Some Homo- and Copolymerization Studies of Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride

This paper summarizes some of the experimental procedures used for making homopolymers and copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, along with a discussion of some of the experimental variables such as effects of catalyst ratio, monomer concentration, and impurities. Also discussed are some of the procedures used for evaluation of the polymers and copolymers in flocculation and sludge dewatering.     

Some flow effects in continuum theory for smectic liquid crystals

This paper presents a constrained theory for smectic C liquid crystals that may be useful for the analysis of some effects in these materials. The theory is based on two simplifying assumptions, namely that the layers although deformed remain of constant thickness, and also that the tilt with respect to the layer normal remains fixed. The equilibrium version of the theory proves to be a non-linear generalization of the earlier Orsay theory, and promises to model a number of static effects satisfactorily. Here our aim is to examine preliminary predictions based on the corresponding dynamic theory, where some progress proves possible for shear flow, and also for a shear wave reflection-refraction experiment useful for the measurement of some viscous coefficients.     

纳米材料有毒吗

介绍了纳米材料的一些应用和几种主要纳米材料（如纳米TiO2、碳纳米管、纳米铁粉等）目前已取得的部分生物效应及毒理学的研究结果;讨论了纳米材料对人体和环境带来的潜在影响,及纳米颗粒材料未来的毒性研究重点,并对纳米材料安全性进行了展望。     

Switching in molecular transport junctions: polarization response

We discuss several proposed explanations for the switching and negative differential resistance (NDR) behavior seen in some molecular junctions. Several theoretical models are discussed, and we present results of electronic structure calculations on a series of substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules. It is shown that a previously proposed polaron model is successful in predicting NDR behavior, and the model is elaborated with image charge effects and parameters from electronic structure calculations. This model now incorporates substituent effects and includes the effects of conformational change, charging, and image charge stabilization.     

Sicherer Umgang mit gefährlichen Stoffen

Before one starts working with hazardous chemicals a hazards analysis is prudent practice – and also required by law. Not only properties like the flammability or the toxicity of chemicals is to be taken into account but also other effects that can lead to dangerous effects, e. g. the diffusion of chemicals through protective gloves or the formation of explosive peroxides. This paper presents some experiments visualizing such not well‐known effects.     

Ionic boundaries in biological capillary electrophoresis

Ion migration in electrophoresis always leads to the formation of ionic boundaries. While some types of the ionic boundaries can be formed intentionally, e.g., to improve separation efficiency or sensitivity of the analysis, other, naturally formed boundaries, may cause unexpected effects during the electrophoretic experiment. Some of the boundaries often go unnoticed in practice; however, many effects of the ionic boundaries formed by the sample matrix and background electrolyte components are frequently observed in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The interpretation of these effects may not be trivial and different explanations of the same phenomena may be found in the literature. This critical article attempts to review some of the important effects of the ionic boundaries observed or utilized during the CE of biologically important samples.     

13C and 2H kinetic isotope effects and the mechanism of bromination of 1-pentene under synthetic conditions

[formula: see text] The 13C and 2H kinetic isotope effects for the bromination of 1-pentene with Br2 in CCl4 were determined and interpreted with the aid of calculationally predicted isotope effects. The isotope effects observed are consistent with rate-limiting bromonium ion formation and do not fit with either rate-limiting production of a pi complex or reaction of a reversibly formed bromonium ion. This rules out some of the mechanistic complexities suggested for other brominations, though the identity of the brominating reagent(s) under these synthetic conditions remains uncertain.     

On the medicinal chemistry of ferrocene

Organometallic chemistry and biochemistry have been merged in the last two decades into a new field: bioorganometallic chemistry. This new research area was devoted to the synthesis of new organometallic compounds and their biological and medical effects against some types of diseases, such as cancer and malaria. For several years, the use of ferrocene in bioorganometallic chemistry has been growing rapidly, and several promising applications have been developed since ferrocene is a stable, nontoxic compound and has good redox properties. This review will focus on ferrocenyl compounds which have been biologically evaluated against certain diseases. This area has attracted many researchers due to the promising results of some ferrocene compounds in the medicinal applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用非线性非平衡热力学讨论动电效应

本文用非线性非平衡热力学讨论了动电效应.首先,解释了实验值与旧理论不符的问题.其次,给出了旧理论处理动电效应的近似条件.最后,提出了一个新看法,在一定条件下,对某种液体和某个膜,当△P、△φ达一定值时,动电效应也可能出现耗散结构.     

可聚合表面活性剂的研究进展

在乳液聚合中，表面活性剂发挥着非常关键的作用，但同时它们也存在不足的方面，一个比较有前景的方法就是使用可聚合表面活性剂。可聚合表面活性剂以牢固的共价键键合到聚合物粒子上，有效避免了表面活性剂的解析及其在膜中的迁移。本文综述了近年来可聚合表面活性剂的进展，主要讨论了阴离子、非离子、阳离子可聚合表面活性剂的特征和性质及其在乳液聚合中的应用。     

Anomalous saturation curves in laser-induced fluorescence

This is partly a tutorial and partly a review paper (with a few original additions) on saturation curves (SC) which describe the dependence of fluorescence intensity on laser intensity in atomic spectroscopy. The interest in SCs stems from applications in analytical chemistry, plasma diagnostics, physical and chemical kinetics, etc., as well as from their fundamental implications. After a brief introduction, some general facts and basic assumptions regarding atom-laser interactions are critically examined (Section 2.1) and the concepts of the “ideal” SC and saturation parameter are defined (Section 2.2). In the following Sections 3–7 various effects are discussed that can distort the SC and shift the (apparent) saturation parameter. The effects of a spatially, a temporally and a spectrally inhomogeneous laser beam, of laser-enhanced chemical reactions and ionization processes, of an optically thick atomic vapour and of various non-steady-state processes are successively reviewed. Atom trapping and polarization effects on the SCs measured recently with an atomic Na beam in vacuo are reported and discussed in some detail. Also, some new observations at high resolution on the spectrum of pulsed and cw multimode dye lasers are reported. In Section 8 some general conclusions are drawn and warnings given, and the possible extension of the concept of SC to multiphoton and multistep excitation processes, as well as to optogalvanic spectroscopy, is suggested.     

SKIN-PHOTOSENSITIZING FUROCOUMARINS: PHOTOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN DNA AND —O14CH3 BERGAPTEN (5-METHOXY-PSORALEN)

Abstract— For some years the mechanism of the photosensitizing effects displayed by some furocoumarins on various biological substrates (human and guinea-pig skin, bacteria cultures, mammalian cells adapted to in vitro growth, viruses) have been studied. Recently it has been pointed out that a photoreaction occurs between the photosensitizing furocoumarins and DNA after irradiation at 3655 Å. By use of a labeled furocoumarin, i.e.—O¹⁴CH₃ bergapten or 5-methoxy-psoralen, this has been confirmed and more extensively studied. During the irradiation a stable combination of the furocoumarin with native DNA takes place with a quantum yield of 5·2 × 10^-3. It is probable that the reactive sites of DNA are the pyrimidine bases. Yeast-RNA and the same DNA after heat-denaturation or in the presence of high NaCl concentration photoreact at a much reduced rate. This photoreaction may explain some various biological photosensitizing effects produced by furocoumarins.     

Thermodynamic parameters for adsorption equilibrium of heavy metals and dyes from wastewater with low-cost adsorbents

This note revisits the literature evaluating the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption equilibrium uptakes of heavy metals and dyes from water and wastewater streams using low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural waste, industrial wastes, inorganic particulates, or some natural products. We highlighted the possible flaws in some adsorption studies when their thermodynamic parameters were assessed, since compensation effects during enthalpy and entropy evaluation were possibly overlooked.     

Light and metal complexes in medicine

This article surveys some medical aspects of inorganic photochemistry, in particular those involving the use of coordination compounds. Examples of beneficial (therapeutic, diagnostic) and deleterious effects of the interaction between light and metallopharmaceuticals have been selected for presentation. The use of light as a tool in studying and modelling the different biochemical processes is also discussed.     

Contribution to Global Warming of Plasma Polymerization and Treatment Processes Fed with Fluorinated Compounds

Many fluorine containing compounds utilized in plasma processing, namely plasma polymerization and treatment of materials, have marked greenhouse characteristics as they are able to absorb IR-radiation and have long lifetimes in the atmosphere. The unreacted portion of the feeds and some by-products released in the atmosphere during plasma processing contribute to the global warming of the Earth. This is a problem whose general aspects are discussed in this paper, together with the evaluation of the effects on global warming of the effluents of plasmas fed with some fluorine containing compounds.     

Quantification of cross polarization with relaxation compensated reciprocity relation in NMR

The reciprocity relation in solid state NMR has been extended to include the effects of spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame. This method was successfully applied to the experiments of Hartmann–Hahn cross polarization, making the originally non-quantified NMR spectra quantitative. In addition, it provides detailed dynamics of cross polarization that is often obscured by spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame and by some other effects.     

锂离子电池纳微结构电极材料系列研究

纳米储锂电极材料由于奇特的纳米效应与动力学优势,为锂离子电池的发展提供了新的机遇.本文介绍了锂离子电池电极材料的尺寸效应、形貌效应以及电极材料碳包覆的作用;并以作者的近期研究为主,着重讨论了几种"动力学稳定"的纳微结构电极材料和具有"三维混合导电网络"结构的高倍率电极材料.     

Current strategies for improving limitations of proteolysis targeting chimeras

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional degrader molecules via hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to specifically eliminate targeted proteins. PROTACs have gained momentum as a new modality of attractive technologies in the drug discovery landscape, since it allows to degrade disease-related proteins effectively. Although some PROTACs drugs reached the clinical research, they are still facing some bottlenecks and challenges that should not be neglected, such as poor oral bioavailability and potential toxic side effects. To overcome these limitations, herein, we provide an overview of recent strategies for improving the durability of PROTACs by enhancing cell permeability and reducing toxic side effects. Meanwhile, the impact of these strategies on improving oral bioavailability as well as their advantages and drawbacks will also be discussed. This review will give a useful reference toolbox for PROTACs design and further promote its clinical application.     

CO_2共聚物为基的新型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

本文报道一类以ＣＯ＿２共聚物为基的新型聚碳酸亚丙酯聚氨酯（ＰＰＣＰＵ）弹性体。探讨了这类弹性体的最佳台成方法．讨论了不同配比，不同的扩链交联剂对弹性体的力学性能的影响。研究了弹性体的热性能及耐水性与不同配比的依赖关系。发现控制适当的配比．能获得耐水住能和耐热性能良好的弹性体。     

Nonadiabatic scattering of NO off Au3 clusters: A simple and robust diabatic state manifold generation method for multiconfigurational wavefunctions

The presence of nonadiabatic effects during the interaction of small molecules with metals has been observed experimentally for the last decades. Specially remarkable are the effects found for NO/Au, where experiments have suggested the presence of very strong vibronic coupling during the molecular scattering. However, the accurate inclusion of the nonadiabatic effects in periodic boundary conditions (PBC) theoretical methods remain an unapproachable challenge. Here, aiming to give some theoretical insight to the strong vibronic coupling, we have adopted a pragmatic point of view, taking use of an auxiliary simplified system, NO/Au₃. We show the importance of nonadiabatic coupling, during the scattering of NO from a Au₃ cluster, using a diabatic representation of 12 electronic states of the system, including a few charge-transfer states. Our diabatic representation is obtained by rotating the orbital and configuration interaction (CI) vectors of a restricted active space (RAS) wavefunction. We present a strategy for extracting the best effective manifold of states relevant to the system, below some prescribed energy, directly from the RAS CI vectors. This scheme is able to disentangle a large dense manifold of adiabatic states with strong coupling and crossings. This approach is also shown to work for multireference configuration interaction (MRCI). By performing quantum propagations, we observed an increase in vibrational redistribution with increasing initial vibrational or translational energies. We suggest that these nonadiabatic effects should also be present at smaller energies in larger clusters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.