systems. The idea to combine them is computationally investigated in this work. By employment of density functional theory (DFT), conceptual DFT, and time-dependent DFT approaches, structure, spectroscopy, and reactivity properties of porphyrin pincers are systematically studied for a selection of divalent metal ions. We found that the porphyrin pincers are structurally and spectroscopically different from their precursors and are more reactive in electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. A few quantitative linear/exponential relationships have been discovered between bonding interactions, charge distributions, and DFT chemical reactivity indices. These results are implicative in chemical modification of hemoproteins and understanding chemical reactivity in heme-containing and other biologically important complexes and cofactors.  相似文献   

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