单茂钪催化对氟苯乙烯间规聚合及与乙烯共聚合的研究

采用(C5Me4Si Me3)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2(1)和(C5Me4Si Me3)Sc(CH2Si Me3)2(THF)(2)2种单茂钪催化剂,考察了其催化对氟苯乙烯均聚合以及与乙烯共聚合的性能,并通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、GPC和DSC对所获聚合物的微观结构和热性能进行了分析.结果表明,单茂钪1可以催化对氟苯乙烯均聚合,获得间规聚合物,但聚合活性较低.采用单茂钪2,控制溶剂种类和用量可以获得间规和无规2类聚合物:控制对氟苯乙烯单体在氯苯溶剂中浓度低于2.4 mol/L,可获得间规聚对氟苯乙烯(rrrr≥99%,Tm≥319oC),且聚合活性高达105 g polymer molSc-1 h-1;控制对氟苯乙烯单体在氯苯溶剂中浓度高于4.8 mol/L或者选用氟苯做溶剂,可获得无规聚对氟苯乙烯;固定单体浓度调控对氟苯乙烯和催化剂的比例,可获得分子量(Mn)在3.10×104~2.08×105间调控的间规和无规聚对氟苯乙烯.在常压乙烯下,单茂钪1和2还可以催化对氟苯乙烯与乙烯共聚合,获得了组成(对氟苯乙烯含量41 mol%~88 mol%)和分子量(3.10?104~1.84?105)可控的两元共聚物,共聚合活性高达106 g polymer molSc-1 h-1.当共聚物中乙烯含量高于对氟苯乙烯含量时,共聚物仅有源自聚乙烯嵌段的熔点(119~126oC).当共聚物中对氟苯乙烯含量高于乙烯含量时,共聚物出现聚对氟苯乙烯嵌段;由单茂钪1获得聚对氟苯乙烯嵌段为间规结构,共聚物具有熔点(269~282oC)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg,79~82oC);单茂钪2获得聚氟苯乙烯嵌段为无规结构,共聚物仅有1个Tg(94~96oC).     

单茂钪催化非共轭双烯环化聚合及与乙烯共聚合的研究

以(C5Me4SiMe3)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2和[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]组成的单茂钪催化体系催化非共轭双烯均聚合及与乙烯共聚合,考察了聚合条件及非共轭双烯结构对聚合活性、产物分子量和微结构的影响.单茂钪催化体系中,单体浓度、聚合温度、聚合溶剂以及烷基铝试剂对1,5-己二烯的聚合活性和选择性以及聚合产物的分子量和分子量分布均有较大影响.室温甲苯溶剂中,单茂钪可以催化1,5-己二烯,1,6-庚二烯,1,7-辛二烯,1,9-癸二烯四种非共轭双烯聚合获得相应的聚合物;除1,9-癸二烯聚合获得不溶的交联聚合物外,其它非共轭双烯聚合均获得可溶的环烯烃聚合物.1,5-己二烯聚合形成亚甲基-1,3-环戊基(MCPN)五元环和四元环开环形成的3-乙烯基四亚甲基(VTM)结构单元.1,6-庚二烯聚合完全环化形成亚甲基-1,3-环己基(MCHX)六元环和乙烯基-1,2-环戊基(ECPN)五元环结构单元,1,7-辛二烯聚合形成亚甲基-1,3-环庚基(MCHP)七元环结构单元和未环化的悬挂己烯(HEB)结构单元.室温1.01×105Pa乙烯压力下,单茂钪催化体系还可以快速催化非共轭双烯1,5-己二烯,1,6-庚二烯,1,7-辛二烯,1,9-癸二烯与乙烯共聚合,获得含有环状结构单元、悬挂双键结构单元和聚乙烯嵌段的无规共聚物.在单茂钪催化非共轭双烯均聚合及与乙烯共聚合中,非共轭双烯的链长直接影响了其聚合活性和选择性.     

单茂钪催化苯乙烯衍生物与异戊二烯共聚合的研究

研究了单茂钪(C_5Me_4SiMe_3)Sc(CH_2C_6H_4NMe2-o)_2催化异戊二烯(IP)与苯乙烯衍生物对氯苯乙烯(St-Cl)、4-二甲基硅氢苯乙烯(St-Si HMe_2)共聚合的性能,通过NMR、GPC和DSC对所获共聚物的微观结构和热性能进行表征分析.结果表明,在室温氯苯溶剂中,改变IP和苯乙烯衍生物的用量,单茂钪均可以催化IP与St-Cl、St-SiHMe_2共聚合,获得了组成可控(IP含量21 mol%～95 mol%)、高分子量(M_n=3.1×10~4～15.9×10~4)、窄分布(M_w/M_n=1.21～1.92)的IP/St-Cl和IP/St-SiHMe_2两类共聚物,共聚物中IP形成1,4-和3,4-结构单元,苯乙烯衍生物形成间规聚合结构.苯乙烯衍生物取代基的电负性直接影响共聚合活性和共聚物的序列分布.IP与St-SiHMe_2共聚合活性(10~5 g聚合物molSc~(-1) h~(-1))远高于IP与St-Cl共聚合活性(10~4 g聚合物mol Sc~(-1) h~(-1));相同共聚合条件下St-SiHMe_2的插入率高于St-Cl.单茂钪催化IP与St-Cl共聚合获得了梯度共聚物,IP/St-Cl共聚物具有源自聚IP链段的玻璃化转变温度(T_g=-1～5°C)和源自间规聚St-Cl链段的熔点(T_m=314～318°C).单茂钪催化IP与St-SiHMe_2共聚合获得无规共聚物,IP/StSiHMe_2共聚物具有一个T_g,该T_g值(12～82°C)随St-SiHMe_2含量(13 mol%～79 mol%)的增加而线性增加.     

单茂钪催化合成高顺式异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚物的研究

合成了5种单茂双烷基稀土配合物Cp'Ln(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2(1:Cp'=C5Me4Si Me3,Ln=Sc;2:Cp'=C9H7,Ln=Sc;3:Cp'=C5H5,Ln=Sc;4:Cp'=C5H5,Ln=Lu;5:Cp'=C5H5,Ln=Y)在助剂[Ph3C]-[B(C6F5)4]的活化下,考察了稀土金属和配体结构对异戊二烯和苯乙烯的均聚合活性和立体选择性的影响规律.结果表明小空间位阻的单茂钪(C5H5)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2(3)催化异戊二烯聚合时,聚合活性和顺式立体选择性较优;催化苯乙烯聚合时获得无规聚苯乙烯.因此选用单茂钪催化剂3/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4],考察了其催化异戊二烯/苯乙烯共聚合的性能,高活性地获得了组成和分子量可控、分子量窄分布的异戊二烯/苯乙烯多嵌段共聚物.通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR,GPC以及DSC对共聚物进行分析表征,结果表明,通过调控苯乙烯与异戊二烯的加料比例,共聚物中苯乙烯摩尔含量可以在1%~75%间调控,聚苯乙烯嵌段为无规聚苯乙烯;共聚物中聚异戊二烯顺-1,4选择性均大于91%;通过调控单体与催化剂的比例,共聚物分子量(Mn)可以在3.5×104~8.3×104间调控,分子量分布保持窄分布(Mw/Mn=1.71~1.94).     

单茂钪催化月桂烯与丁二烯共聚合的研究

采用(C_5Me_4SiMe_3)Sc(CH_2SiMe_3)_2(THF)(1)、Cp′Sc(CH_2C_6H_4NMe_(2-)o)2(2:Cp′=C5Me4SiMe3;3:Cp′=C5H5)3种单茂钪催化剂,考察了其催化月桂烯均聚合以及与丁二烯共聚合的性能,并对所获聚合物的微观结构和热性能进行了分析.结果表明,单茂钪的配体结构直接影响月桂烯聚合的选择性和分子量.配体空间位阻较大的单茂钪1和2催化月桂烯均聚合的活性和选择性相当,获得以3,4-结构为主(61%~74%)的聚月桂烯.配体空间位阻较小的单茂钪3催化月桂烯均聚合的催化活性高达10~5 g polymer mol Sc~(-1) h~(-1),获得以cis-1,4-结构为主(95%)的聚月桂烯,聚月桂烯的玻璃化温度为-70°C.采用单茂钪3改变其与月桂烯的比例可实现对聚月桂烯分子量的有效调控(Mn=7.0×10~4~2.31×10~5).单茂钪3也可以催化月桂烯和丁二烯共聚合,5 min内两单体的转化率均达100%,获得与加料组成一致的月桂烯-丁二烯无规共聚物,共聚合活性高达10~5 g polymer mol S_c~(-1) h~(-1).在本文实验范围内设计获得了月桂烯含量范围为19 mol%~75 mol%、Mn在1.02×10~5~2.32×10~5、分子量分布在1.38~1.84的月桂烯-丁二烯无规共聚物,共聚物中两单体的1,4-选择性均大于92%.所获不同组成的月桂烯-丁二烯共聚物只有一个玻璃化转变温度.共聚物中月桂烯的含量由19 mol%的增加到75 mol%,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度从-95°C增加到-71°C.     

稀土催化乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合

链穿梭聚合作为一锅法合成多嵌段聚合物的策略引起人们的研究兴趣.然而,其催化体系的构建难度大,导致实现链穿梭聚合的单体有限.本文基于三异丁基铝作链转移剂时,稀土金属配合物1催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,得到富含乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列的共聚物且链转移效率接近100%的发现,开展了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭聚合的研究.首先探索配合物2催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,发现所得共聚物中苯乙烯结构单元的含量4%,因此考察了在不同烷基铝用量时,配合物2催化乙烯均聚合的行为,发现所得聚乙烯的分子量随着[Al]_0/[2]_0增加呈指数降低,幂指数为-0.778,表明链转移效率低于100%.采用1/2/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到双峰分布的聚合物,说明链穿梭聚合没有实现.进一步筛选发现,配合物3催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合时,随着[Al]_0/[3]_0增加,所得富间规聚苯乙烯序列共聚物的分子呈量指数降低,幂指数为-1.097,接近-1,表明链转移效率接近100%;同时催化体系的TOF值减小.当[Al~iBu_3]_0/[1+3]_0≥20时,1/3/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到单峰分布的乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的多嵌段共聚物,说明成功实现了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合.通过调节1和3的比例,有效调控了共聚物中乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的组成.     

新型茂钛催化剂合成聚乙烯-b-间规聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的研究Ⅱ.嵌段共聚物的分离及结构性能

将五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 (Cp Ti(OBz) 3) 改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)催化体系以顺序加料溶液法合成的乙烯与苯乙烯嵌段共聚反应产物进行沸丁酮、沸四氢呋喃 (THF)和沸氯仿等溶剂连续抽提分离 ,发现嵌段共聚物主要存在于THF和CHCl3的可溶级分中 ,嵌段共聚物的总含量占共聚产物的 2 2 8wt%～ 38 2wt% ,对THF和CHCl3可溶级分分别用 1 3C NMR、WAXD、DSC和GPC等手段进行表征 .1 3C NMR谱显示出含有支化聚乙烯链段和间规聚苯乙烯链段的嵌段共聚物特殊结构 ,WAXD谱表明嵌段共聚物因两链段的相互缠结使各自结晶度显著较低 ,由于嵌段共聚物苯乙烯链段较长、乙烯链段较短 ,DSC图谱只显示苯乙烯链段的结晶熔融峰 ,GPC曲线表明 ,单茂钛催化体系催化乙烯 苯乙烯嵌段共聚合的单一活性中心特征 .由此对Cp Ti(OBz) 3 mMAO催化体系的苯乙烯 乙烯嵌段共聚合机理进行初探     

茂金属化合物/Zn/BDGE/MAO催化体系合成aPS-b-P(S-co-E)-b-PE嵌段共聚物的研究

采用单茂钛化合物CpTiCl3,有机环氧化合物1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油基醚(BDGE),金属锌(Zn)及甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为催化体系,通过自由基聚合和配位聚合机理合成无规聚苯乙烯-b-聚(苯乙烯-co-乙烯)-b-聚乙烯(aPS-b-P(S-co-E)-b-PE).探讨了温度、时间、乙烯压力及Al/Ti摩尔比对共聚合的影响.所得嵌段共聚物采用DSC,WAXD,GPC和13C-NMR等手段进行了表征.结果表明该共聚物是苯乙烯/乙烯嵌段共聚物,聚苯乙烯链段是无规的,聚乙烯链段具有结晶性.     

含“Si―H”基团聚乙烯的合成及功能化研究

采用(C_5Me_4SiMe_3)Sc(CH_2C_6H_4NMe_2-o)_2(1)、(C_5Me_4SiMe_3)Sc(CH_2SiMe_3)_2(THF)(2)两种单茂钪催化剂,考察了其催化10-二甲基硅基-1-癸烯(Decene-SiH)均聚合以及与乙烯共聚合的性能,并通过NMR、GPC和DSC对所获共聚物的微观结构和热性能进行了分析.结果表明,在室温1.01×10~5 Pa乙烯压力下,单茂钪2对乙烯与Decene-SiH共聚合表现了极高的催化活性(10~5 g聚合物mol_(Sc)~(-1) h~(-1)),Decene-SiH转化率达99%.改变Decene-SiH用量,获得了组成可控(Decene-SiH含量8 mol%～50 mol%)、高分子量(7.2×10~4～10.0×10~4)、窄分布(M_w/M_n=1.35～1.63)的乙烯/Decene-SiH共聚物.当共聚物中Decene-SiH含量小于12 mol%时,Decene-SiH孤立插入聚乙烯链中;当共聚物中Decene-SiH含量大于26 mol%时,Decene-SiH可孤立和连续插入聚乙烯链中.不同组成的乙烯/Decene-SiH共聚物具有一个118～130℃的熔点,共聚物中Decene-SiH含量为50 mol%时具有一个-71℃的玻璃化转变温度.共聚物中Decene-SiH含量增加,聚乙烯结晶度明显降低.乙烯/Decene-SiH共聚物中"Si-H"基团与烯丙基缩水甘油醚、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、p-N,N-二甲基氨基苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯4种物质在Karstedt's催化剂作用下发生硅氢加成反应,实现了"Si-H"基团100%转化,有效地将乙烯/Decene-SiH共聚物中"Si-H"基团转变为其他的极性基团,获得了4种具有亲水性质的功能化聚乙烯.     

助催化剂对N催化剂催化乙烯-苯乙烯共聚反应的影响

研究了N催化剂分别与助催化剂AlEt3和Et2 AlOAlEt2 结合 ,在给电子体二苯基二甲氧基硅烷 (DDS)存在下 ,催化乙烯和苯乙烯共聚合反应 ,考察了Al Ti摩尔比对共聚反应的影响 .共聚产物经过丁酮 (MEK)和四氢呋喃 (THF)连续抽提 ,表明共聚产物包括无规聚苯乙烯 ,乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物和乙烯均聚物 .乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物分别用1 3C NMR、DSC和GPC进行表征 ,结果表明 ,助催化剂不仅对N催化剂的聚合活性有影响 ,而且对共聚产物中各级份的重量比例也有显著影响 ;特别是对乙烯 苯乙烯共聚物中苯乙烯的含量、熔点 (Tm)和玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)有明显的影响 .     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.