粉末压片-X-射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿制样中粘结剂用量的探讨

由于砂岩型铀矿的成矿特性,样品粉末的内聚力小,采用直接压片法有时难以成型,样片表面常见裂纹,上机测量易碎裂。混合压片法适应性强,制样成功率高,但常见的问题是样品经粘结剂稀释会影响元素的检出限及结果的准确性。本文对粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定砂岩型铀矿地质样品时,前期制样中添加粘结剂的比例进行了研究。试验按照不同比例在铀矿石标准物质GBW04101、GBW04102中添加粘结剂,在扫描电镜下观察到随着粘结剂用量的增加样片表面的光滑度及致密度都呈上升趋势,在X-射线荧光光谱仪上对主量元素进行测定后发现X射线强度在粘结剂添加量大于0.2 g时明显下降,经与GBW04101、GBW04102标准值进行对比后优选出粘结剂与样品的最佳比例为1：20,在此比例下制成的样片光滑平整,不易碎裂,用粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法进行测定,标准物质测定结果的相对误差为0.56%～6.76 %,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.013 %～7.68 %,均达到了《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》DZ/T 0130-2006的要求。本文为粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿地质样品提供了可靠的实验参考依据。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定矿石中钨钼锡

提出了X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钨钼锡矿石中钨、钼、锡元素含量的分析方法。方法选择四硼酸锂作熔剂,熔融制成样片,通过PW2403型X射线荧光光谱仪自带Super Q系统软件,以经验α系数法和Rh康普顿散射线内标法校正基体效应。以标准样品建立工作曲线,同时测量样品中钨、钼、锡元素含量。方法准确度和精密度能满足规范要求,钨、钼、锡的分析方法检出限分别为0.0042%、0.0026%、0.0072%。采用本法同时测定矿石中钨、钼、锡元素含量结果与传统分析方法测定结果相吻合,样品检测结果能满足矿区地质勘查的工作要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中的硫和氟

采用粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法研究地质样品中硫(S)和氟(F)元素的快速测定方法。通过分级过筛实验优化确定样品粒度,探讨样品粒度对测定结果的影响,并进行实际样品和标准物质验证。结果显示,样品粒度为85μm时,经实际样品和标准物质验证,测定结果与化学值和标准认定值相符,且相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2%。方法具有准确度高、检出限好、测试范围宽、简便快速等优点,能确保样品分析结果的准确性,实现了地质样品中S和F的快速测定。     

原子荧光光谱法测定锡精矿中汞

建立了原子荧光光谱法测定锡精矿中汞的分析方法。试样经王水（1＋1）溶解,以盐酸（5%）为载流,氯化亚锡（200g/L）溶液为还原剂,用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中的汞。考察了测定的最佳条件、锡及共存元素对测定的影响。方法相对标准偏差为5.9%-6.3%,与冷原子吸收光谱法对比结果令人满意。方法的准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定地质样品中的钼

报道了粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法快速测定地质样品中的钼,采用经验系数法校正了锶、铀等元素对钼的干扰,分段处理校准曲线使测定结果更准确,同时探讨了制样对测定结果的影响。方法精密度好(RSD为7.91%,n=11),检出限可达到0.48 μg/g。测定过程简单、快速,测定结果与化学值吻合,非常适合地质样品的批量化测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定萤石中CaF2、CaCO3、S、Fe及SiO2

X射线荧光光谱法分析是目前快速分析方法之一,精密度受基体效应、均匀性、元素间干扰等影响。采用粉末压片法制备样品,用X射线荧光光谱法直接测定F、Ca元素,得出CaF_2及CaCO_3含量,并同时分析萤石中S、Fe、SiO_2的含量。精密度实验表明,待测元素的相对标准偏差均低于0.66%(RSD,n=10),能满足萤石中各元素的检测要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定萤石中CaF_2、CaCO_3、S、Fe及SiO_2

X射线荧光光谱法分析是目前快速分析方法之一,精密度受基体效应、均匀性、元素间干扰等影响。采用粉末压片法制备样品,用X射线荧光光谱法直接测定F、Ca元素,得出CaF_2及CaCO_3含量,并同时分析萤石中S、Fe、SiO_2的含量。精密度实验表明,待测元素的相对标准偏差均低于0.66%(RSD,n=10),能满足萤石中各元素的检测要求。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定锡矿岩芯样品中锡的含量

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定锡矿岩芯样品中锡的分析方法。试样以过氧化钠熔解,用热水浸出,盐酸酸化。优化了仪器的最佳条件,考察了硼氢化钾浓度、酸度、共存元素等条件对测定的影响。方法相对标准偏差为2.52 %～7.28 %,加标回收率95.20 %～102.25 %。将实验方法应用于标准物质的测定,测定值与认定值基本一致。方法的准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定直接还原铁中主次元素含量

应用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定了直接还原铁中主次元素的含量。样品置于铂金坩埚中,以四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂为熔剂于1 050℃熔融20min,将熔化的样品倒入铂金模具中,所制得的片样用于X射线荧光光谱分析。以铁矿石标准物质GBW 07221等25种标准物质制作校准曲线,以固定理论α影响系数法校正基体效应。方法用于实际样品的分析,所得结果与其他方法测定值相符。测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.31%~16%之间。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中钾、铅、锌和砷

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中钾、铅、锌和砷的含量。样品以四硼酸锂和碳酸锂为熔剂,在1 050℃下熔融20min,冷却后制成玻璃融片,用于X射线荧光光谱分析,以标准物质制作校准曲线。方法应用于铁矿石标准样品(GSB 1805-2005)的测定,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.0%~4.5%之间。     

Determination of total tin in geological materials by electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrophotometry using a tungsten-impregnated graphite furnace

An electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of total tin in geological materials, with use of a tungsten-impregnated graphite furnace. The sample is decomposed by fusion with lithium metaborate and the melt is dissolved in 10% hydrochloric acid. Tin is then extracted into trioctylphosphine oxide-methyl isobutyl ketone prior to atomization. Impregnation of the furnace with a sodium tungstate solution increases the sensitivity of the determination and improves the precision of the results. The limits of determination are 0.5-20 ppm of tin in the sample. Higher tin values can be determined by dilution of the extract. Replicate analyses of eighteen geological reference samples with diverse matrices gave relative standard deviations ranging from 2.0 to 10.8% with an average of 4.6%. Average tin values for reference samples were in general agreement with, but more precise than, those reported by others. Apparent recoveries of tin added to various samples ranged from 95 to 111% with an average of 102%.     

The determination of tin in biological samples

A rapid method is described for the determination of tin in biological material, using¹²³Sn (T=40 m). The chemical procedure is based on the nearly quantitative extraction of tetravalent tin into toluene from an acid 1.3M iodide solution. The recovery is determined by spiking the solution with¹¹³Sn and measuring the activity of the^113mIn daughter in the counting sample. The lower limit of the determination is ?0.01μg. Results are given for standard kale powder and dried animal blood.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光测定钨钼锡矿中的主次成分

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定矿物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、W、Al、Fe、Si、K、Na、Ti、Ca、Sn等13种主次量元素,采用混合均匀的三混熔剂,以硝酸锂为氧化剂、溴化锂为脱膜剂,进行实验条件优化选择。在650℃下对样品进行预氧化,在1100℃下高温熔融,熔融时间为300 s,最后制成均匀透明,表面光滑无气孔的熔片,以部分国家一级标准物质和自制的钨钼锡标准样品,熔融制片进行测定,线性拟合建立标准曲线,并通过测定谱线选择、基体校正,使钨钼锡的测定范围扩宽,从微量到主量均能进行测定,并且适用于多种不同矿石的测定。样品的组成和含量变化会对分析线强度造成吸收、增强以及谱线重叠的影响,采用经验系数和理论α系数结合来校正其产生的基体效应。相同条件下熔融10个标准样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,表明方法的准确度、精密度均满足国家相关质量标准的要求。选用一些含量不同的标准样品进行测定,最终的测定结果与标准值相符,表明方法可用于钨钼锡矿的测定。     

锌粉-硼砂-硼酸熔融-碘酸钾滴定法测定高硅锡精矿中的锡

针对高硅锡精矿中锡的测定时通常用锌粉-氢氧化钠熔融,精密度差,不能满足分析要求的问题,建立了锌粉-硼砂-硼酸熔融,盐酸浸取,铝粒将锡还原,碘酸钾滴定法测定高硅锡精矿中锡的分析方法。方法结果稳定,精密度好,相对标准偏差在0.19%~0.55%,加标回收率在96.9%~105%。分析结果能够满足高硅锡精矿中锡的测定要求。     

HG-AFS 法测定多金属矿中的痕量锡

研究了酒石酸介质中氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法 ( HG- AFS)测定多金属矿中痕量锡的方法 ,考察了不同酸介质和浓度对氢化物发生效率的影响 ,试验了共存元素的干扰情况。方法的检出限为 1 .4× 1 0 - 10 g/ m L,精密度 ( n=5)为3.71 %～ 5.38%。     

Determination of fluoride and tin in fluoride-doped tin oxide films on glass

Time-consuming fusion and pyrohydrolysis methods for quantifying fluoride and tin in fluoride-doped tin oxide films on glass are replaced by a simple electrolytic reduction for sample preparation. The unusual conductivity of these films enables solutions to be produced in which fluoride can be quantified by ion chromatography. Tin is quantified in the original sample by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Electrolytic reduction and the fusion/pyrohydrolysis methods are compared for films with Sn/F ratios of 10–40 (71–183 μg cm^?2 tin and 0.54–2.8 μ cm^?2 fluoride). The Sn/F ratios and precision are similar for the two methods. The older method only yields the tin/fluoride ratio; the electrolytic method gives results as mass per unit area and requires much less time per sample.     

The determination of tin in rocks by thermal neutron activation

A fast routine method for the determination of tin in rocks is discussed. The method is based on coprecipitation of tetravalent tin with ferric hydroxide, followed by a short irradiation in a high thermal neutron flux, extraction in toluene from 1∶1 sulphuric acid which is 5N in potassium iodide, and counting of^123mSn (T=40 m) or^125mSn (T=9.7 m) with a well-type NaI detector. In the present work^125mSn was used. The lower limit of determination is governed by the blank of the reagents. For a sample of at least one gram it is ≌ 0.2 μg Sn·g⁻¹.     

Determination of tin in steels by non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with flow-injection hydride generation in the presence of L-cysteine

Flow-injection hydride generation has been coupled with a non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometer for the determination of trace concentrations of tin. The use of L-cysteine in stannane generation enhances the atomic fluorescence signal for tin. In addition, it appears that the flow-injection method allows the use of a wider range of acid concentrations, and hence interference from transition elements is also reduced. An absolute detection limit of 1.3 ng was achieved with a 0.5 ml sample. Ten determinations of a solution containing 100 ng ml⁻¹ of tin(H) generated a relative standard deviation of 1.8%. The linear dynamic range of the calibration curve extended over three orders of magnitude and sample throughput rate was 144 samples h⁻¹. Application of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the determination of tin in low alloy steel standard reference materials.     

Determination of trace tin by stripping potentiostatic coulometry

On the basis of voltammetric and coulometric studies of the behavior of tin(II) in a 2 M HCl solution at a carbon-graphite bulky electrode made of fibrous porous felt (FPF), we have found the optimum conditions for the stripping potentiostatic coulometric determination of 10–1000 μg tin(II) by the reaction Sn(0)-ē ? Sn(I) after preconcentrating Sn(0) at the electrode surface. The relative standard deviation varied from 0.5 to 4%. The results of the coulometric determination of the number of electrons involved in the oxidation of Sn(0) suggest that the stripping Sn(0) from the surface of the FPF electrode proceeds in two stages. The first stage Sn(0) → Sn(I) was electrochemical, and the second stage Sn(I) → Sn(II) was chemical. The procedure was applied to the determination of ～1% tin in a jewelry alloy based on gold, silver, platinum, and copper.     

Colorimetric determination of traces of tin with dithiol

Procedures are given for the determination of traces of tin with dithiol (4-methyl-1,2-dimer-captobenzene) by visual color comparison and absorptiometric measurement, with special reference to silicate rocks, meteorites, and sulfides. The sensitivity is 1 p.p.m. Sn with 0.5 g of sample. Tin is separated by distillation of the bromide. Provision is made for the presence of selenium.