基于影像处理的干涉测量相位重构研究

随着计算机技术和光电成像元件的发展,影像信息处理技术已经在无损检测、医学检测以及干涉测量等领域得到广泛应用。本文主要研究了影像信息在干涉测量领域的波前相位提取方法。干涉条纹图是干涉测量领域中影像信息的载体,在干涉条纹处理方面,针对空域卡雷算法的特点,提出一种基于影像处理的单幅闭合干涉条纹图相位重构新算法。在空域卡雷算法处理方法的基础上,利用迭代修正算法对干涉图相位进行二次逼近,实现了对单幅干涉条纹图的高精度相位重构。Matlab仿真结果表明,迭代修正后的相位残差降低了25.8%,表明该算法在空域卡雷算法的基础上能够有效提高相位重构精度,实现干涉测量领域中影像信息的高精度处理。     

一种基于概率Hough变换的遥感图像中线目标检测新方法

线状目标检测是遥感图像中人造目标识别的重要环节,其技术关键是如何有效地从背景中提取目标的长直边缘。Hough变换是从图像中检测直线的经典方法,但遥感影像的画幅大、背景复杂,标准的Hough变换会检测出大量短直线而影响对有用目标的检测效果。本文提出了一种改进的概率Hough变换方法,首先对原始遥感影像分块,利用Canny算子检测出每个子图像的边缘,再通过Hough变换检测出每个子图中的直线,并对其中的短直线聚类分组以排除干扰,最后再从剩下线段中提取并筛选出平行线以完成长直线目标检测。实验表明,这种方法对复杂背景下的遥感影像中的线状目标有良好的检测效果。     

大孔径毛细柱的研制及评价

大孔径毛细柱在国外(如SUPELCO公司)已有商品出售。国内也有文献报道。我们根据大庆石油管理局需求。研究了不同口径毛细柱的制备方法并对其性能做了考察。 一、大孔毛细柱的制备 (一) 用95硬质玻璃拉制成0.42、0.55、0.7mm不同口径的玻璃毛细管柱。经1∶1盐酸处理后,使用国产甲基乙烯基硅橡胶固定液(相当于OV-1)涂渍。对于口径0.42mm和0.55mm的毛细管柱可采用动态涂渍或静态涂渍,而对于0.7mm口径的毛细管柱,     

基体石墨的孔隙结构及其对单质Ag扩散的影响

高温气冷堆燃料元件的基体石墨是一种多孔复合材料,是燃料元件的主要组成部分,其结构影响燃料元件的性能和裂变产物在燃料元件中的扩散。 本文利用压汞法表征基体石墨的孔隙结构,并讨论了基体石墨制备工艺中最大压制压强与热处理过程对孔隙结构的影响。 结果表明,基体石墨大孔孔径分布为6001900 nm,高温热处理使基体石墨的总孔隙率、中值孔径、大孔孔容均减小;基体石墨热处理样品的大孔孔容随最大压制压强的增加而呈线性减少,热处理过程单质Ag在石墨基体中的扩散速度与大孔孔容变化具有正相关性。     

基于局部口径波前探测的大口径太阳望远镜次镜姿态校正方法

为应对大口径天文望远镜因结构弯沉和形变导致的次镜姿态失调、系统像质退化等问题,本文提出了采用小口径平行光源构造人工星点,配合夏克哈特曼波前传感器,利用局部口径波前探测获得局部波像差信息以计算次镜失调量,并结合精密六足位移平台实现次镜姿态实时校正的方法。本文基于目前正在研制中的1 m口径离轴格里高利太阳望远镜实际参数,采用光学软件模拟和数学仿真方法,分析了局部口径的波前探测可行性。仿真结果表明,当选取局部口径直径为200 mm、波前传感器像点质心偏移探测精度达到0.01μm时,即可有效提取波像差信息,以此计算次镜姿态并加以校正,可满足望远镜光学系统像差要求。     

化学与酶促相结合合成人生长激素基因

根据人生长激素(hGH)的氨基酸序列和大肠杆菌密码子的偏好性, 全面优化hGH的密码子, 添加表达调控元件后合成序列的全长为1040 bp, 采用化学方法拆分成30条单链寡核苷酸. 采用改进的两步法拼接成全基因, 得到2个全序列正确的基因. DA-PCR和OE-PCR拼接产物经T7核酸内切酶Ⅰ处理, 合成基因中的碱基错误率降低了93.93％.     

用分子子图对烷烃摩尔响应值的估计与预测

提出了一种新的烷烃拓扑子图表示方法,并结合多元线性回归算法和反传神经网络算法,对烷烃摩尔响应值进行处理,获得了比文献更佳的预测效果,交互校验的相关系数ｒ＝０．９８９。     

普适的基于能量的分块局域激发态聚类算法

在普适的基于能量的分块(GEBF)方法的框架下, 大体系的局域激发(LE)能可通过一系列活性子体系激发能的线性组合近似得到, 从而有效降低了计算的时间标度. 然而, 在体系的局域激发具有多个激发态的情形下, 如何有效识别所有活性子体系的激发特征并将其组合是一个挑战. 提出了一种基于局域激发态聚类的算法. 该方案基于空穴-电子分析和基于密度的聚类(DBSCAN)机器学习算法, 可以自动地聚合不同子体系中最相似的激发态并组合得到相应的局域激发态能量或激发能. 结合该算法改进的LE-GEBF方法在荧光分子衍生物、 荧光染料-水团簇及绿色荧光蛋白模型体系的计算中均获得了令人满意的结果. 该算法有望大大提升LE-GEBF方法在计算局域激发时的稳定性和准确性, 并可以有效处理吸收光谱具有多重峰的大体系.     

小型无人机快速最优化稳像方法研究

小型无人机电子稳像可以纠正视频影像中存在的晃动、震动、畸变等不稳定因素,有利于视频影像目标跟踪、精确打击,同时还能缓解观察者的视觉疲劳。电子稳像有3个主要的步骤:全局运动估计、主运动估计和运动补偿。本文主要对主运动估计的方法进行研究,并提出了一种快速最优化的稳像方法,该方法能够快速准确的估计小型无人机视频影像的主运动。该方法结合了L1最优化方法的精确性和Kalman滤波方法处理速度快的优点,并克服Kalman滤波法预测精度不高和L1最优化方法只能事后处理的问题,从而获到更好的稳像效果。最后采用实际飞行数据对本文提出算法进行了验证,结果表明,本文所提出的方法在保证稳像处理精度的前提下,也保证了处理效率。     

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定腈纶布料中残留的二甲基甲酰胺

提出了测定腈纶布料中残留的二甲基甲基甲酰胺的大口径毛细管气相色谱分析方法。检测范围为０￣５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,检测限为２μｇ／Ｌ,回收率为９０．０－９７．５％,ＲＳＤ〈４．６％。     

Automated three-dimensional tracing of neurons in confocal and brightfield images.

Automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis methods are presented for tracing of dye-injected neurons imaged by fluorescence confocal microscopy and HRP-stained neurons imaged by transmitted-light brightfield microscopy. An improved algorithm for adaptive 3-D skeletonization of noisy images enables the tracing. This algorithm operates by performing connectivity testing over large N x N x N voxel neighborhoods exploiting the sparseness of the structures of interest, robust surface detection that improves upon classical vacant neighbor schemes, improved handling of process ends or tips based on shape collapse prevention, and thickness-adaptive thinning. The confocal image stacks were skeletonized directly. The brightfield stacks required 3-D deconvolution. The results of skeletonization were analyzed to extract a graph representation. Topological and metric analyses can be carried out using this representation. A semiautomatic method was developed for reconnection of dendritic fragments that are disconnected due to insufficient dye penetration, an imaging deficiency, or skeletonization errors.     

A finite element based algorithm for determining interfacial tension (gamma) from pendant drop profiles

This paper introduces a robust algorithm to determine the interfacial tension (gamma) from pendant drop profiles using the Galerkin finite element method (gamma-PD-FEM) to solve the axisymmetric form of the Young-Laplace (YL) equation. In this algorithm, the theoretical profiles are generated by solving the spherical coordinate form of the YL equation. gamma-PD-FEM also solves for the parameter estimates by minimizing the difference between the theoretical and experimental surface functions, f(theta). This technique is compared to the widely used method of converting the YL equation to the three arc length-based (ALB) first-order ODEs developed by Bashforth and Adams (BA) in 1883, or as denoted in this paper, the gamma-PD-BA method. The drop apex is the initial condition for the gamma-PD-BA algorithm and the integration is terminated at a specified location along the drop profile. In contrast to techniques based on the BA approach, computation of the theoretical drop profile in gamma-PD-FEM is obtained from a second-order ordinary differential equation and requires boundary conditions at the drop apex and at the contact line of the drop to the nozzle. By incorporating both boundary conditions into the problem formulation, the algorithm can also determine if the drop shape is at static equilibrium. Results to be presented include an outline of the computer algorithm, and comparison of gamma values obtained from the gamma-PD-FEM and the traditional gamma-PD-BA method using simulated and experimental drop profile data sets.     

A method for correcting the contact angle from the θ/2 method

The θ/2 method, a widely used technique on measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop, assumes that the drop profile is part of a sphere. However, the shape profile of a sessile drop is governed by the Young–Laplace equation and is different from a sphere, especially for drops with a large bound number (e.g. large volume or small surface tension). The spherical assumption, therefore, causes errors on evaluating the contact angles. The deviation of contact angle from the θ/2 method is evaluated from a theoretical calculation in this work. A simple means is given for correcting the measurement error. The corrected angle results from the drop volume, surface tension, liquid density and the contact angle from θ/2 method. An algorithm for finding the correct contact angle without knowing the density and surface tension is also given. At the end, two examples of pendant drops are given for the illustration.     

Impact testing of polymeric foam using Hopkinson bars and digital image analysis

The present investigation aims at testing polymeric foam under impact loading using large diameter nylon Hopkinson bars and optical field measurements. Accurate average stress-strain relations can be obtained when soft large diameter polymeric pressure bars and the appropriate data processing are used. However, as there are generally no homogeneous strain and stress fields for polymeric foams, an optical field observation is needed. In contrast to quasi-static tests where the digital image correlation (DIC) measurement is commonly used, technical difficulties still remain for the reliable use of DIC under impact conditions. In this paper, an accurate synchronization method based on the displacement measurement of the end of pressure bars (calculated by a robust DIC algorithm) is preferred to conventional MCDL box time synchronization. Also, the bar end displacement measurement offers a complementary calibration method for the tension/strain conversion coefficient. Strain fields are obtained for tests on foam sample at impact velocities up to 20 m/s. The localized strain fields permit better understanding of the observed stress plateau from SHPB results. The relevance of the present method for establishing mechanical response of polymeric foam is then demonstrated.     

Automated,feature-based image alignment for high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry of large biological samples

High-resolution imaging mass spectrometry of large biological samples is the goal of several research groups. In mosaic imaging, the most common method, the large sample is divided into a mosaic of small areas that are then analyzed with high resolution. Here we present an automated alignment routine that uses principal component analysis to reduce the uncorrelated noise in the imaging datasets, which previously obstructed automated image alignment. An additional signal quality metric ensures that only those regions with sufficient signal quality are considered. We demonstrate that this algorithm provides superior alignment performance than manual stitching and can be used to automatically align large imaging mass spectrometry datasets comprising many individual mosaic tiles.     

Stand-off Raman spectroscopic detection of minerals on planetary surfaces

We have designed and developed two breadboard versions of stand-off Raman spectroscopic systems for landers based on a 5-in. Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope and a small (4-in. diameter) Newtonian telescope receiver. These systems are capable of measuring the Raman spectra of minerals located at a distance of 4.5-66 m from the telescope. Both continuous wave (CW) Ar-ion and frequency doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm) pulsed (20 Hz) lasers are used as excitation sources for measuring remote Raman spectra of rocks and minerals. We have also made complementary measurements on the same rock samples with a micro-Raman system in 180 and 135 degrees geometry for evaluating the system performance and for estimating effect of grain size and laser-induced heating on the spectra of minerals using alpha-quartz as a model mineral. A field portable remote pulsed Raman spectroscopic system based on the 5-in. telescope and an f/2.2 spectrograph has been developed and tested. We have also demonstrated a prototype of a combined Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system, capable of providing major element composition and mineralogical information on both biogenic and inorganic minerals at a distance of 10 m from the receiver.     

Investigation of space charge effects and ion trapping capacity on direct introduction ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry workflows for metabolomics

Ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry, in the absence of chromatography, is finding its place for direct analyses of highly complex mixtures, such as those encountered during untargeted metabolomics screening. Advances, however, have been tempered by difficulties such as uneven signal suppression experienced during electrospray ionization. Moreover, ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometers that use Orbitrap and ICR analyzers both suffer from limited ion trapping capacities, owing principally to space‐charge effects. This study has evaluated and contrasted the above two types of Fourier transform mass spectrometers for their abilities to detect and identify by accurate mass measurement, small molecule metabolites present in complex mixtures. For these direct introduction studies, the Orbitrap Fusion showed a major advantage in terms of speed of analysis, enabling detection of 218 of 440 molecules (<2 ppm error, 500 000 resolution at m/z 200) present in a complex mixture in 5 min. This approach is the most viable for high‐throughput workflows, such as those used in investigations involving very large cohorts of metabolomics samples. From the same mixture, 183 unique molecules were observed by FT‐ICR in the broadband mode, but this number was raised to 235 when “selected ion monitoring‐stitching” (SIM‐stitching) was employed (<0.1 ppm error, 7 T magnet with dynamic harmonization cell, 1.8 million resolution at m/z 200, both cases). SIM‐stitching FT‐ICR thus offered the most complete detection, which may be of paramount importance in situations where it is essential to obtain the most complete metabolic profile possible. This added completeness, however, came at the cost of a more lengthy analysis time (120 min including manual treatment). Compared to the data presented here, future automation of processing, plus the use of absorption mode detection, segmented ion detection (stepwise detection of smaller width m/z sections), and higher magnetic field strengths, can substantially reduce FT‐ICR acquisition times.     

Tumor Cell Detection Device Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Image Processing

A laboratory-made tumor cell detection device was fabricated based on both surface plasmon resonance imaging（SPRi） and image processing.In this device,a gravity-induced flow injection chip（gFIC） was exploited to replace a pump.Also two charge coupled devices（CCDs） were used to detect HepG2 cells by SPRi and image processing,respectively.The results of two CCDs are associated.Protein A was used to modify the sensing surface.The inlet angle was carefully adjusted for the device to get an enhanced image.In the test,the contrast among cell solutions at different concentrations can be easily distinguished.The other CCD using image processing can tell false-positive in some degree.This detection is label-free,real time,and precise.     

The Use of Digital Processing of Video Images for Determining Parameters of Sessile and Pendant Droplets

Methods used at different stages of digital processing of video images in studies of surface phenomena are considered. A segmentation method making it possible to detect several objects in an image field with a nonuniform illuminance is proposed; this method is based on dynamic thresholding. Various methods of determining the characteristics of the capillary system under consideration by fitting the parameters of Laplace's equation are discussed. The factors affecting the accuracy of parameter determination for sessile and pendant droplets are analyzed. On the basis of model calculations, the deviations (due to digitization of the interface profile during its digital processing) of the resultant surface tension and contact angle from exact values are estimated. Some experimental applications of the techniques described in the paper are discussed.