Ni-Co-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备及其加氢脱氧性能

采用化学还原法制备了不同Ni/Co原子比的Ni-Co-W-B非晶态催化剂,以苯酚为探针,研究了其加氢脱氧性能.结果表明,新鲜的Ni-Co-W-B催化剂具有非晶态结构,其中Ni0和B0之间存在电子转移,且随着Co含量的增加,催化剂的热稳定性逐渐提高,表面Ni0含量减少.该催化剂上苯酚加氢脱氧反应按照先加氢再脱氧的方式进行...     

木质素基酚类化合物加氢脱氧制取碳氢燃料

木质素是生物质中碳资源密度最高的组分.木质素到高品质液体燃料的转化主要通过其解聚的单环酚类化合物经加氢脱氧工艺来实现.来源于木质素的酚类化合物的加氢脱氧产物一般为C6~C10之间的碳氢化合物,与现有的商品汽油组分碳数分布一致,是理想的交通替代燃料.酚类化合物的加氢脱氧研究近年来发展迅速,文献报道数量激增.本文对硫化态Mo基催化剂、贵金属催化剂及非硫化非贵金属催化剂作用下单环酚类化合物的加氢脱氧反应特性分别进行了回顾,对典型酚类模型化合物在催化反应机理进行了简述,并对载体材料在加氢脱氧过程中的作用进行了介绍.随后,在此基础上总结了当前酚类化合物加氢脱氧过程中的难点,并对下一步的技术发展方向进行展望.     

CeO_2对Ni-Cu/HZSM-5催化剂在生物油加氢脱氧反应中抗积炭性能的影响

将CeO_2氧化物添加到Ni-Cu基催化剂中,研究了CeO_2加入量对生物油加氢脱氧过程中催化剂表面积炭行为的影响。采用热重分析、X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱等对CeO_2加入前后催化剂表面的积炭量、微结构、积炭动力学和不同类型炭(软积炭、硬积炭和石墨炭)的转变行为等进行了研究。结果表明,CeO_2的添加量及反应温度对催化剂的抗积炭能力及积炭的类型均具有显著的影响;在反应温度为270℃、CeO_2的添加量为15%时,Ni-Cu基催化剂抗积炭性能最好。     

酚类化合物催化加氢的研究进展

酚类化合物是羟基与苯环上的碳原子直接相连的芳烃,苯酚类产品源于石油,产量大,价格低廉,其苯环经加氢后可生成相应的环己酮或环己醇类衍生物被广泛应用,所以对于酚类化合物催化加氢具有非常深远的意义.本文作者分别对苯酚、烷基苯酚、氨基苯酚、对苯二酚的催化加氢的研究进展进行了综述,对酚类化合物加氢催化剂的研究方向进行了展望.     

La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂的制备及其苯酚加氢脱氧催化性能

以NaBH4为还原剂采用化学还原法制备出La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究了助剂La对Ni-Mo-B催化剂催化性能的影响.结果显示,加入适量助剂La能显著减小催化剂粒径,增加Ni0含量,促进Mo6+还原生成Mo4+,但过量La会覆盖Ni0和Mo4+的活性位点.催化剂的高加氢活性主要归因于其非晶态结构和高Ni0含量,高脱氧活性主要归因于其高Mo4+含量.在苯酚的加氢脱氧(HDO)反应中,La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂催化苯酚HDO反应主要按照加氢-氢解的路径进行的,显著降低了产物中芳烃含量.通过优化反应条件,催化苯酚的转化率和脱氧率都可达到99.0%.高温下La-Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂失活的主要原因是非晶态结构的破坏.     

Ni-Cu-Ru/HZSM-5催化木质素生物油加氢脱氧制芳香烃的研究（英文）

木质素所得生物油（LDB）成分相对复杂对其后续利用产生巨大挑战。本研究以LDB为原料,在超临界乙醇条件下（320℃,14 MPa）,以NaOH和负载金属（Ni、Cu和Ru）共同改性的HZSM-5为催化剂制备富含芳香烃的生物油。结果表明,脱硅处理后负载Ni、Cu和Ru三种金属制得的Ni-Cu-Ru/DeHZSM-5催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,其中,提质油（UBO）中芳香烃的相对含量达到28.95%。此外,结合GC-MS分析结果,提出了愈创木酚、丁香酚和甲基愈创木酚潜在的加氢反应路径。LDB在Ni-Cu-Ru/DeHZSM-5的催化加氢作用下,提质生物油（UBO）的收率可达到80.40%,能量回收率达到96.32%。在催化加氢过程中主要发生了脱甲氧基化反应和脱水反应。相比于LBD,UBO的热值提高了19.80%,达到35.22 MJ/kg,且其含水量、黏度和酸值等性能均有显著改善。具有微介孔结构及Ni、Cu和Ru负载共同修饰的Ni-CuRu/DeHZSM-5催化剂有利于提升芳香烃的收率。     

固体酸催化烯烃改性生物油酚类化合物研究

选取生物油中含量较高的愈创木酚、儿茶酚和苯酚为酚类模型化合物,以蒙脱土K-10负载的Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40为固体超强酸催化剂,苯酚/1-辛烯烷基化反应为探针,考察了催化剂负载量,反应温度及物料摩尔比等因素对酚类烷基化反应的影响.结果表明,在60～100℃范围内,30%Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10对苯酚烷基化反应具有很好的催化活性和选择性,原料摩尔比为1时苯酚氧烷基化产物的选择性最好.愈创木酚中甲氧基的位阻效应使其转化率在相同条件下比苯酚低很多,相应氧烷基化产物的选择性也很低.儿茶酚与1-辛烯反应主要生成单羟基氧烷基化产物,100℃时选择性仍高达96%.升高温度有利于烷基化改性反应的进行,但产物中氧烷基化产物的选择性随着温度升高而降低.     

Ni(Co)-W-B非晶态催化剂的制备和加氢脱氧性能研究

采用化学还原法制备出非晶态催化剂Ni-W-B和Co-W-B,用BET、XRD和XPS对催化剂进行表征分析,以对甲基苯酚为模型化合物研究了两种催化剂的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,所制备的两种催化剂均为非晶态结构,两种催化剂在对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应中都显示出较好的脱氧活性。在相对低温523 K下,Ni-W-B催化剂显示较高的加氢活性,转化率达到100.0%,对甲基环己醇的选择性为55.1%,脱氧选择性只有44.1%,而Co-W-B催化剂显示出较高的脱氧活性,脱氧选择性达到93.1%,这主要是由于催化剂的表面不同价态元素组成含量引起的。在573 K和4.0 MPa下,催化对甲基苯酚的加氢脱氧反应的转化率和脱氧选择性都能达到100%。     

油水两相体系中非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3对生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧研究

制备了负载型的非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附和XPS表征手段对其进行了分析,并考查了催化剂在油水两相体系中对生物油模型化合物苯甲醚和愈创木酚的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,在B的修饰作用下,Ni处于富电子状态,从而导致非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱氧活性明显高于晶态Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂。提高催化反应温度和延长反应时间有利于愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧转化。在实验结果的基础上,对愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧反应路径进行了分析,为生物油加氢脱氧反应机理提供了参考依据。     

Glucose‐ and Cellulose‐Derived Ni/C‐SO3H Catalysts for Liquid Phase Phenol Hydrodeoxygenation

Sulfonated carbons were explored as functionalized supports for Ni nanoparticles to hydrodeoxygenate (HDO) phenol. Both hexadecane and water were used as solvents. The dual‐functional Ni catalysts supported on sulfonated carbon (Ni/C‐SO₃H) showed high rates for phenol hydrodeoxygenation in liquid hexadecane, but not in water. Glucose and cellulose were precursors to the carbon supports. Changes in the carbons resulting from sulfonation of the carbons resulted in variations of carbon sheet structures, morphologies and the surface concentrations of acid sites. While the C‐SO₃H supports were active for cyclohexanol dehydration in hexadecane and water, Ni/C‐SO₃H only catalysed the reduction of phenol to cyclohexanol in water. The state of 3–5 nm grafted Ni particles was analysed by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the metallic Ni was rapidly formed in situ without detectable leaching to the aqueous phase, suggesting that just the acid functions on Ni/C‐SO₃H are inhibited in the presence of water. Using in situ IR spectroscopy, it was shown that even in hexadecane, phenol HDO is limited by the dehydration step. Thus, phenol HDO catalysis was further improved by physically admixing C‐SO₃H with the Ni/C‐SO₃H catalyst to balance the two catalytic functions. The minimum addition of 7 wt % C‐SO₃H to the most active of the Ni/C‐SO₃H catalysts enabled nearly quantitative conversion of phenol and the highest selectivity (90 %) towards cyclohexane in 6 h, at temperatures as low as 473 K, suggesting that the proximity to Ni limits the acid properties of the support.     

Hydrazine‐Assisted Liquid Exfoliation of MoS2 for Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Methylphenol

A simple but effective method to exfoliate bulk MoS₂ in a range of solvents is presented for the preparation of colloid flakes consisted of one to a few molecular layers by application of ultrasonic treatment in N₂H₄. Their high yield in solution and exposure of more active surface sites allows the synthesis of corresponding solid catalysts with remarkably high activity in hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐methylphenol and this method can also be applied to other two dimensional materials.     

几种挥发性有机酚的离子淌度谱测定

应用离子淌度谱仪在负高压方式下测得苯酚、２－氯代酚、２，４－二氯代酚及五氯代酚的折合淌度值分别为２．１２、２．０１、１．９３、１．７４ ｃｍ２Ｖ－１ｓ－１，检测限分别为 １．０、０．１、０．５、０．５μｇ／Ｌ，２－氯代酚、２，４－二氯代酚的二聚体的折合淌度值分别为 １．６０、１．４７ｃｍ２Ｖ１ｓ１，并对苯酚、２－氯代酚和２，４－二氯代酚的混合物进行了分析测定，并讨论了淌度值与分子量、分子形状之间的关系。     

Space Group Distribution in Substituted Phenols

1INTRODUCTIONThedesignofmolecularcrystalmaterialsisoneoftheveryactiveresearchareastoday\"-\".Itsfirststepisthedesignofmoleculewithdesiredproperties.Thesecondstepinvo1vesinpackingthemoleculesintoalatticestructureinadesirablemanner.Tocontrolmolecularpacking,scientistsshouldknowtherulesgoverningtheprocessthatmoleculesassemblethemselvesintothree-dimensionalcrystalstructureorotherorderedmediawithlowerdimensionalitysuchasliquidcrystalormonolayerstruc-:ture,amongotherthings.lnmolecularcrystals,mol…     

复合载体TiO2-Al2O3的制备及其对Ni-Mo-S负载型催化剂加氢脱氧性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备出复合载体TiO₂-Al₂O₃,用N₂-吸附、XRD和吡啶吸附红外光谱等手段进行表征。采用原位硫化法制备Ni-Mo-S/TiO₂-Al₂O₃负载型催化剂,以苯酚为模型化合物研究其加氢脱氧催化性能。主要研究铝源和沉淀剂对TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体性能的影响以及其作为载体对Ni-Mo-S/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化苯酚加氢脱氧反应的影响。结果表明,以氯化铝为铝源制备的复合载体具有较大的孔容和孔径,孔容达1.12cm³/g,孔径达18.0nm;以硫酸铝为铝源和以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂制备的复合载体具有较大的比表面积,高达295m²/g;氨水沉淀制备的复合载体具有较多的L酸;以硫酸铝为铝源制备的复合载体形成少量的B酸。TiO₂-Al₂O₃作为载体影响Ni-Mo-S/TiO₂-Al₂O₃负载型催化剂加氢脱氧性能的主要因素是载体的酸性和载体的比表面积。在300℃,4.0MPa条件下Ni-Mo-S/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化苯酚的转化率达81.9%,产物中无氧化合物的总选择性达100%,脱氧率达79.4%。     

Synthesis of Renewable Diesel through Hydrodeoxygenation Using Pd/zeolite Catalysts

Hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid as model compound of vegetable oils over Pd/zeolite catalysts was investigated under conditions of 375−400 °C and 15 bar in a semi batch stirred autoclave reactor. Pd/zeolite-1 and Pd/zeolite-2 catalysts were prepared using microwave polyol method with different treatment conditions. The liquid hydrocarbon products named Renewable Diesel have suitable density and viscosity, and quite high cetane index in accordance with standard commercial diesel and ASTM D-975. The IR spectrum of Renewable Diesel products have similarities with commercial diesel. The oxygenation removal pathway of oleic acid over Pd/zeolite 1 catalyst was primarily compiled through decarboxylation at 375 °C.     

三溴化聚乙烯吡咯烷酮高效催化醇和酚的乙酰化反应(英文)

An efficient and versatile procedure for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols using acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of polyvinylpolypyrrolidoniume tribromide has been successfully developed.Primary,secondary,and tertiary alcohols,as well as a selection of the phenolic compounds,have been successfully acetylated according to this procedure,with good to high yields being achieved over short reaction times.     

Plasma-Catalytic Decomposition of Phenols in Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This study investigated the processes for the destruction of phenol and its derivatives (resorcin and pyrocatechol) in aqueous solutions under the action of an oxygen dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure in the presence or absence of catalysts in the plasma zone. It was shown that the DBD had a high decomposition efficiency for phenol and its derivatives (up to 99%). Phenol was the most stable and pyrocatechol was the least. In a plasma-catalytic hybrid process, the effective rate constants for phenol, resorcin and pyrocatechol decomposition were 11, 4 and 2.5 times higher, respectively, than those for the DBD treatment without catalysts. The process also resulted in a 1.4, 1.6 and 1.2 times higher rate of carboxylic acid formation for phenol, resorcin and pyrocatechol, respectively. The fractional conversion into the respective carboxylic acids reached 56% for phenol and 68% for resorcin and pyrocatechol.